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Ethical layers of artificial intelligence 

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Ethical layers of artificial intelligence 

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Authors: Manuel Cebral-Loureda (Tec)

Keywords: AI ethics, Philosophy, AI Philosophy

Although we speak in general of AI ethics, this raises issues that can be addressed with different depths, from the most operational, through a more structural one, or finally an ontological one that takes into account the very condition and purpose of AI.

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Authors: Daniel López Castro (CSIC)

Keywords: ChatGPT, Transhumanismo

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Authors: Pablo Jiménez Schegl (CSIC)

Keywords: Robotics Ethics, AI

Impacto del robot sobre el mundo laboral, sobre el transporte, en la esfera doméstica y privada, en el ámbito médico y asistencial, en los escenarios bélicos, sobre el medio ambiente, etc. Transversalmente se abordarían los aspectos relacionados con la seguridad, la privacidad, la dignidad humana, la libertad, así como las posibles acciones encaminadas a implementar la ética en los robots, incluyendo por un lado las iniciativas legislativas, y por el otro la programación/enseñanza de los mismos robots

y la formación de sus diseñadores-constructores, usuarios y del público en general.

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Authors: Hector G. Ceballos (Tec)

Keywords: AI ethics, Education, Learning Analytics

We must consider the implications of deploying AI models in educational contexts, and in particular if we expect to enable autonomous interventions. For instance, dropout prediction might become a self-prophecy if it is not properly communicated, or could even used for discriminating under-represented students.

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Authors: Dr. Sergio Bárcenas (Tec)

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Problema de alineamiento de valores tiene mi interés 

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Problema de alineamiento de valores tiene mi interés 

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Authors: Pablo Jiménez Schlegl, Júlia Pareto, Carme Torras (CSIC)

Keywords: Robot ethics, AI

1. The robot as embodied AI

-Physical presence and agency in the real world

-Machine: mechanical structure with moving elements activated by motors

-Singularity of robots as autonomous (i.e., beyond automatic) machines thanks to sensing and processing capabilities. AI: learning, planning, and other cognitive processes enable robots towards higher degrees of autonomy, whereas technological advances (material science, electronics, control…) provide them more mobility and dexterity.

2. Applications: state of the art and possible evolution

-Occupational field: industrial, service, agricultural, construction, maintenance, service robots, exploration, and autonomous vehicles. Human-robot teams.

-Assistance, educational, domestic, personal sphere: rehabilitation, nursing, educative, domestic, personal, sexual robots.

-Exceptional scenarios: war, natural or human - caused catastrophes.

3. Robot ethics. Potential/actual impact on individuals, society and environment.

Issues about:

-Security/safety: Better safety, work conditions and efficiency at the expense of (direct) job losses. Potential hazards related to robots. Lethal autonomous weapons (LAWs).

-Privacy: Access not only to data but also to spaces, even in the domestic sphere.

-Dignity: Access to intimacy. Surrogate of human relations. Humans threatened by LAWs

-Liberty: Who takes the decisions? Special case of handicapped persons. Use of  LAWs by dictatorial regimes.

-Equality/justice: Evolution of job profiles and the very meaning of work, redefinition of society in terms of work and retribution. Impact on migrations and development of countries. Social access to the benefits of technological advances: paradigmatic case of robotic prostheses.

-Sustainability: Mass fabrication of robots, waste, batteries and rare earths, energy consumption.

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-Ethical treatment/positioning about potential threats posed by robotics

4. Taking action

-Normative/legal initiatives

-Dissemination/education

-Programming/learning of ethics in(to) robots

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Authors: Sabur Butt, Manuel Cebral, Hector G. Ceballos

Generative AI is revolutionizing society, and a myriad of applications built around it are being deployed. But how confident are we about the content used for training these LLMs and the accuracy of these apps for regular use? In this chapter, we will address these issues, including a mention of those dangerous uses such as giving autonomous psychological support to people in stressful situations.

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The European Union's AI Act: A Comprehensive Regulatory Framework for Ethical and Safe AI Development

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The European Union's AI Act: A Comprehensive Regulatory Framework for Ethical and Safe AI Development

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On May 21, 2024, the European Council formally adopted the European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act, set to come into effect in various stages until 2026. This legislation, currently awaiting publication in the Official Journal of the European Union, aims to establish a clear and robust regulatory framework for the development and use of artificial intelligence technologies.

This law is part of global efforts to regulate the advancement of advanced AI techniques, such as pattern recognition, machine learning, and large language models. Other initiatives come from countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, and China. It is important to note that all these legislations exist within a global context and their coexistence has mutual repercussions.

The primary objective of the European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act is to ensure that the development and use of AI are conducted ethically and safely, protecting citizens' rights and privacy. The law classifies various AI-related activities, placing special emphasis on the use of personal data, facial recognition, privacy, and public safety, according to the risk they pose to different ethical principles.

The article examines how these ethical principles have been transformed into legal precepts. Additionally, it discusses the differences and similarities between the regulations of the United States, the United Kingdom, and China, highlighting the specific approaches of each region. Finally, it addresses some of the challenges and controversies that may arise with the implementation of this new legislation, as well as the expected impact on the industry and society in general.