# data[].attributes.body
The animals are unhappy under Mr. Jones, and some start dreaming of freedom and justice. Old Major, the pig, shares his ideas about ending their suffering.

# data[].attributes.body
a building with sails or vanes that turn in the wind and generate power to grind grain into flour.

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“Napoleon had never in reality been opposed to the windmill.”

importance: This is a big fat lie. Squealer uses it to reverse the truth and make Napoleon seem wise. It's a perfect example of how authoritarian regimes change the facts to paint their leader in a good light, so that in the future, he's remembered as a hero and not a villain

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"It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. Do you know what would

happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back! Yes, Jones would

come back! Surely, comrades,’ cried Squealer almost pleadingly, skipping from

side to side and whisking his tail, ‘surely there is no one among you who wants

to see Jones come back?’

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“Snowball’s part in it had been exaggerated.”

Importance:
This is another tactic to discredit Snowball and rewrite the animals’ memory of events. It shows how those in power control history to stay in control.

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"As usual, Snowball and Napoleon were in disagreement."

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lack of consensus or approval.

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1. Napoleon’s Dogs: The enforcers of Napoleon’s rule, who intimidate other animals.Evolve from loyal protectors to enforcers of Napoleon’s rule, used to intimidate and eliminate opposition, reflecting their role in the repression of dissent.

# data[].attributes.body
‘A bird’s wing, comrades,’ he said, ‘is an organ of propulsion and not of

manipulation. It should therefore be regarded as a leg. The distinguishing

mark of man is the hand, the instrument with which he does all his mischief.’

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.alternative_text
‘A bird’s wing, comrades,’ he said, ‘is an organ of propulsion and not of manipulation. It should therefore be regarded as a leg. The distinguishing mark of man is the hand, the instrument with which he does all his mischief.’

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“Surely, comrades, you do not want Jones back?”

Importance:
This becomes a fear tactic they use often. It shuts down complains by using fear of the past to justify any current abuse.

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1. Mr. Jones: The former farmer whose actions led to the revolution, though he is not present in the chapter.Although he does not appear, his past negligence becomes a contrasting backdrop that highlights the animals' increasing disillusionment under Napoleon.

# data[].attributes.body
The farm begins a new chapter without Jones, full of hope and dreams of equality, but already some signs of trouble are appearing.

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“Sometimes you might make the wrong decisions, comrades, and then where should we be?”

Importance:
He’s undermining democracy by making the animals believe their decisions are wrong. It reinforces the idea that only the elite are smart enough to make decisions, which justifies authoritarian control.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Mr. Jones: The former farmer whose actions led to the revolution, though he is not present in the chapter.Although he does not appear, his past negligence becomes a contrasting backdrop that highlights the animals' increasing disillusionment under Napoleon.

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"completely unintelligible but very impressive."

# data[].attributes.body
impossible to understand

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“Tactics, comrades, tactics!”

Importance:

Squealer rebrands Napoleon’s betrayal of the windmill as a clever strategy. This shows us how language is used to distort reality, because we know those weren't tactics, but excuses to justify sending Snowball away.

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“Napoleon is always right.”

Importance:

This quote is a turning point for Boxer’s character. His motto erases critical thought. It's a powerful example of how propaganda becomes internalized.

# data[].attributes.body
The animals follow their new rules and work together to rebuild and run the farm.

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“If Comrade Napoleon says it, it must be right.”

Importance:
Boxer’s blind loyalty shows how good intentions and ignorance can be dangerous. He becomes a tragic symbol of how the working class enables its own oppression.

# data[].attributes.body
The pigs reveal they are becoming the smart leaders, and the other animals realize they have new rules but still hope for a better life.

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¨Men are the only real enemy we have¨

In the story squealer and the pigs say that the humans are the ones that cause the animal's suffering the revolutionary ideology.

# data[].attributes.body
The pigs organize the other animals, make new rules, and work to run the farm fairly. The pigs start learning to read and write.

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Something happens whern the animals are about to vote. Snowball gives a speech that seems to convince everyone. But just as they're about to vote, Napoleon makes a strange sound. Suddenly, nine huge, dogs rush into the barn. They attack Snowball and chase him off the farm. He's never seen again. The puppies are the ones Napoleon had secretly trained.

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
to try to get political support or votes

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
small, organized dissenting groups within a larger one

# data[].attributes.body
With Snowball gone, Napoleon takes over completely. Squealer then tries to convince the other animals that Napoleon did the right thing. He lies, saying Snowball was a bad guy all along and that the windmill idea was Napoleon's. Squealer keeps reminding them that Mr. Jones might come back and using the scary dogs to make sure no one argues. Boxer just accepts everything Napoleon says. He now lives by two rules: "Napoleon is always right" and "I will work harder." This shows how Napoleon gains total control, leading Animal Farm into a harsh future where the pigs have all the power and the other animals lose their freedom.

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Squealer is a small, fat pig with a shrill voice and nimble movements.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Muriel: The goat who can read and understands the changing commandments.Grows from a passive character to an active participant who tries to understand the commandments, though she struggles with recognizing the pigs’ deceit.

2. The Sheep: The easily manipulated group that disrupts discussions with their chanting.Transition from passive followers to tools of propaganda, mindlessly chanting slogans that support Napoleon and drown out dissent among the animals.

# data[].attributes.body
“All decisions would be made by a special committee of pigs, presided over by himself.”

Importance:

This reveals Napoleon’s self-appointed dictatorship. The animals are now ruled, not equal, despite the revolution’s original promises of equality.

# data[].attributes.body
The tone is hopeful and simple. The style is clear and wasy to understand.

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1. Benjamin: The skeptical donkey who questions the motivations of the pigs.Deepens his cynicism and skepticism, becoming more aware of the pigs' manipulation and the futility of change on the farm.

2. The hens: The chickens who rebel against Napoleon's orders regarding egg sales.Change from loyal subjects to rebellious dissenters, actively opposing Napoleon's orders regarding egg sales, showcasing their resistance to exploitation.

# data[].attributes.body
Motto:  a brief statement expressing the guiding principles of a person

or organisation. For example: Boxer's motto is "I will work harder".

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.alternative_text
a hard workig pig being labour exploited saying he has to work harder

# data[].attributes.body
In an animal farm

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
An aerial photo of the Borgboda farm in Saltvik, Åland

Typical plan of a medieval English manor, showing the use of field strips

A farm (also called an agricultural holding) is an area of land that is devoted primarily to agricultural processes with the primary objective of producing food and other crops; it is the basic facility in food production. The name is used for specialized units such as arable farms, vegetable farms, fruit farms, dairy, pig and poultry farms, and land used for the production of natural fiber, biofuel, and other commodities. It includes ranches, feedlots, orchards, plantations and estates, smallholdings, and hobby farms, and includes the farmhouse and agricultural buildings as well as the land. In modern times, the term has been extended so as to include such industrial operations as wind farms and fish farms, both of which can operate on land or at sea.

There are about 570 million farms in the world, most of which are small and family-operated. Small farms with a land area of fewer than 2 hectares operate on about 12% of the world's agricultural land, and family farms comprise about 75% of the world's agricultural land.

Modern farms in developed countries are highly mechanized. In the United States, livestock may be raised on rangeland and finished in feedlots, and the mechanization of crop production has brought about a great decrease in the number of agricultural workers needed. In Europe, traditional family farms are giving way to larger production units. In Australia, some farms are very large because the land is unable to support a high stocking density of livestock because of climatic conditions. In less developed countries, small farms are the norm, and the majority of rural residents are subsistence farmers, feeding their families and selling any surplus products in the local market.

The word in the sense of an agricultural land-holding derives from the verb "to farm" a revenue source, whether taxes, customs, rents of a group of manors or simply to hold an individual manor by the feudal land tenure of "fee farm". The word is from the medieval Latin noun firma, also the source of the French word ferme, meaning a fixed agreement, contract, from the classical Latin adjective firmus meaning strong, stout, firm. As in the medieval age virtually all manors were engaged in the business of agriculture, which was their principal revenue source, so to hold a manor by the tenure of "fee farm" became synonymous with the practice of agriculture itself.

Map of the world showing approximate centers of origin of agriculture and its spread in prehistory: the Fertile Crescent (11,000 BP), the Yangtze and Yellow River basins (9,000 BP), and the New Guinea Highlands (9,000-6,000 BP), Central Mexico (5,000-4,000 BP), Northern South America (5,000-4,000 BP), sub-Saharan Africa (5,000-4,000 BP, exact location unknown), eastern North America (4,000-3,000 BP).[6]

Farming has been innovated at multiple different points and places in human history. The transition from hunter-gatherer to settled, agricultural societies is called the Neolithic Revolution and first began around 12,000 years ago, near the beginning of the geological epoch of the Holocene around 12,000 years ago. It was the world's first historically verifiable revolution in agriculture. Farming spread from the Middle East to Europe and by 4,000 BC people that lived in the central part of Europe were using oxen to pull plows and wagons. Subsequent step-changes in human farming practices were provoked by the British Agricultural Revolution in the 18th century, and the Green Revolution of the second half of the 20th century.

Farming originated independently in different parts of the world, as hunter gatherer societies transitioned to food production rather than food capture. It may have started about 12,000 years ago with the domestication of livestock in the Fertile Crescent in western Asia, soon to be followed by the cultivation of crops. Modern units tend to specialize in the crops or livestock best suited to the region, with their finished products being sold for the retail market or for further processing, with farm products being traded around the world.

A farm may be owned and operated by a single individual, family, community, corporation or a company, may produce one or many types of produce, and can be a holding of any size from a fraction of a hectare to several thousand hectares.

A farm may operate under a monoculture system or with a variety of cereal or arable crops, which may be separate from or combined with raising livestock. Specialist farms are often denoted as such, thus a dairy farm, fish farm, poultry farm or mink farm.

Some farms may not use the word at all, hence vineyard (grapes), orchard (nuts and other fruit), market garden or "truck farm" (vegetables and flowers). Some farms may be denoted by their topographical location, such as a hill farm, while large estates growing cash crops such as cotton or coffee may be called plantations.

Many other terms are used to describe farms to denote their methods of production, as in collective, corporate, intensive, organic or vertical.

Other farms may primarily exist for research or education, such as an ant farm, and since farming is synonymous with mass production, the word "farm" may be used to describe wind power generation or puppy farm.

Farms have special buildings. Some buildings, such as barns, may hold animals. There may be separate buildings for chickens and pigs. On dairy farms, a milking parlor is an important building. It is where dairy cows are milked. The milk is kept in a milking parlor until a milk tanker comes to get it. There are also special buildings for keeping grain. A silo is a tall building where grains, such as wheat and oats are stored. Farmers also use small round metal buildings to store their grain. These buildings are called grain bins.

Dairy farming is a class of agriculture, where female cattle, goats, or other mammals are raised for their milk, which may be either processed on-site or transported to a dairy for processing and eventual retail sale There are many breeds of cattle that can be milked some of the best producing ones include Holstein, Norwegian Red, Kostroma, Brown Swiss, and more.

In most Western countries, a centralized dairy facility processes milk and dairy products, such as cream, butter, and cheese. In the United States, these dairies are usually local companies, while in the southern hemisphere facilities may be run by very large nationwide or trans-national corporations (such as Fonterra).

Dairy farms generally sell male calves for veal meat, as dairy breeds are not normally satisfactory for commercial beef production. Many dairy farms also grow their own feed, typically including maize, alfalfa, and hay. This is fed directly to the cows, or stored as silage for use during the winter season. Additional dietary supplements are added to the feed to improve milk production.

Poultry farming

Poultry farms are devoted to raising chickens (egg layers or broilers), turkeys, ducks, and other fowl, generally for meat or eggs.

A pig farm is one that specializes in raising pigs for bacon, ham, and other pork products. They may be free range, intensive, or both.

Farm control and ownership has traditionally been a key indicator of status and power, especially in Medieval European agrarian societies. The distribution of farm ownership has historically been closely linked to form of government. Medieval feudalism was essentially a system that centralized control of farmland, control of farm labor and political power, while the early American democracy, in which land ownership was a prerequisite for voting rights, was built on relatively easy paths to individual farm ownership. However, the gradual modernization and mechanization of farming, which greatly increases both the efficiency and capital requirements of farming, has led to increasingly large farms. This has usually been accompanied by the decoupling of political power from farm ownership.[citation needed ]

In some societies (especially socialist and communist), collective farming is the norm, with either government ownership of the land or common ownership by a local group. Especially in societies without widespread industrialized farming, tenant farming and sharecropping are common; farmers either pay landowners for the right to use farmland or give up a portion of the crops.

Farming near Klingerstown, Pennsylvania

The land and buildings of a farm are called the "farmstead". Enterprises where livestock are raised on rangeland are called . Where livestock are raised in confinement on feed produced elsewhere, the term is usually used.

In the US, in 1910 there were 6,406,000 farms and 10,174,000 family workers; In 2000 there were only 2,172,000 farms and 2,062,300 family workers. The share of U.S. farms operated by women has risen steadily over recent decades, from 5 percent in 1978 to 14 percent by 2007.

A typical North American grain farm with farmstead in Ontario, Canada

In the United States, there are over three million migrant and seasonal farmworkers; 72% are foreign-born, 78% are male, they have an average age of 36 and average education of 8 years. Farmworkers make an average hourly rate of $9-10 per hour, compared to an average of over $18 per hour for nonfarm labor. Their average family income is under $20,000 and 23% live in families with incomes below the federal poverty level. One-half of all farmworker families earn less than $10,000 per year, which is significantly below the 2005 U.S. poverty level of $19,874 for a family of four.

In 2007, corn acres are expected to increase by 15% because of the high demand for ethanol, both in and outside of the U.S. Producers are expecting to plant 90.5 million acres (366,000 km ²) of corn, making it the largest corn crop since 1944.

Traditional Dutch farmhouse

In the UK, farm as an agricultural unit, always denotes the area of pasture and other fields together with its farmhouse, farmyard and outbuildings. Large farms, or groups of farms under the same ownership, may be called an estate. Conversely, a small farm surrounding the owner's dwelling is called a smallholding and is generally focused on self-sufficiency with only the surplus being sold.

In Europe, traditional family farms are giving way to larger production units where industrial agriculture and mechanization brings large crop yields.

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is one of the most important policies of the European Union and is helping in the change of farms from traditional family farms to larger production units. The policy has the objectives of increasing agricultural production, providing certainty in food supplies, ensuring a high quality of life for farmers, stabilizing markets, and ensuring reasonable prices for consumers. It was, until recently, operated by a system of subsidies and market intervention. Until the 1990s, the policy accounted for over 60 per cent of the European Union's annual budget, and as of 2013 accounts for around 34 per cent.

According to the World Bank, "most empirical evidence indicates that land productivity on large farms in Pakistan is lower than that of small farms, holding other factors constant." Small farmers have "higher net returns per hectare" than large farms, according to farm household income data.

Goat found in Nepal

Nepal is an agricultural country and about 80% of the total population are engaged in farming. Rice is mainly produced in Nepal along with fruits like apples. Dairy farming and poultry farming are also growing in Nepal.

Goat found in Australia

Farming is a significant economic sector in Australia. A farm is an area of land used for primary production which will include buildings.

According to the UN, "green agriculture directs a greater share of total farming input expenditures towards the purchase of locally sourced input?(e.g. labour and organic fertilisers) and a local multiplier effect is expected to kick in. Overall, green farming practices tend to require more labour inputs than conventional farming (e.g. from comparable levels to as much as 30 per cent more) (FAO 2007 and European Commission 2010), creating jobs in rural areas and a higher return on labour inputs."

Where most of the income is from some other employment, and the farm is really an expanded residence, the term hobby farm is common. This will allow sufficient size for recreational use but be very unlikely to produce sufficient income to be self-sustaining. Hobby farms are commonly around 2 hectares (4.9 acres) but may be much larger depending upon land prices (which vary regionally).

Often very small farms used for intensive primary production are referred to by the specialization they are being used for, such as a dairy rather than a dairy farm, a piggery, a market garden, etc. This also applies to feedlots, which are specifically developed to a single purpose and are often not able to be used for more general purpose (mixed) farming practices.

In remote areas farms can become quite large. As with estates in England, there is no defined size or method of operation at which a large farm becomes a station.

A farm in Africa includes various structures. Depending on climate-related areas primarily farming is the raising and breeding of grazing livestock, such as cattle, sheep, ostriches, horses or goats. Predominantly domestic animals are raised for their meat, milk, skin, leather or fiber wool). You might even come across silk farms.

Furthermore, there are plenty of hunting farms, guest farms and game farms. Arable] or irrigated land is often used for raising crops such as feed grains and hay for animal feeding.

On some farms (Astro Farm) star-gazing became very popular because of the excellent optical quality in the desert. The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) which investigates cosmic gamma rays is situated on Farm Göllschau in Namibia.

Farm equipment has evolved over the centuries from simple hand tools such as the hoe, through ox- or horse-drawn equipment such as the plough and harrow, to the modern highly technical machinery such as the tractor, baler and combine harvester replacing what was a highly labour-intensive occupation before the Industrial Revolution. Today much of the farm equipment used on both small and large farms is automated (e.g. using satellite guided farming).

As new types of high-tech farm equipment have become inaccessible to farmers that historically fixed their own equipment, magazine reports there is a growing backlash, due mostly to companies using intellectual property law to prevent farmers from having the legal right to fix their equipment (or gain access to the information to allow them to do it). This has encouraged groups such as Open Source Ecology and Farm Hack to begin to make open source hardware for agricultural machinery. In addition on a smaller scale Farmbot and the RepRap open source 3D printer community has begun to make open-source farm tools available of increasing levels of sophistication.

1. ^ Lowder, Sarah K.; Skoet, Jakob; Raney, Terri (2016). "The Number, Size, and Distribution of Farms, Smallholder Farms, and Family Farms Worldwide". World Development. 87: 16-29. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.10.041.

2. Larousse Dictionnaire de la Langue Francaise ^ Lexis, Paris, 1993

3. ^ Patrick Hanks, ed. (1986). Collins dictionary of the English language. London: Collins. Bibcode:1986cdel.book.....H.

4. ^ James Robert Vernam Marchant, Joseph Fletcher Charles (ed.). Cassell's Latin dictionary. Funk & Wagnalls.

5. ^ "International Stratigraphic Chart". International Commission on Stratigraphy. Archived from the original on 2013-02-12.

6. ^ Graeme Barker (25 March 2009). The Agricultural Revolution in Prehistory: Why did Foragers become Farmers?. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-955995-4.

7. ^ Winterbottom, Jo; Jadhav, Rajendra (June 20, 2011). "SPECIAL REPORT - India's food chain in deep change". Reuters. Archived from the original on 1 February 2020. The average size of farms in India is a mere 1.77 hectares - about the size of two soccer pitches

8. ^ "Anna Creek Station". Wrightsair. Archived from the original on March 1, 2008. Anna Creek Station is well known as the largest cattle station in the world, covering an area of 24,000 sq. km

9. ^ "A Beginner's Guide to Poultry Farming". The Alabama Poultry and Egg Association. Archived from the original on February 25, 2012.

10. ^ Ward, Natalee (2017-05-25). "Ray Goldberg: The man that coined the term "agribusiness"". www.weeklytimesnow.com.au. Archived from the original on 2021-05-02.

11. ^ Ng, Desmond; Siebert, John W. (2009). "Toward Better Defining the Field of Agribusiness Management" (PDF). International Food and Agribusiness Management Review. 12 (4).

12. ^ Adamowicz, Mieczysław (2020). "Bioeconomy As a Concept for The Development of Agriculture and Agribusiness". Problems of Agricultural Economics. 365: 135-155. doi:10.30858/zer/131842. ISSN 0044-1600. S2CID 234433508.

13. ^ Heijman, Wim (2016-06-01). "How big is the bio-business? Notes on measuring the size of the Dutch bio-economy". NJAS: Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences. 77: 5-8. doi:10.1016/j.njas.2016.03.004. ISSN 1573-5214. S2CID 156714858.

14. "Agricultural businesses: Key influences on growth and performance", in ^ Agricultural Businesses: Their Growth & Performance, ISR/Google Books, 2022. ISBN 9780906321782

15. ^ "National Agricultural Statistics Service". Archived from the original on 2007-07-15.

16. Hoppe, Robert A. and Penni Korb. (2013). ^ Characteristics of Women Farm Operators and Their Farms. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.

17. ^ "Corn Acres Expected to Soar in 2007, USDA Says". Newsroom. Washington: U.S. Department of Agriculture - National Agricultural Statistics Service. March 30, 2007. Archived from the original on February 17, 2012.

18. ^ Stead, David (22 June 2007). "Common Agricultural Policy". EH.Net Encyclopedia.

19. ^ Report No. 39303-PK Pakistan, Promoting Rural Growth and Poverty Reduction,
March 30, 2007, Sustainable and Development Unit. South Asia Region. Document of the World Bank. p.50

20. Namibia SME Portal Site ^ Kalahari Wild Silk Archived 2018-09-19 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved Sept. 19, 2018

21. A worldwide community of farmers that build and modify our own tools. ^ http://farmhack.org/app/

22. Pearce, J.M.(2015). ^ Applications of Open Source 3-D Printing on Small Farms. Organic Farming 1(1), 19-35. DOI: 10.12924/of2014.01010019

Adams, Jane H. (July 1988). "The Decoupling of Farm and Household: Differential Consequences of Capitalist Development on Southern Illinois and Third World Family Farms". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 30 (3): 453-482. doi:10.1017/S0010417500015334. S2CID 154381479.

Blackbourn, David (1998). The Long Nineteenth Century: A History of Germany, 1780-1918. New York: Oxford University Press.

Clark, Christopher (2006). Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

Gregor, Howard F. (July 1969). "Farm Structure in Regional Comparison: California and New Jersey Vegetable Farms". Economic Geography. 45 (3): 209-225. doi:10.2307/143091. JSTOR 143091.

Grigg, David (July 1966). "The Geography of Farm Size a Preliminary Survey". Economic Geography. 42 (3): 205-235. doi:10.2307/142007. JSTOR 142007.

Schmidt, Elizabeth (1992). Peasants, Traders, and Wives: Shona Women in the History of Zimbabwe, 1870-1939. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A farm (also called an agricultural holding ) is an area of land that is devoted primarily to agricultural processes with the primary objective of producing food and other crops; it is the basic facility in food production.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
"Mollie strolled blithely into the yard"

# data[].attributes.body
showing a casual and cheerful indifference

# data[].attributes.body
1. Boxer: The hardworking cart-horse representing the loyal working class.Shifts from a hardworking individual to a blindly loyal follower, increasingly accepting the pigs’ decisions without question, embodying the working class's exploitation.

2. Clover: The caring mare who starts to question the pigs' actions. Moves from being a nurturing figure to a more critical observer, beginning to question the pigs' authority and their adherence to the original principles of Animalism.

# data[].attributes.body
Feeling very unhappy, unconfortable or sad.

# data[].attributes.body
the state of being free: doing what you want without being controlled by others

# data[].attributes.headline
"all the evils of this life of ours spring from the tyranny of human beings."

# data[].attributes.subject
"all the evils of this life of ours spring from the tyranny of human beings."

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.alternative_text
a dictator standing in a balcony in a military uniform

# data[].attributes.body
An indifferent and opportunistic animal who participates in the rebellion but remains self-serving and non-committal.

# data[].attributes.body
“She was late for work every morning and excused herself by saying that she had overslept…”

Importance: This illustrates Mollie’s growing detachment from Animalism's ideas. Her laziness and self-interest foreshadow her betrayal. It contrasts sharply with the rest of the animals’ hard work and loyalty, as exemplified by Boxer.

# data[].attributes.body
Represent the peasant class, initially supportive of the rebellion but later face harsh treatment and manipulation from the pigs.

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
The feeling of unhappness, being uncomfortable or sad 

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
information or ideas spread to influence people's opinion 

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
rules or laws that tell animals what to do

# data[].attributes.body
A knowledgeable and literate goat who reads the altered commandments to the other animals.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Napoleon: The dictatorial pig leader who ousts Snowball.Transforms from a co-leader to a tyrannical dictator, using force to eliminate rivals and consolidate power.

2. Snowball: The intelligent pig who advocates for the windmill and is expelled by Napoleon.Changes from an idealistic leader proposing progressive ideas to a scapegoat, being expelled by Napoleon and portrayed as a villain.

3. Squealer: The pig responsible for propaganda and misinformation.Evolves from a supportive pig to a master manipulator, employing propaganda to justify Napoleon’s actions and maintain control over the other animals.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Animal Farm - Characters overview - Characters - Edexcel - GCSE English Literature Revision - Edexcel - BBC Bitesize

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Revise and learn about the characters in George Orwell's Animal Farm with BBC Bitesize GCSE English Literature (Edexcel).

# data[].attributes.body
The group of simple-minded animals easily manipulated by the pigs, often repeating slogans like "Four legs good, two legs bad."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Sheep Sports #shaunthesheep #animation #cartoonforkids #english #sports

# data[].attributes.body
loud barking or howling

# data[].attributes.body
“Windmill or no windmill, he said, life would go on as it had always gone on — that is, badly.”

Importance: Benjamin is an example of cynicism and fatalism. He represents those who see the flaws in both sides but choose inaction, suggesting that hopelessness enables tyranny.

# data[].attributes.headline
"Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy."

# data[].attributes.subject
"Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy."

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.alternative_text
A sign with the silouette of a man that says no men

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
The ideology created by the old major that suggests equality among all animals 

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
a boar whose ideas inspired the rebellion 

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
the uprissing of the animals againts Mr. Jones 

# data[].attributes.body
Mr. Frederick is one of the neighboring farmers. He owns Pinchfield Farm and in chapter 4 he is described as tough, shrewd, and not trustworthy. Like Mr. Pilkington, he is worried about the animal rebellion that is happening. He doesn't take direct action in this chapter, but he is part of the group that spreads lies about Animal Farm, claiming that the animals are with eachother and starving. This shows that Mr. Frederick is seen as manipulative and opposed to the animals’ revolution.

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.alternative_text
Mr. Frederick from the story animal farm, spreading lies about animal farm

# data[].attributes.body
Initially ordinary farm dogs whose puppies are taken      by Napoleon and trained as his loyal enforcers.

# data[].attributes.body
Resolution: possible solution to a problem, voted on by an organisation

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.alternative_text
a pig with an idea revolutionary and with a light bulb over his head representing the idea

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.question
How was the word Leadership important in the story 

# data[].attributes.wish_content.attachment_props.poll_choices[].choice_text
describes the animal suffering under the human rule 

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soemthing used by pigs to manipulate other animals 

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the pigs role that in the future would turn out into corruption and abuse of power. 

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the main characters of chapter 3 are:

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Select your answer

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"All men are enemies. All animals are comrades."

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"All men are enemies. All animals are comrades."

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The pigs, Snowball and Napoleon, keep arguing more and more at the weekly meetings. Snowball is smart and great at talking. He often gets the other animals on his side, especially with his big plan to build a windmill. He says this windmill will bring electricity to the farm. But the windmill plan becomes the main fight between them. Snowball is all for it. But Napoleon is against it. He argues it's a waste of time and effort that should be spent on growing more food instead.

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Napoleon is a large, fierce-looking black boar. He's a cunning and power-hungry pig who doesn't talk much but always gets his way. 

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Boxer is a strong, hardworking horse in George Orwell's Animal Farm. He is known for his incredible strength, unwavering loyalty, and steadfast dedication to the farm's cause. Boxer adopts the motto "I will work harder" and is characterized by his simple, honest nature. Despite his physical strength and good intentions, Boxer’s naivety and blind trust in the pig leaders ultimately lead to his exploitation and tragic fate. His phrase, "Napoleon is always right," illustrates his unwavering faith in the farm’s leaders, symbolizing the blind obedience and suffering of the proletariat.

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large, horse that is strong and hard working. animal farm

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act of fighting against authority or rule. 

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rules or laws that people are told to do

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a big change where people or groups overthrow the current government 

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A vain and foolish white mare who enjoys human attention and luxuries, eventually abandoning the farm for a more comfortable life.

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A cynical, intelligent, and skeptical donkey who seldom speaks but is aware of the farm's changing dynamics.

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Mr. Pilkington is a side character that isn't really important. He was introduced to us in this chapter. He is "an easy-going gentleman farmer who spent most of his time in fishing or hunting according to the season." as described in the text. He is also the owner of Foxwood farm, which is described as "a large, neglected, old-fashioned farm, much overgrown by woodland, with all

its pastures worn out and its hedges in a disgraceful condition." in the text.

He was one of the men who fought in Battle of the Cowshed with Mr. Jones.

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"I have no wish to take life, not even human life".

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Mr. Jones was the owner of Manor Farm, and was overthrown by the animals. In Chapter 4, he tries to take control of the farm again by starting an attack with other farmers. But the animals led by Snowball defended the farm. This becomes known as the Battle of the Cowshed. Mr. Jones is described as weak, disorganized, and not respected anymore, destroying his figure of leader.

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Mr. Jones from animal farm attacking the animals from the farm to get control back

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"Snowball’s eloquence had carried them away."

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luent or persuasive speaking

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dole out:to give out sparingly or in small quantities

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a pig handing out little things to another pig with his hands

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The dogs...were the puppies whom Napoleon had taken away from their mothers and reared privately.”

Importance:
This is an example of indoctrination from a young age, the pups don't know that what they're doing is wrong, because they were raised to listen to Napoleon's every command, he raised loyal enforcers for them to never betray him.—a tactic used in a real authoritarian regime

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Chapter Four is mostly centered around the greatest battle that took place during the story so far.

It talks about the Battle of the Cowshed. The battle that took place in the Animal Farm, when Mr. Jones and other men came to try to retake it.

During the battle, after hard work, the animals managed to win and ended up killing a human, but a sheep also was killed.

After this, the battle ended and Napoleon together with Snowball awarded the other animals badges for their heroic deeds, the dead sheep, and Boxer won one each.

A while after that, they created a new tradition. To fire the gun they got from Mr. Jones, two times a year.

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Seclusion: to be hidden, in secret, not easily seen

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A gentle, caring, and maternal cart-horse who becomes increasingly disillusioned with the direction of the farm.

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In chapter 3 of Animal Farm, the animals were working hard to run the farm, the most impresive thing was that the learn how to read and write,following old major ideas. one bad thing that happen was that the pigs become the leaders,and started having privileges,and they use propaganda to justify special treatment.

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“Napoleon...lifted his leg, urinated over the plans, and walked out without uttering a word.”

Importance: It demonstrates that Napoleon lacks critical thinking, prioritizing power, and making his own choices. When others make choices that others might like or use, even if they are not his own, he'll attempt to sabotage them or claim them as his own. Napoleon uses dominance and disrespect to undermine Snowball. It foreshadows the coming dictatorship.

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A horse, strong, hardworking, and loyal cart-horse, whose personal mottos are "I will work harder" and "Napoleon is always right."

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Horse does something extraordinary! #racingtv #horseracing #sport #shorts

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Select the meaning of the word

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Snowball: An intelligent, passionate, and eloquent pig who initially co-leads the farm and advocates for innovations like the windmill before being ousted by Napoleon.

Squealer: A small, fat pig with a talent for persuasive speech, who serves as Napoleon's propagandist and mouthpiece.

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"He lifted his leg, urinated over the plans"

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discharge urine; pass water.

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"Man is the only creature that consumes without producing."

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"Man is the only creature that consumes without producing."

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3 men sitting on some chairs drinking milk and eating fried eggs. The men are middle-aged caucasian and have jeans and jackets on

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This was important during the development of the storybecuase many animals had difficulties reading so they simplified the commanders to this one slogan.

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“The sheep had taken to bleating ‘Four legs good, two legs bad’ both in and out of season…”

importance: This highlights how propaganda is used to drown out critical thinking and trying to talk over those with other ideas, be them bad or good. The sheep represent the brainwashed masses who easily fall for propaganda and only hear what their

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Welfare: an individual’s health and well-being

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A large, fierce-looking Berkshire boar who becomes one of the leaders of Animal Farm and eventually emerges as its tyrannical dictator.

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"All animals need to be ready to die for Animal Farm if need be"

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to give out sparingly or in small quantities

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 to be hidden, in secret, not easily seen

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an expression, usually a general truth or principle

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"Four legs good, two legs bad"

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The often drunk and neglectful farmer of Manor Farm, whose mismanagement and cruelty incite the animals to rebel.

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"The pigs, who were the cleverest of the animals"

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This was important becuase it showed the rise of the pigs as the leaders. This highlited their inteligence and eventual dominance over the other animals.

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a pig that is a mayor directing other animals

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scullery: a small kitchen or room at the back of a house used for washing dishes and other dirty household work.

seldom: not often; rarely.

grazing: grassland suitable for pasturage.

dwell: live in or at a specified place.

grumble: complain about something in a bad-tempered way.

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a horse and a donkey grazing calmly in a large pasture in a nice sunday morning

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Napoleon is a dark colored berkshire boar. Together with Snowball in chapter four, he is one of the pigs in command. He is a really aggressive, powerful, and competitive.

In chapter four, he was one of the main fighters during the battle of the cowshed.

In this chapter, Napoleon did have some development, since he realized the true power he held, not as an individual, but more as the leader of the Manor Farm, and that made him get a bit more tyrannical and greedy.

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A large berkshire boar, dark colored. He is big and aggressive

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Chapter 5 starts with Mollie, the horse. She just doesn't want to work and is caught getting treats from a human. Soon, she leaves the farm for good, showing that some animals cared more about the old ways than the new animal rules. This was an early sign that the animals weren't as united as they seemed.

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Mollie is a pretty, white mare (a female horse). She often wears red ribbons in her mane, which she's very fond of. Beyond her looks, she's quite lazy and vain, caring more about getting sugar and being petted than working or following the rules of Animal Farm.

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What is a tool or instrument used in doing work?

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Snowball is a large white pig. Snowball is one of the pigs in command during chapter four. He intellectual white pig whose leadership, dedication was unparalleled.

Snowball's leadership and knowleadge helped the animals win against the farmers during the battle that took place in Chapter 4.

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a large white colored pig. He is intellectual and a leader. Animal Farm

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The meaning of the world posthumously.

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An elderly and wise boar whose visionary speech about animal rebellion inspires the initial revolution against Mr. Jones.

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Mollie: Mollie is a white mare described to be foolish, stupid, and one who loves humans and their things. Mollie loves ribbons and being petted.

During chapter four, Mollie wasn't present at the battle, because she was scared and didn't want to fight the humans, since she was still a bit fond of and attached to them.

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a white mare, with a ribbon and a stripe on her head.  Animal Farm.

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"The only good human being is a dead one"

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“Hidden under the straw was a little pile of lump sugar and several bunches of ribbon…”

Importance: This moment shows us that Mollie had stopped caring about animalism long ago, and only cared about herself interests and what would benefit her; showing she doesn't align with the principals of animalism, which preached about everyone being equal, but she doesn't want to be equal, she wants the sugar and ribbons she only had.

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Select the meaning of the word