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List of a wave of Educational Initiative

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List of a wave of Educational Initiative

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D2.4 List of a wave of Educational Initiatives

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Kolb’s theory of experiential learning stands out for its multifaceted approach. It integrates a four-stage learning cycle with a framework for understanding learning styles.

This provides us with a powerful foundation for learning and development by describing the ideal processes where knowledge is created through experience.

As a result, Kolb’s theory has influenced the work of teachers, instructional designers and L&D professionals around the globe.

This theory’s also research-backed. A 2021 study shows that students exposed to Kolb’s learning approach demonstrated improved understanding compared to traditional methods. Indeed, experiential learning has been shown to increase knowledge retention by as much as 70%.

The theory invites educators and learners alike to understand different learning styles, making it a useful guide for designing effective training interventions.

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Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory combines a four-stage learning cycle with four learning styles. It provides a powerful foundation for learning and development by describing the ideal processes where knowledge is created through experience.

As a result, Kolb's theory has influenced the work of teachers, instructional designers and L&D professionals around the globe. The theory invites educators and learners alike to understand different learning styles, making it a useful guide for designing effective training interventions.

This article breaks down both parts of the theory. It also describes how the theory is typically applied in a learning and development context. But first, let's go back to the beginning!

Who Is David Kolb?

David A. Kolb is an American psychologist, professor and educational theorist. He was born in December 1939 in Illinois, United States. Today, Kolb is best known for his work in experiential learning. In fact, Kolb's learning styles model was one of the first tools for evaluating individual learning preferences.

Early Life & Education

Research Career

Kolb's educational background helped him develop an interest in finding the best fit for individual learners. This interest eventually bloomed into his experiential learning theory. Kolb's work was influenced by the work of other theorists, including , and Jean Piaget .

Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development ( , )

Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach (6th Edition) ( )

Innovation in Professional Education: Steps on a Journey from Teaching to Learning ( )

Conversational Learning: An Experiential Approach to Knowledge Creation ( )

The Experiential Educator: Principles and Practices of Experiential Learning ( )

How You Learn Is How You Live: Using Nine Ways of Learning to Transform Your Life ( )

Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory

Kolb suggested that learning requires the acquisition of abstract concepts that can then be applied flexibly in a wide range of situations. Therefore, knowledge is created through the transformation of experience.

Let's start by exploring the four stages of learning, referred to as the Experiential Learning Cycle.

Kolb's Experiential Learning Cycle

As we have gathered, experiences are at the core of Kolb's theory. According to him, learners must change or transform something in order to learn. As such, memorisation or recollection does not equal learning, as this process does not improve or reshape our understanding. And as a result, the learner has not gained any additional value.

Kolb created the Experiential Learning Cycle in 1974. The four-stage model views learning as an integrated process. All four stages are mutually supportive because Kolb believes that effective learning is a cyclic process that involves experiencing, reflecting, thinking and acting.

The model describes two ways of grasping knowledge. These are concrete experiences and abstract conceptualisation. The other two modes, reflective observation and active experimentation, help learners transform their experience into knowledge. Each of these stages acts as a foundation for the next stage.

As such, Kolb's experiential learning cycle highlights how learners change as a result of experience, reflection, conceptualisation and experimentation. According to the cycle, learning occurs when an individual comes across an experience and reflects upon it. This leads to an analysis and formulation of abstract concepts. Learners can then experiment with their hypotheses in various situations.

1. Concrete Experience (CE)

Kolb believed that the key to learning lies in involvement. According to him, it's not enough for learners to just read or watch demonstrations to acquire new knowledge. As such, each learner should actively engage in an experience. This could involve being exposed to a new task or a new way of carrying out a project they are already familiar with.

2. Reflective Observation (RO)

For most individuals, this is where seeing and doing transforms into the real-time absorption of new information. In practice, this could mean a situation where a person is shown how to accomplish a goal. They then look at how it could be applied in different circumstances.

Communication is vital as it allows learners to identify any discrepancies between their understanding and the experience itself. Discussing the experience with others helps to ease the reflection process by introducing other points of view.

At this stage, learners will also try to place the experience alongside other previous experiences to look for patterns or notable differences. This helps them to reflect on the discrepancy and gap between their understanding and the experience itself.

3. Abstract Conceptualisation (AC)

Learners move from reflective observation to abstract conceptualisation when they begin to classify concepts and form conclusions on the events that occurred. As such, abstract conceptualisation gives learners the chance to assess how their new ideas can be applied in the real world.

They can do so by interpreting the experience and making comparisons to their current understanding of the concept. When learners return to a task, they can then return with the goal of applying their conclusions to new experiences.

In other words, they generate abstract principles that they can apply to future situations. After all, the focus lies in drawing conclusions and learning lessons based on the experience.

This shows us that information is a lot easier to retain, if it is relevant to our lives and we are given an opportunity to apply it.

4. Active Experimentation (AE)

As such, this stage offers an opportunity for learners to test out their new ideas and lessons gathered from the experience. By actively experimenting with different concepts, individuals can learn how to associate what they have experienced with new ideas and innovations.

This experimentation results in new concrete experiences that effectively trigger the beginning of the next cycle. After all, life effectively amounts to a series of interlinked experiences.

Making the Most of the Cycle

Even though concrete experiences are at the top of the cycle, learners can enter it at any stage and follow it through its logical sequence. However, as each stage is dependent on the others, learners must complete them all to develop new knowledge.

As such, learners should complete the cycle in its entirety to ensure that effective knowledge transfer takes place. In fact, according to Kolb, no one stage of the cycle is effective on its own.

Instead, learners must complete all four stages of experiencing, reflecting, thinking and acting to develop new knowledge. And with each new experience, learners are able to integrate their new observations with their current understanding.

The Learning Cycle in Practice

It's always easier to understand a theory when it's presented with some practical examples. So, imagine you have just attempted to bake banana bread for the first time.

After removing your supposedly delicious banana bread from the oven, you notice that it is burnt from the top but still raw inside ( concrete experience ). Oh dear!

You then proceed to review the steps you took when baking and check them against the recipe, to see if you had followed the instructions carefully ( reflective observation).

Based on your reflection, you can determine that your oven was too hot, and you needed to bake the banana bread for longer but at a lower temperature ( abstract conceptualisation).

Still craving some mouth-watering baked goods, you decide to throw out the first attempt and start again. This time you are careful to adjust the temperature and baking time ( active experimentation ). Your second attempt will result in a new concrete experience, and the cycle of learning continues.

According to Kolb, there are two goals in the experiential learning process. One is to learn the specifics of a particular subject, and the other is to learn about one's own learning process.

Considering our example, you will now have learnt some specifics about baking. Furthermore, you will have also learnt something about how you build your baking knowledge. This happens through trial and error, as you experiment with various different factors and reflect on the results to try and achieve a desired goal.

Individual Preferences

As such, Kolb noted that people who are considered 'watchers' prefer reflective observation. 'Doers', on the other hand, are more likely to engage in active experimentation.

Based on these differences, Kolb expanded his experiential learning cycle. These preferences now serve as the basis for Kolb's Learning Styles. Let's have a look!

Kolb's Learning Styles

While Kolb's four stages of learning work together to create a learning process, some individuals prefer certain components over others. In fact, one may depend heavily on concrete and reflective experiences but choose to spend less time on the abstract and active stages. Because of this, Kolb identified four unique learning styles that are based on the four-stage learning cycle we highlighted previously.

According to him, our learning style preference is actually the result of two pairs of variables. This can be seen as two separate 'choices' that we make. Kolb represents each stage of the learning cycle along these two intersecting axes.

The horizontal axis is called the Processing Continuum, and the vertical axis is the Perception Continuum . In Kolb's view, learners cannot perform both variables on a single axis at the same time (e.g. think and feel).

Attempting to do so can create an internal conflict. Learners resolve this by making an unconscious choice. This naturally determines the learner's favoured learning style.

The Processing Continuum describes our emotional response or how we make information meaningful. Learners choose a way to transform and process their experiences. This can be through doing (active experimentation) or watching (reflective observation).

The Perception Continuum, on the other hand, focuses on how we approach a task. On this continuum, learners choose how to grasp information. This can be through feeling (concrete experience) or thinking (abstract conceptualisation).

These distinct styles of learning each involve an emphasis on two phases of the learning cycle. They are often easier to understand when presented in a table, like below:

1. Diverging (CE/RO)

Individuals with diverging learning styles tend to have broad cultural interests and like to gather information. They love to gather information and use their imagination to solve problems. These learners tend to excel in humanities, social sciences and liberal arts.

So, in a nutshell, they prefer to watch or feel rather than do. Based on this, their learning preferences are concrete experience (CE) and reflective observation (RO).

2. Assimilating (AC/RO)

An assimilating learning style could also be seen as the 'think and watch' style. After all, the individual's learning characteristics are abstract conceptualisation (AC) and reflective observation (RO).

Individuals with an assimilating learning style excel at understanding a wide range of information and organising it in a logical format. As a result, learners with this style tend to be more attracted to logically sound theories. And perhaps unsurprisingly, they often focus on careers in mathematics and science.

Their strength lies in assimilating diverse observations into a concise, logical theory or explanation. These learners tend to be more interested in the soundness and precision of ideas rather than in their practical value.

This learning style emphasises reasoning. Learners with this set of preferences are great at reviewing data and assessing experiences as a whole. In learning interventions, these learners prefer reading, lectures, exploring analytical models and having the time to think and analyse information.

3. Converging (AC/AE)

Individuals with a converging learning style are good problem solvers and will use their learning to find solutions to practical issues. They can then apply their ideas to new experiences.

Their strength is in applying theories and abstract concepts to real-world problems and practical situations. Convergers tend to prefer instructional techniques like workbooks or worksheets, computer-based tasks and interactive activities that require problem-solving.

4. Accommodating (CE/AE)

These learners prefer to take a practical and experiential approach where they can discover the answers for themselves. This sometimes includes trial and error, rather than engaging in logical analysis.

Their greatest strength lies in doing things and making things happen. In other words, they take initiative, set goals and actively work to achieve them, even if that means relying on their 'gut' instinct rather than analysis. Learners with an accommodating learning style are not afraid of challenges, as they seek new experiences and opportunities.

Similarly, they are often able to alter their path based on the circumstances and generally have good people skills. Based on these characteristics, accommodators tend to perform well in fields such as business, sales and marketing.

Accommodators prefer instructional techniques that allow them to actively engage in a task and promote independent discovery and thinking.

Criticism of Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory

For instance, it has faced claims that the theory is too simple. While Kolb presented clearly defined stages, learning is rarely ever so 'neat and tidy' in real life. Instead of each stage feeding into the next stage, learners may sometimes need to return to previous stages.

In fact, based on research , our self-defined learning style does not seem to have any real impact on our educational outcomes. Similarly, learners are unlikely to have a single learning style . We, too, have explored the issue with learning styles .

Despite this, there's a reason for the theory's popularity. The theory can be applied to various contexts successfully. Let's explore three common use cases.

Applications of Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory

Both Kolb's learning styles and cycle are used in various different industries to identify strengths, weaknesses and preferences.

1. Classroom

As such, L&D professionals and teachers alike should ensure that they design a wide range of experiential activities. They then need to carry these activities out in a manner that offers each learner the chance to engage, regardless of their learning styles and preferences.

These different experiential learning tasks help educators to guide learners through the whole learning cycle in sequence, as instructed by Kolb. However, educators must recognise that learners may be at different stages of the cycle.

For instance, a group discussion could form a new concrete experience for one learner and act as an opportunity for reflective observation for others. It's essential to provide freedom and not to limit the learning experience to the stage that educators perceive them to be.

Creating training interventions that reflect all four components of the learning cycle is an ideal approach . This helps support each student's learning preference, which increases the likelihood that they will engage with their content.

Similarly, it challenges learners to develop their non-dominant learning modes. This enables them to approach future learning situations with greater flexibility and confidence.

2. Coaching and Mentoring

Whilst you'll want to ensure each stage of the cycle is checked off, you may also want to spend more time at stages that align with their designated style of learning. The inherent preferences linked to each learning style should help to inform your design choices.

For instance, if you're dealing with an accommodator, you should provide plenty of opportunities for practical experimentation. As such, the characteristics of each learning style can then be used to personalise any learning interventions to ensure they can complete the four stages of Kolb's learning cycle.

3. Business

However, just as in an educational context, sales and marketing representatives should take care to use various types of demonstrations, explanations and presentations to cater for all styles. This helps to meet everybody's needs and provides plenty of opportunities for prospects to experience, think, reflect and (hopefully) act.

Experiential eLearning

Adding gamification elements like Experience Points (XP), , and Leaderboards , on the other hand, is an effective way to cater to learners whose strengths lie in concrete experiences.

They also prefer role-plays and group activities. Adding social learning features like and Social Feeds helps to provide a platform for these kinds of collaborative discussions and projects.

However, it's essential to keep in mind that this does not suit everyone. For example, students who prefer abstract conceptualisation learn better by reading, listening to well-organised explanations, and studying alone.

Final Words

There you have it! Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory and its two parts. Applying Kolb's learning theory has benefits for students, educators and employers. After all, it highlights the value of our experiences, breaks down the different stages of learning and introduces various learning styles and their characteristics.
If you would like to learn more about experiential learning, or other learning theories and models, make sure to download our guidebook!

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What Is Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory?

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Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory combines a four-stage learning cycle with four learning styles. It provides a powerful foundation for learning and development by describing the ideal processes where knowledge is created through experience. As a result, Kolb's theory has influenced the work of teachers, instructional designers and L&D professionals around the globe.

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System. We hear and use the word all the time. “There’s no sense in trying to buck the system,” we might say. Or, “This job’s getting out of control, I’ve got to establish a system.” Whether you are aware of it or not, you are a member of many systems – a family, a community, a church, a company. You yourself are a complex biological system comprising many smaller systems. And every day, you probably interact with dozens of systems, such as automobiles, retail stores, the organization you work for, etc. But what exactly is a system? How would we know one if we saw one, and why is it important to understand systems? Most important, how can we manage our organizations more effectively by understanding systems?

This volume explores these questions and introduces the principles and practice of a quietly growing field: systems thinking. With roots in disciplines as varied as biology, cybernetics, and ecology, systems thinking provides a way of looking at how the world works that differs markedly from the traditional reductionistic, analytic view. Why is a systemic perspective an important complement to analytic thinking? One reason is that understanding how systems work – and how we play a role in them – lets us function more effectively and proactively within them. The more we understand systemic behavior, the more we can anticipate that behavior and work with systems (rather than being controlled by them) to shape the quality of our lives.

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System. We hear and use the word all the time. "There's no sense in trying to buck the system," we might say. Or, "This job's getting out of control, I've got to establish a system." Whether you are aware of it or not, you are a member of many systems - a family, a community, a church, a company. You yourself are a complex biological system comprising many smaller systems. And every day, you probably interact with dozens of systems, such as automobiles, retail stores, the organization you work for, etc. But what exactly is a system? How would we know one if we saw one, and why is it important to understand systems? Most important, how can we manage our organizations more effectively by understanding systems?

This volume explores these questions and introduces the principles and practice of a quietly growing field: systems thinking. With roots in disciplines as varied as biology, cybernetics, and ecology, systems thinking provides a way of looking at how the world works that differs markedly from the traditional reductionistic, analytic view. Why is a systemic perspective an important complement to analytic thinking? One reason is that understanding how systems work - and how we play a role in them - lets us function more effectively and proactively within them. The more we understand systemic behavior, the more we can anticipate that behavior and work with systems (rather than being controlled by them) to shape the quality of our lives.

It's been said that systems thinking is one of the key management competencies for the 21st century. As our world becomes ever more tightly interwoven globally and as the pace of change continues to increase, we will all need to become increasingly "system-wise." This volume gives you the language and tools you need to start applying systems thinking principles and practices in your own organization.

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Introduction to Systems Thinking - The Systems Thinker

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System. We hear and use the word all the time. "There's no sense in trying to buck the system," we might say. Or, "This job's getting out of control, I've got to establish a system." Whether you are aware of it or not, you are a member of many systems - a family, a community, [...]

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Education for sustainable development (ESD) is UNESCO’s education sector response to the urgent and dramatic challenges the planet faces. The collective activities of human beings have altered the earth’s ecosystems so that our very survival seems in danger because of changes more difficult to reverse every day. To contain global warming before it reaches catastrophic levels means addressing environmental, social and economic issues in a holistic way. UNESCO’s ESD for 2030 education programme aims to bring about the personal and societal transformation that is necessary to change course.

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Empowerment through knowledge, skills and values to protect the planet

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Important Frameworks: Second - CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)

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Important Frameworks: Second - CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)

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Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. CITES is an international agreement, signed by 184 parties in 1973, designed to ensure that international trade in animals and plants does not threaten their survival in the wild.

CITES regulates trade in specimens of over 38,000 species. It contains strict conditions under which international trade can be authorized through the issuance of export permits or licences. The Convention was adopted in 1973 and entered into force on 1 July 1975. At the time of writing, CITES has 184 parties and regulates all major markets of the world.

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Important Frameworks - First: Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

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Important Frameworks - First: Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

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The objective is to conserve biological diversity, promote sustainable use of its components, and ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources.

The Convention on Biological Diversity, known informally as the Biodiversity Convention, is a multilateral treaty. The Convention has three main goals: the conservation of biological diversity; the sustainable use of its components; and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources.

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Home | Convention on Biological Diversity

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The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is the first global agreement to cover all aspects of biological diversity: the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources.

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Water Treatment Services is a leading independent UK based industrial water treatment company and environmental services specialist delivering expert advice, engineering support solutions and world-class consulting services across a range of specialist disciplines involving the use and management of water, wastewater, air and energy.

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Water Treatment Services offer a comprehensive range of specialist industrial water treatment and water safety solutions that bring together the expertise of trained water management professionals with the latest high performance water treatment techniques to deliver real performance, reliability, cost and safety improvements to our clients.

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Our water hygiene solutions include specialist water disinfection and legionella control procedures for the management of waterborne pathogens including pseudomonas and Legionnaires' disease. We also offer a full range of engineering support solutions including water softeners and reverse osmosis installations, cooling tower cleaning and maintenance, water tank refurbishment and replacement, and specialist coatings for tank relining ... water treatment →

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Water Treatment, Wastewater, Air and Energy | Water Treatment Services

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Water Treatment Services is an industrial water treatment, wastewater treatment, indoor air quality & energy specialist serving UK & international markets.

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Discover the European Commission’s proposals to transform the EU into a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy while reaching climate neutrality by 2050.

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European Union has developed a robust framework of policies to guide its energy sector towards sustainability, energy security, and competitiveness. The key guiding policies for energy in the EU include:

Renewable Energy Directive: Establishes an overall policy for the production and promotion of energy from renewable sources in the EU. It sets ambitious targets to achieve a 32% share for renewable energy by 2030.

Energy Efficiency Directive: Aims to reduce energy consumption through improvements in energy efficiency across all sectors of the economy, including specific targets to reduce EU energy consumption by at least 32.5% by 2030.

Clean Energy for All Europeans Package: A comprehensive package of legislation that covers energy efficiency, renewable energy, the design of the electricity market, security of electricity supply, and governance rules for the Energy Union.

EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS): The world's first major carbon market and remains the biggest one. It regulates about 40% of total EU greenhouse gas emissions and covers approximately 11,000 power stations and manufacturing plants in the EU.

2030 Climate & Energy Framework: Sets three key targets for the year 2030: a minimum 40% cut in greenhouse gas emissions compared to 1990 levels, at least a 32% share of renewable energy, and at least a 32.5% improvement in energy efficiency.

European Green Deal: Aims to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent by 2050, with a sustainable economy that leaves no one behind. This deal includes ambitious policies across all sectors to ensure reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.

Energy Union Strategy: Integrates Europe’s energy markets and systems more closely, ensures energy supply security, reduces dependence on external suppliers, and creates a sustainable, low-carbon, and environmentally friendly economy.

These policies collectively steer the EU towards a sustainable energy future, emphasizing the transition to renewable energy, increasing energy efficiency, and reducing carbon emissions across member states.

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SALTO-YOUTH - European Training Strategy (ETS)

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Sustaining quality youth work through competence-based capacity building for youth workers, trainers and staff of the National Agencies of the EU Youth Programmes.

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GreenComp: the European sustainability competence framework

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GreenComp is a reference framework for sustainability competences. It provides a common ground to learners and guidance to educators, advancing a...

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A 5 year program promoting the adoption of renewable energy and enhancing energy efficiency solutions by Tunisian firms, while strengthening the capabilities of key stakeholders in the sector to effectively prepare for, implement, and manage the transition to clean energy. The services include: Energy audits, energy-related transactions, assistance in accessing grants and incentives available for clean energy initiatives, in-Kind support, policy & legal advisory, pre-feasibility studies, encouraginh creative solutions...

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At Power Tunisia, we are dedicated to driving the adoption of renewable energy and energy efficiency practices in Tunisia. Our mission is to empower the Tunisian private sector and facilitate the transition towards a cleaner, more sustainable, and economically prosperous energy landscape.

We understand the unique challenges and opportunities faced by businesses and organizations in the renewable energy and energy efficiency sectors. That's why we offer a comprehensive range of services tailored to meet your specific needs and goals.

Our services are designed to accelerate your clean energy projects and maximize their impact. Whether you require targeted technical consulting assistance, grant funding, or capacity building opportunities, we are here to support you at every stage.

By partnering with Power Tunisia, you gain access to a team of experts who are committed to providing you with the guidance, resources, and support necessary to achieve success in your journey towards sustainable energy practices.

Take a closer look at our services below and discover how Power Tunisia can help you unlock new opportunities, enhance competitiveness, and contribute to the long-term development of Tunisia's clean energy future.

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At Power Tunisia, we are dedicated to driving the adoption of renewable energy and energy efficiency practices in Tunisia. Our mission is to empower the Tunisian private sector and facilitate the transition towards a cleaner, more sustainable, and economically prosperous energy landscape.

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The EU's guiding policies for biodiversity are structured around several key legislative frameworks and strategies:

EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030:

Part of the European Green Deal, aiming to protect nature and reverse the degradation of ecosystems.

Birds Directive and Habitats Directive:

Form the cornerstone of the EU's nature conservation policy, establishing the Natura 2000 network of protected areas.

EU Regulation on Invasive Alien Species:

Aims to address the issue of invasive species which threaten native biodiversity.

Green Infrastructure Strategy:

Promotes the use of natural processes for ecological, economic, and social benefits.

EU Pollinators Initiative:

Seeks to address the decline of pollinators in the EU and the threat this poses to biodiversity and food production.

Water Framework Directive and Marine Strategy Framework Directive:

Ensure that aquatic ecosystems are protected and that water quality and marine environments meet sustainable standards.

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unhabitat.org/waste-wise-good-practices

In this section you will find some good examples and practices from the world of solid waste management.

The practices have been selected through a variety of processes, such as different international award schemes, calls for submissions, etc. and undergone a review process to ensure their quality. https://unhabitat.org/waste-wise-good-practices
Get inspired from others for your next project to support your city to improve its municipal solid waste management system and contribute to tackle the global waste crisis.

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unhabitat.org/waste-wise-toolkits-and-guides

Different toolkits and guides that have been developed by Waste Wise Cities, its partners and other institutions.

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SERVICE: A list of services related to Biodiversity

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SERVICE: A list of services related to Biodiversity

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From the air we breathe to the food we eat, our very existence depends on the intricate web of ecosystem services that support life on Earth. In this blog, we will dive into the wonders of 10 vital ecosystem services and their profound significance to all life on Earth.

Ecosystem services encompass the multitude of benefits that natural ecosystems offer to humans and the environment. These services can be categorised into provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting services. Each category plays a vital role in maintaining the delicate balance of our planet's ecosystems and supporting human wellbeing.

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From the air we breathe to the food we eat, our very existence depends on the intricate web of ecosystem services that support life on Earth. In this blog, we will dive into the wonders of 10 vital ecosystem services and their profound significance to all life on Earth. Join us as we unravel ecosystems' essential functions and highlight their crucial role in sustaining our planet.
Wildlife crowd around a watering hole in Etosha National Park in Namibia.
What are ecosystem services: defining the foundations of life
10 Vital ecosystem services.
Ecosystem services encompass the multitude of benefits that natural ecosystems offer to humans and the environment. These services can be categorised into provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting services. Each category plays a vital role in maintaining the delicate balance of our planet's ecosystems and supporting human wellbeing.

Provisioning services

1. Freshwater supply: nurturing life's thirst

Freshwater supply is an essential ecosystem service that nurtures life's thirst and sustains the wellbeing of all species. It plays a vital role in providing clean water for drinking, from water purification to water retention, irrigation, and industrial processes. Freshwater sources, such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and underground aquifers, serve as lifelines for human civilisations, supporting daily needs and enabling agricultural productivity. Only 3% of all water on Earth is fresh water, with even less accessible for human use.

Wetlands such as marshes and swamps act as natural filters, removing pollutants and impurities from the water as it flows through. This natural filtering process not only provides us with clean drinking water but also helps to prevent water-borne diseases.

Healthy ecosystems also play a crucial role in retaining freshwater through the natural water cycle. Trees, plants, and other vegetation help regulate water flow, minimising the risk of floods and drought.

Salt marshes and marine ecosystems are also essential components of our freshwater supply. These saltwater environments help to regulate the salinity levels of coastal waters, preventing saltwater intrusion into freshwater sources.

Marine conservation efforts are crucial in maintaining the health of our ecosystems as they are all interconnected. Pollution, overfishing, and climate change are all significant threats to our freshwater supply, and we must take collective action to preserve these vital ecosystem services.
Sunrise in Pantanal, Brazil. Pantanal is the world's largest wetland.
The significance of fresh water goes beyond human consumption. It also maintains the delicate balance of ecosystems and supports diverse aquatic and terrestrial organisms. However, the availability and quality of fresh water face increasing threats, including pollution, overuse, and climatic impacts. To ensure the continuous provision of clean and abundant fresh water, it is crucial to protect water sources, promote sustainable water management practices, and raise awareness about the importance of preserving this precious resource for present and future generations.

2. Food production: harvesting nature's bounty

Food production, driven by the collaborative efforts of farmers, ranchers, and fishers, enables us to harvest nature's bountiful offerings and sustain our global food supply. Around 80% of the world's food is produced by family farms (that is, farms of less than 2 hectares in size). Agriculture and fisheries serve as the backbone of food production, ensuring there is enough nourishing sustenance to meet the needs of a growing population. Marine ecosystems play a crucial role in food production, providing a source of protein for billions of people worldwide, with fish representing about 17% of the global meat intake.

According to the World Wildlife Fund( WWF ), agriculture is the leading pollution source in many countries. The pesticides, fertilisers, and other toxic chemicals used pollute the soil, water, and air and can remain in the environment for many generations. Moreover, agricultural practices have proven notoriously unsustainable and have contributed to the homogenisation of the world's ecosystems. However, through sustainable farming practices , like regenerative farming, agroforestry, and crop rotation, agriculture can harness the Earth's power to yield more abundant harvests more sustainably.

Similarly, fisheries are a prominent resource-depleting industry, harvesting vast amounts of fish from our oceans, lakes, and rivers. However, through responsible fish and seafood harvesting and aquaculture, this industry can become more sustainable and continue to provide the world with a vital source of protein.
Freshly picked carrot from Brazilian agroforestry.
The adoption of sustainable practices in the agricultural and fisheries industry, along with nature conservation, is thus essential for maintaining healthy ecosystems and promoting sustainable food production. Farmers and fishers who rely on natural resources must be aware of their impact on the environment and take steps to minimise such impact. By adopting more sustainable practices, we can ensure these provisioning services are environmentally friendly and economically viable and can address our basic nutritional requirements, continue to provide for a growing population, and support local economies, livelihoods, and food security on a global scale.

Genetic resources are vital in ensuring that crops and livestock are resilient to environmental stressors and can adapt to changing climate conditions. By preserving genetic diversity, we take steps to ensure that our food systems remain robust in the face of future challenges.

Regulating services

3. Climate regulation: nature's cooling system

One of nature's most vital ecosystem services is climate regulation. This service refers to the natural processes that regulate the climate on Earth. Forests, oceans, and wetlands act as natural climate regulators, absorbing and storing large amounts of carbon dioxide, acting as huge carbon sinks. They play a critical role in maintaining a stable climate for the wellbeing of all species. Forests sequester carbon dioxide through photosynthesis, oceans absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis by plant-like organisms (like phytoplankton), and wetlands store significant amounts of carbon in their soils and vegetation.

Carbon dioxide emissions absorb and radiate heat, therefore contributing to changing climates. The carbon sequestration provided by these carbon sinks therefore helps reduce greenhouse gas concentrations and mitigate climate change.

Marine and coastal ecosystems, such as mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrass beds, play a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate. These ecosystems absorb and store large amounts of carbon dioxide. Moreover, they also help to prevent coastal erosion and protect against storm surges and flooding.

Coral reefs are another important ecosystem that contributes to regulating the Earth's climate. Coral reefs are known as the 'rainforests of the sea' due to their high biodiversity. They also help to regulate the Earth's climate by absorbing and storing large amounts of carbon dioxide. However, coral reefs are under threat due to climate change and other human activities such as overfishing, pollution, and coastal development. Therefore, marine conservation efforts are vital to protect and restore these ecosystems.

Moreover, climate regulating services provide intermediate services that are also important to human wellbeing. For example, climate regulation helps to maintain the Earth's temperature, which is essential for agriculture and food security. It also reduces the incidence of natural disasters such as floods, droughts, and hurricanes.

The stable climate these ecosystems maintain is vital for preserving habitats, biodiversity, and the continuity of essential ecosystem services that support human societies. Protecting and restoring these ecosystems is thus crucial for ensuring a healthy planet and the wellbeing of all species.

Aerial view of a creek in salt marshes.

4. Water regulation: balancing nature

Water regulation is an essential ecosystem service that involves balancing and managing water flow in natural systems. The natural world provides many ways to regulate and balance water, from salt marshes to coral reefs. These natural systems play a vital role in maintaining our planet's water cycle, which is essential for all life forms.
Read more: Water conservation: protecting nature's liquid gold Caribbean coral reef off the coast of the island of Bonaire.
Salt marshes, for example, act as natural sponges that retain floodwaters and prevent coastal erosion. They are also crucial habitats for many species of fish and birds. Coastal ecosystems also provide vital protection against hurricanes and storms, which are becoming more frequent and severe due to climate change.

Coral reefs are another critical ecosystem that helps regulate water. They act as natural filters that remove impurities from seawater, providing clean water for marine life and humans. They also protect coastlines from storms and provide a home for over 25% of all marine life.
Ladybugs climbing a plant.
Freshwater ecosystems such as watersheds and wetlands are vital in regulating water by acting as natural buffers, purifying water sources, and reducing the risk of floods. Watersheds, with their intricate network of rivers, streams, and underground aquifers, help to capture, store, and distribute water resources. Wetlands act as natural sponges, absorbing excess water during heavy rainfall and slowly releasing it during dry periods, thus maintaining a more balanced water flow.

These ecosystem processes not only provide water security for human communities but also support the diverse array of species that depend on these habitats for their survival. Protecting and restoring these water-regulating ecosystems through freshwater and marine conservation efforts is essential for sustaining water availability, reducing the impacts of floods, safeguarding biodiversity, and ensuring the resilience of ecosystems and human societies in the face of changing climates.

5. Pest regulation: nature's pest control

Pest regulation is a vital ecosystem service provided by nature, acting as a natural pest control system. Ecosystems and their biodiversity maintain a delicate balance where various species, including predators, parasites, and pathogens, help regulate pest populations. By preying on or controlling pests, these natural enemies play a crucial role in preventing pest outbreaks and minimising the need for chemical interventions. Many species of birds, mammals, and insects, like ladybugs and wasps, play a role in controlling pests, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and agricultural pests like aphids and caterpillars.

The concept of ecosystem services recognises the importance of these interactions and the benefits they provide to humans. For instance, the natural control of pests reduces the need for synthetic pesticides, which negatively impact the environment and human health. Invasive species can also disrupt these interactions and lead to a decline in pest control services.

Forest services, such as maintaining healthy forests and conserving biodiversity, are vital in pest regulation. Forests are home to many species that regulate pest populations. For example, bats feed on insects, and woodpeckers feed on tree-dwelling insect larvae.

Pest regulation is a critical ecosystem service. We need to better understand and value the relationships between ecosystem services, the impact of invasive species, and the importance of forest services. We must also take steps to preserve natural habitats, such as forests and grasslands, and promote biodiversity, which is essential to maintaining robust pest regulation services. By embracing nature's pest control mechanisms, we can foster sustainable agriculture, minimise environmental impacts, and protect the health of ecosystems and human populations.

Cultural services

6. Recreation and tourism: nature's playground

Cultural services provided by ecosystems include recreation and tourism, offering a gateway to nature's playground. Ecosystems, from pristine beaches to majestic mountains and serene forests, provide opportunities for outdoor activities, relaxation, and rejuvenation. Nature-based recreational activities such as hiking, camping, wildlife watching, and water sports not only promote physical and mental wellbeing but also foster a deep connection with the natural world.

Moreover, these natural landscapes serve as popular tourist destinations, attracting visitors from around the globe and contributing to local economies. Consequently, recreation and tourism are vital ecosystem services that provide numerous benefits to human wellbeing and contribute to the ecosystem services concept. By appreciating, protecting, and responsibly enjoying these natural services, we can create a harmonious balance between human recreation, conservation efforts, and preserving natural wonders for future generations to experience and cherish.

7. Aesthetic and spiritual value: finding serenity in nature's beauty

While ecosystem service provision can often be quantified in terms of economic benefits, cultural ecosystem services are a more intangible but equally important aspect of sustaining life on Earth. One of these cultural services is the aesthetic and spiritual value that nature provides.

From breathtaking sunsets over the ocean to the tranquil serenade of birdsongs in a lush forest, the sights, sounds, and scents of nature profoundly affect our wellbeing. Many people find solace and peace in the beauty of nature. Studies have shown that connecting with natural landscapes has a profound impact on our mental and emotional wellbeing, helping to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. It can also evoke feelings of awe, wonder, and tranquillity, providing a respite from the stresses of daily life.

Moreover, nature is also a source of spiritual inspiration for many cultures around the world. From indigenous communities to organised religions, nature plays a central role in providing a sense of connection to something greater than ourselves. Whether it's a sacred grove, a pilgrimage to a mountaintop, or a prayer in a tranquil garden, nature offers a space for contemplation and reflection.

Preserving and experiencing the aesthetic and spiritual value of ecosystems allows us to cultivate a deeper appreciation for the wonders of our planet and the profound connection we share with the natural world.

Masai woman. Part of Corekees' Bee Project visit in Laikipia North, Kenya.

8. Educational and scientific value: lessons from the natural world

As stated by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), this ecosystem service 'refers to the knowledge, skills, and inspiration that nature provides to support learning, creativity, innovation, and scientific research.'

Ecosystems hold immense educational and scientific value, offering us a wealth of knowledge and insights into the intricacies of the living world. They serve as living classrooms, providing opportunities for hands-on learning and discovery. From studying diverse species and their interrelationships to understanding ecosystem dynamics and ecological processes, ecosystems offer a vast array of research possibilities.

Through ecosystem service studies and the ecosystem services approach, we have a greater understanding of the importance of nature as a teacher and provider of scientific knowledge. The natural world provides countless examples of complex systems, patterns, and processes that can be studied and applied to various fields of science, medicine, and technology. For instance, researchers can learn about the mechanics of photosynthesis and apply it to solar energy technology. Studies of animal behaviour and communication have even inspired advancements in robotics.

Additionally, the cultural ecosystem services provided by nature have educational and scientific value as well. Indigenous knowledge and practices passed down through generations can offer insights into the relationships between humans and nature. This knowledge can inform conservation efforts and sustainable practices.

By delving into the scientific exploration of ecosystems, we uncover valuable information that informs conservation efforts, guides sustainable resource management, and expands our understanding of the natural world. Additionally, ecosystems inspire curiosity, fostering a sense of wonder and appreciation for the complex web of life. Nurturing the educational and scientific value of ecosystems ensures that future generations can continue to learn from and be inspired by the living world, paving the way for innovative solutions to environmental challenges and a deeper understanding of our place within the natural realm.

Herd of elephants crossing a river in Chobe National Park, Botswana.

Supporting services

9. Biodiversity conservation: preserving life's variety
Read more: 7 Strategies for protecting wildlife
Biodiversity conservation is a critical ecosystem service preserving the incredible variety of life on Earth. Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, and their interactions with each other and their environment. Biodiversity is essential for maintaining the balance of ecosystems and providing the goods and services that support human wellbeing.

Ecosystems thrive on the intricate interactions between different species, each playing a unique role in maintaining ecological balance. From the smallest microorganisms to majestic apex predators, every organism contributes to the resilience and stability of ecosystems.
Read more: Preventing desertification: Top 5 success stories
Nature conservation is particularly important for biodiversity conservation. Protecting natural areas such as forests, wetlands, and grasslands helps to preserve the diversity of life forms within these ecosystems. This, in turn, helps to maintain the ecological processes that support life on Earth. Tropical forests, for instance, host 50% to 90% of the world's species.

Cat Margay sitting on a branch in the Costa Rican tropical forest.

Marine conservation is also crucial for biodiversity conservation. Marine ecosystems provide important habitats for many species, including fish, whales, dolphins, and sea turtles. These ecosystems also support important services such as carbon sequestration, oxygen production, and food production.
Green young corn plants growing from soil.
Biodiversity conservation not only safeguards species from extinction but also protects the intricate web of interdependence that sustains life. Preserving biodiversity offers numerous benefits, including the discovery of new medicines, the resilience of ecosystems in the face of environmental changes, and the provision of essential ecosystem services. By actively protecting habitats, implementing sustainable land-use practices , and combating factors such as habitat loss and fragmentation, we can ensure the preservation of biodiversity and promote a healthy, thriving planet for future generations.

10. Soil formation and fertility: nurturing Earth's foundation

Soil is the foundation of life on Earth. It contains the essential nutrients and microorganisms that support plant growth, which sustains all other life forms. Soil also plays a critical role in regulating the Earth's climate by storing carbon, which prevents it from being released into the atmosphere as greenhouse gases.

Soil formation is a complex process that involves the interaction of physical, chemical, and biological factors. Through a slow and intricate process through the weathering of rocks, organic matter decomposition, and the activity of microorganisms and soil organisms, soil is formed. This fertile layer sustains plant life by providing essential nutrients, water retention, and a supportive medium for root systems.

One of the most important ecosystem services provided by soil is its ability to form and maintain soil fertility. However, soil fertility is under threat from a variety of factors. One of the biggest threats is soil loss due to erosion, which can be caused by human activities like deforestation and agriculture. Invasive species can also disrupt soil ecosystems, as they often outcompete native plants and disrupt the delicate balance of nutrients and microorganisms that support soil fertility.

To measure the health of soil ecosystems, scientists use a variety of ecological indicators, such as soil organic matter content, soil carbon storage, and nutrient cycling rates. By monitoring these indicators, researchers can identify areas where soil fertility is declining and take steps to restore it.
A r hino eating grass in the Kruger National Park, South Africa.
Healthy soils also play a key role in carbon sequestration by storing large amounts of carbon. In addition, soil plays an important role in water retention and filtration. Healthy soils can retain water and prevent erosion, which helps to reduce the risk of flooding and improve water quality.

Recognising the importance of soil fertility, sustainable land management practices, erosion control, and soil conservation is essential for preserving soil fertility and preventing degradation. By nurturing the foundation of our ecosystems, we can ensure the continued productivity of agricultural systems, maintain biodiversity, and foster a resilient environment for all life forms.

Challenges and threats to ecosystem services: preserving the foundations of life
Join us in ensuring a sustainable future for all
The ecosystem services concept is one of the most important frameworks for understanding how human activities impact the environment and our ability to sustain life on Earth. Ecosystem services refer to the benefits humans derive from nature, such as clean air and water, crop pollination, and climate regulation. However, the provision of these services is facing increasing challenges and threats.

While ecosystem services are essential for our wellbeing, they face various challenges and threats that require our attention and action. Here are some of the most significant:

Human activities: Unsustainable human practices such as deforestation, mining activities, pollution, and overexploitation of natural resources pose significant threats to ecosystem services. Such activities can lead to soil erosion, habitat loss, reductions in biodiversity, and disruptions in weather patterns or water availability. We must address these activities to ensure the long-term sustainability of our ecosystems.

Climatic instability: The impacts of changing climates, including rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and extreme weather events, can disrupt vital ecosystem services. Mitigating these changes is crucial for protecting ecosystem services.

Loss of biodiversity: The ongoing loss of species and habitat destruction diminishes the resilience of ecosystems and compromises their ability to provide essential services. The over-exploitation of genetic resources (wild species, for instance) for food, medicine and other uses can lead to declines in populations and loss of genetic diversity. Conserving biodiversity is vital for maintaining the functioning of ecosystems.

Conservation and sustainable practices: nurturing our lifeline

Nature conservation is essential for maintaining ecosystem services. By protecting natural habitats and species diversity, we can ensure that these services continue to function properly. Sustainable practices are also important in preserving these services for future generations. This includes reducing our carbon footprint , using resources efficiently, and adopting environmentally friendly practices. To safeguard and restore ecosystem services, we must adopt conservation and sustainable practices such as:

Conservation efforts: Protecting and restoring natural habitats, measuring the health of ecosystems, implementing protected areas, and promoting sustainable land and resource management are key to conserving ecosystem services.

Awareness and responsible behaviour: Increasing awareness about the value of ecosystem services among individuals, communities, and decision-makers is crucial. Encouraging responsible behaviours, such as sustainable consumption and waste reduction, can make a significant difference.

Policy initiatives and international collaboration: Governments and international organisations play a vital role in enacting policies and initiatives that prioritise ecosystem conservation, restoration, and sustainable development. Collaboration across borders is essential for addressing global challenges.

The provision of ecosystem services is critical to maintaining the balance of nature and sustaining life on Earth. By protecting and preserving our natural systems, we can ensure that they continue to provide the vital services we rely on for survival. It is up to us to take action and ensure that these ecosystems are protected and restored for future generations.

DGB Group embraces the value of ecosystem services

The 10 vital ecosystem services discussed in this blog are the pillars of life on Earth. From freshwater supply to biodiversity conservation, each service is essential in sustaining our planet and ensuring the wellbeing of present and future generations. By understanding their significance, addressing their challenges, and embracing conservation and sustainable practices, we can secure these services and create a harmonious relationship between humans and the natural world.

At DGB Group, our commitment to sustainability and biodiversity is steadfast. We are confident that our innovative approaches to conservation, restoration, and sustainable development can help foster a greener future. We strive to build resilient ecosystems by working with forward-thinking organisations and collaborating with local authorities and communities. By doing so, we actively create new opportunities for nature conservation through our afforestation, reforestation and habitat protection projects , and ultimately support the journey of businesses towards a sustainable, net-zero future.

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10 Vital ecosystem services: sustaining life on Earth

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Discover the importance of 10 vital ecosystem services that sustain life on Earth, mostly provided by forests, for a resilient and sustainable future.

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WEEE Directive - Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment 

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WEEE Directive - Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment 

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EU rules address environmental and other issues caused by the growing number of discarded electronics in the EU. The aim is to contribute to sustainable production and consumption by

preventing the creation of WEEE as a priority

contributing to the efficient use of resources and the retrieval of secondary raw materials through re-use, recycling and other forms of recovery

improving the environmental performance of everyone involved in the life cycle of EEE

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Waste from electrical and electronic equipment includes a large range of devices such as computers, fridges and mobile phones at the end of their life.

This type of waste contains a complex mixture of materials, some of which are hazardous. These can cause major environmental and health problems if the discarded devices are not managed properly. In addition, modern electronics contain rare and expensive resources, which can be recycled and re-used if the waste is effectively managed.

Improving the collection, treatment and recycling of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) at the end of their life can

improve sustainable production and consumption

increase resource efficiency

contribute to the circular economy

The EU has introduced the WEEE Directive and the RoHS Directive to tackle the issue of the growing amount of WEEE.

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Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)

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Waste from electrical and electronic equipment includes a large range of devices such as computers, fridges and mobile phones at the end of their life. This type of waste contains a complex mixture of materials, some of which are hazardous. These can cause major environmental and health problems if the discarded devices are not managed properly.

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EU rules on single-use plastic products aim to prevent and reduce the impact of certain plastic products on the environment, in particular the marine environment, and on human health.

They also aim to promote the transition to a circular economy with innovative and sustainable business models, products and materials, therefore also contributing to the efficient functioning of the internal market.

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Through the EU's Directive on single-use plastics, different measures are being applied to different products. These measures are proportionate and tailored to get the most effective results, and also take into account if more sustainable alternatives are available.

The 10 items being addressed by the Directive are

Cotton bud sticks

Cutlery, plates, straws and stirrers

Balloons and sticks for balloons

Food containers

Cups for beverages

Beverage containers

Cigarette butts

Plastic bags

Packets and wrappers

Wet wipes and sanitary items

Where sustainable alternatives are easily available and affordable, single-use plastic products cannot be placed on the markets of EU Member States. This applies to cotton bud sticks, cutlery, plates, straws, stirrers, and sticks for balloons. It will also apply to cups, food and beverage containers made of expanded polystyrene, and on all products made of oxo-degradable plastic.

For other single-use plastic products, the EU is focusing on limiting their use through

reducing consumption through awareness-raising measures

introducing design requirements, such as a requirements to connect caps to bottles

introducing labelling requirements, to inform consumers about the plastic content of products, disposal options that are to be avoided, and harm done to nature if the products are littered in the environment

introducing waste management and clean-up obligations for producers, including Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) schemes

Specific targets include

a 77% separate collection target for plastic bottles by 2025 - increasing to 90% by 2029

incorporating 25% of recycled plastic in PET beverage bottles from 2025, and 30% in all plastic beverage bottles from 2030

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EU rules on single-use plastics (SUPs) to fight against marine litter and plastic pollution.

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The Packaging Directive aims to

harmonise national measures on packaging and the management of packaging waste

provide a high level of environmental protection

ensure the good functioning of the internal market

The latest amendment to the Directive contains updated measures to

prevent the production of packaging waste, and

promote the reuse, recycling and other forms of recovering of packaging waste, instead of its final disposal

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EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 94/62/EC of 20 December 1994 on packaging and packaging waste THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article 100a thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the Commission (1), Having

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The aim of this Directive is to ensure a progressive reduction of landfilling of waste, particularly of waste that is suitable for recycling or other recovery, and to provide for measures, procedures and guidance to prevent or reduce as far as possible negative effects on the environment.

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According to the EU's waste hierarchy, landfilling is the least preferable option and should be limited to the necessary minimum. Landfills are divided into landfills for hazardous waste, landfills for non-hazardous waste and landfills for inert waste (Art. 4). Art. 5 outlines several provisions that directly affect municipalities:

EU countries must implement national strategies to progressively reduce the amount of biodegradable municipal waste sent to landfills.

Landfill facilities may not accept used tyres or waste which is liquid, flammable, explosive or corrosive, or from hospitals and medical and veterinary practices.

As of 2030 all waste suitable for recycling or other recovery, particularly in municipal waste, shall not be accepted in a landfill with the exception of waste for which landfilling delivers the best environmental outcome.

The share of municipal waste landfilled is limited to 10 % by 2035.

The Directive introduces rules on calculating the attainment of municipal waste targets and requires EU countries to put in place an effective quality control and traceability system for municipal waste landfilled (Art. 5a).

In general, only waste that has been treated may be landfilled (Art. 6). National authorities must ensure that the price operators charge for disposing of waste covers all the costs involved from opening to final closure of the site (Art. 10).

The Directive allows EU countries to use economic instruments and other measures to encourage applying the waste hierarchy (Art. 15a).

More information about the Landfill Directive can be found here: https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/waste-and-recycling/landfill-waste_en

The Annexes to the report can be found here: https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/636f928d-2669-41d3-83db-093e90ca93a2/library/44a3079a-9fc0-4ec4-856d-8bec992899f0/details?download=true

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Landfill Directive - Directive (EU) 2018/850

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According to the EU's waste hierarchy, landfilling is the least preferable option and should be limited to the necessary minimum. Landfills are divided into landfills for hazardous waste, landfills for non-hazardous waste and landfills for inert waste (Art. 4). Art.

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The Water Quality Mobile App is designed for education or scientific research purposes. There are no annoying advertisements.

Users of all ages can record stream study data and learn about water quality indicators in learning pop-ups. Data can be recorded in a general or a Leaf Pack Network report. Stream study parameters include site location (lat. & long.), site profile information, water chemistries, physical stream data, aquatic

macroinvertebrates, and much more! The macroinvertebrates section acts as a field guide of all of the major taxa used to calculate a pollution tolerance

index. Pictures, sketches, short videos, and descriptions for identification are included for twenty-two macroinvertebrates.

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Data Not Linked to You

The following data may be collected but it is not linked to your identity:

Information

Provider

Stroud Water Research Center, Inc. has not identified itself as a trader for this app. If you are a consumer in the European Economic Area, consumer rights do not apply to agreements between you and the provider.

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‎The Water Quality Mobile App is designed for education or scientific research purposes. There are NO annoying advertisements. Users of all ages can record stream study data and learn about water quality indicators in learning pop-ups. Data can be recorded in a general or a Leaf Pack Network report....

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It is a web platform that provides comprehensive tools that provides more understanding on each SDG and available tools addressing it.

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The OECD Toolkit for A Territorial Approach to the SDGs is designed as a user-friendly checklist to guide policy makers at all levels of government to implement a territorial approach to achieving...

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Eurostat produces regular statistics on waste generation and treatment for the whole economy and on specific waste streams.

Statistics are compiled on the following topics:

Waste generation and treatment

Management of waste

Shipment of waste between countries

Key waste streams:

Batteries

End of life vehicles

Hazardous waste

Municipal waste

Packaging  and packaging waste

Annual consumption of lightweight plastic carrier bags

Waste electrical and electronic equipment

Waste excluding major mineral wastes

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Eurostat is the statistical office of the European Union. Its mission is to provide high quality statistics and data on Europe.

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https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/waste-and-recycling/waste-framework-directive_en

The Waste Framework Directive lays down some basic waste management principles. It requires that waste be managed

without endangering human health and harming the environment

without risk to water, air, soil, plants or animals

without causing a nuisance through noise or odours

and without adversely affecting the countryside or places of special interest

It explains when waste ceases to be waste and becomes a secondary raw material, and how to distinguish between waste and by-products. The Directive also introduces the "polluter pays principle" and the "extended producer responsibility".

The foundation of EU waste management is the five-step “waste hierarchy”, established in the Waste Framework Directive. It establishes an order of preference for managing and disposing of waste.

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Online tool: water footprint calculator 

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Online tool: water footprint calculator 

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Learn about how your choices and habits affect your water use inside and outside of your home, through the food you eat, the products you buy and even the energy you use.

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Online Tools: Calculate biodiversity value with the statutory biodiversity metric. 

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Online Tools: Calculate biodiversity value with the statutory biodiversity metric. 

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When and how to measure a habitat or development’s impact on biodiversity.

Contents

What the biodiversity metric is

Who should use the metric tool and why

Using the metric tool

More information for developers

More information for land managers

More information for local planning authorities (LPAs)

The source is from the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs Published on 7 July 2021, and last updated on 27 February 2024, which means that it is quite up-to-date.

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Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs

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Biodiversity metric: calculate the biodiversity net gain of a project or development

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When and how to use the biodiversity metric to assess the value of a project or development to wildlife.

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1. Food Recovery and Redistribution: Establishing programs to collect surplus food from farms, manufacturers, retailers, and restaurants and redistributing it to those in need. This can involve coordinating with food banks, shelters, and community organizations to ensure that excess food doesn't go to waste.

https://store.toogoodtogo.com

2. Research and Education: Conducting research on food waste patterns and causes, as well as educating the public about the environmental, social, and economic impacts of food waste.

https://knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu/global-food-nutrition-security/topic/food-security-food-crises/navigation-page/online-resources-food-security-food-crises/tools-datasets-food-security-food-crises_en

3. Composting Programs: Establishing composting programs to divert food waste from landfills and turn it into nutrient-rich soil for gardens and agriculture.

https://myemissions.green/food-carbon-footprint-calculator/

4. Food Rescue Teams: Organizing teams of volunteers or professionals to rescue surplus food from events, restaurants, and other venues before it goes to waste.

https://www.foodhero.com/fr

These services can help address both the immediate need for food security among vulnerable populations and the broader issue of food waste throughout the supply chain.

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Économisez 25 à 60% sur vos aliments préférés avec FoodHero

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Réduisez le gaspillage alimentaire avec l’app FoodHero. Découvrez +100 épiceries partenaires et de nouveaux aliments chaque jour. Téléchargez maintenant!

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SERVICE: BATTERIES AND ELECTRONICS DISPOSAL LOCATIONS

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SERVICE: BATTERIES AND ELECTRONICS DISPOSAL LOCATIONS

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Often major retailers provide convenient drop-off points for recycling old electronics and batteries. Municipal recycling centers offer specialized services for handling electronic waste, welcoming a variety of devices from smartphones to TVs. Manufacturer take-back programs and periodic e-waste collection events further streamline the recycling process.

Dedicated e-waste facilities ensure proper processing of electronic waste, while some organizations offer mail-in recycling programs for added convenience.

With these diverse disposal options, communities can contribute to the responsible management of electronic waste.

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Online tool: SDG 7 Tracker & Progress Tool

# data[].attributes.subject
Online tool: SDG 7 Tracker & Progress Tool

# data[].attributes.body
A website that helps you track your country's energy performance and progress by giving you a full detailed report during different time periods and enables you to compare it with other countries. Helpful with presentations and positioning.

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Tunisia

Western Asia and Northern Africa

GDP (USD billions, 2017 PPP) in 2021²

Population (Millions) in 2021³

1 World Bank Income Classification as of the Fiscal Year 2023
2 GDP, Power Purchasing Parity (constant 2017 international $) from the World Development Indicators
3 Population, total from the World Development Indicators

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Tunisia Western Asia and Northern Africa GDP (USD billions, 2017 PPP) in 2021² Population (Millions) in 2021³ 1 World Bank Income Classification as of the Fiscal Year 2023 2 GDP, Power Purchasing Parity (constant 2017 international $) from the World Development Indicators 3 Population, total from the World Development Indicators

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The Dropcountr app allows access to a powerful platform aimed at reducing household water consumption, but not only! The creators have made sure that users calculate how much water they use and, based on that, build new, better habits. As indicated by the creators of the Dropcountr platform, implementing the habits proposed in the application into everyday life, it is possible to save up to 9 percent of total household water consumption.

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The developer, KUBRA Data Transfer, indicated that the app's privacy practices may include handling of data as described below. For more information, see the developer's privacy policy.

Privacy practices may vary based on, for example, the features you use or your age. Learn More

Information

Provider

KUBRA DATA TRANSFER LTD. has not identified itself as a trader for this app. If you are a consumer in the European Economic Area, consumer rights do not apply to agreements between you and the provider.

Compatibility

iPhone

Requires iOS 14.0 or later.

iPad

Requires iPadOS 14.0 or later.

iPod touch

Requires iOS 14.0 or later.

Mac

Requires macOS 11.0 or later and a Mac with Apple M1 chip or later.

Apple Vision

Requires visionOS 1.0 or later.

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‎Dropcountr connects people and their water utilities on the mobile devices they use everyday. Dropcountr is available and convenient to customers of participating utilities on any device or desktop computer. Download Dropcountr today to: - Understand and manage your personal water use - Compare us...

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Mobile Application: Too Good To Go "LET'S FIGHT food waste TOGETHER"

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Mobile Application: Too Good To Go "LET'S FIGHT food waste TOGETHER"

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This app also tackles food waste by selling surplus food from restaurants, cafes and stores near you in surprise baskets that you can pick up before closing time. Too good to go, is very simple and user-friendly! With just a few clicks, you can reserve, pay and collect at the time indicated. It's a great way to discover and encourage local businesses at a low price when you don't feel like cooking and you want to be surprised!

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ONLINE TOOL: CARBON FOOTPRINT CALCULATOR

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ONLINE TOOL: CARBON FOOTPRINT CALCULATOR

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An online carbon footprint calculator is a tool available on websites or apps that helps individuals estimate the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions they generate through various activities and lifestyle choices. These calculators typically take into account factors such as energy consumption, transportation habits, diet, waste production, and other relevant aspects of daily life.

Users input information about their activities and consumption patterns, such as their home energy usage, the type of transportation they use, their dietary preferences, and their waste disposal habits. Based on this input, the calculator generates an estimate of the user's carbon footprint, usually measured in metric tons of CO2 equivalent per year.

The purpose of these calculators is to raise awareness about the environmental impact of individual actions and help users understand how their lifestyle choices contribute to climate change. By quantifying their carbon footprint, individuals can identify areas where they can make changes to reduce their emissions and live more sustainably.

Some online carbon footprint calculators also provide tips and suggestions for reducing emissions, such as switching to renewable energy sources, reducing meat consumption, using public transportation, or recycling more effectively. Overall, these calculators serve as educational tools to promote environmental consciousness and encourage individuals to take action to mitigate climate change.

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carbon footprint calculator for individuals and households

This carbon calculator is provided free to use

Show you care for the environment and communities across the World by Carbon Offsetting.

You can support Carbon Offsetting Projects that both tackle climate change and support impoverished communities across the world. Just click the 'Offset' button after you have finished your calculation. It takes only a few easy clicks and costs only a few Pounds/Dollars/Euros per tonne CO 2. You also get a personalised Certificate recognising your offsetting - makes an ideal gift too!

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Carbon Footprint Ltd using RADsite CMS (https://www.radsite.co.uk/)

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Use the World's most popular online carbon footprint calculator, and it's FREE. Calculate your carbon emissions from Buildings, Cars, Flights and other sources.

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Package-free shops, also known as zero-waste stores, are retail establishments that offer a wide array of products without traditional packaging. Instead of individually packaged items, these shops provide goods in bulk quantities, allowing customers to bring their own containers to refill and purchase only the amount they need.

These stores typically stock a variety of items including dry foods like grains, pasta, nuts, and spices, as well as liquids such as oils, vinegars, and cleaning products. Additionally, they often carry personal care items like shampoo, soap, and lotion, as well as household essentials like laundry detergent and dish soap. Some of the benefits of these shops are:

1. Environmental Impact: Package-free shops play a crucial role in reducing plastic and packaging waste. By eliminating the need for single-use packaging, they help minimize the amount of plastic pollution and waste sent to landfills. This contributes to a healthier environment and mitigates the harmful effects of plastic on ecosystems.

2. Sustainable Consumption: These shops promote sustainable consumption habits by encouraging customers to bring their own containers and refill them with bulk goods. By purchasing only the quantity they need, consumers can minimize food waste and reduce their carbon footprint. This fosters a more conscious approach to shopping and encourages resourcefulness.

3. Community Building: Package-free shops often serve as community hubs where individuals gather to share ideas, resources, and experiences related to sustainable living. By providing a space for like-minded individuals to connect, these stores foster a sense of community and solidarity. This strengthens social bonds and creates opportunities for collective action towards environmental sustainability.

4. Healthier Choices: Many package-free shops prioritize organic, local, and ethically sourced products. By offering a selection of natural and organic goods, customers have access to healthier options that support sustainable agriculture and responsible sourcing practices. This promotes personal health and well-being while also benefiting the planet.

5. Education and Awareness: These shops raise awareness about the environmental impact of packaging waste and the benefits of adopting zero-waste practices. Through educational workshops, events, and outreach efforts, they empower consumers to make informed choices and take action to reduce their ecological footprint. This fosters a greater understanding of sustainability issues and encourages individuals to be more mindful of their consumption habits.

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Mobile Application: FoodHero "Save More, Waste Less"

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Mobile Application: FoodHero "Save More, Waste Less"

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Quick and easy to use, FoodHero is a partnership between IGA, Métro, Rachelle-Béry and Marché Tradition grocery stores that offer groceries at 25% to 60% off. The app allows grocery stores to sell surplus food, imperfect food or food nearing its expiration date that would otherwise end up in our landfills to consumers. You can find fruits and vegetables, meat and fish, bakery products, dairy products, etc. It's definitely a win-win situation for everyone! New products are added daily, twice a day.

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Économisez 25 à 60% sur vos aliments préférés avec FoodHero

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Réduisez le gaspillage alimentaire avec l’app FoodHero. Découvrez +100 épiceries partenaires et de nouveaux aliments chaque jour. Téléchargez maintenant!

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Mobile application: iNaturalist (free and no additional charge)

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Mobile application: iNaturalist (free and no additional charge)

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One of the world's most popular nature apps, iNaturalist helps you identify the plants and animals around you. Get connected with a community of over 400,000 scientists and naturalists who can help you learn more about nature! What's more, by recording and sharing your observations, you'll create research quality data for scientists working to better understand and protect nature.

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Multimedia: do we have enough water on the earth?

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Multimedia: do we have enough water on the earth?

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Isn't it amazing that it takes 24'000 litres of water to produce

1 kg of chocolate? In this video we present some interesting

facts about Water Scarcity and hopefully encourage you to do

something about it.

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Online Tool: Tools and Datasets on "Food security and food crises"

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Online Tool: Tools and Datasets on "Food security and food crises"

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This website contains tools and datasets, as well as a list of websites allowing investigating the location, severity and magnitude of food crises, as well as their drivers and the response implemented.

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Situation overview

The IFPRI Food security Portal -supported by the European Commission- displays multiple analytical tools, including Food Policy Analysis Tools (Early Warning Tools, Food Price and Market Monitoring Tools, Modeling and Scenario Analysis Tools), Food Security and Nutrition indicators Tools, and Policy-related Tools (e.g. Food and Fertilizer Export Restrictions Tracker).

The FSP provides real-time early warning alerts for international food price volatility and has a ready-to-use tool (Vulnerability tool) to assess countries most at risk of seeing food security affected by food commodity-specific global price shocks.

This tool provides a simple measure of vulnerability to international price shocks for each country and each major food commodity.

The Global Hunger Index (GHI) is a tool for comprehensively measuring and tracking hunger at global, regional, and national levels.

GHI scores are based on the values of four component indicators: 1) Undernourishment; 2) Child stunting; 3) Child wasting; 4) Child mortality.

The index has largely stagnated in recent years.

The Global Food and Nutrition Security Dashboard is an information-sharing platform of the Global Alliance for Food Security (GAFS), jointly convened by the World Bank and the German G7 Presidency, which was launched in May 2022. The dashboard uses an interactive map to display data and indicators on food security and nutrition, including data on food crisis severity from the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC/CH). It also monitors the status of national Food Security Crisis Preparedness Plans (FSCPPs) and tracks information on global food security financing.

The IPC-CH Dashboard is a visual display of the total number of people experiencing or facing high levels of acute food insecurity classified in Crisis or worse (IPC/CH Phase 3 or above), in 40 countries. The data combines the latest analyses by the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) and the Cadre Harmonisé (CH).

The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) analysis portal provides evidence and standards for better food security decisions.

It includes analyses, alerts, infographics, and tools, including a .

The CH Platform provides the latest results of the CH analysis as well as the technical documentation and e-learning materials related to the classification and analysis of acute food insecurity. Most of the material are in French language. The CH covers West Africa, the Sahel and Cameroon

The mission of the Réseau de Prévention des Crises alimentaires (RPCA) for nearly thirty-five years has been to promote dialogue and co-ordination, to build a coherent and shared understanding of the region's food and nutrition situation and to inform decision-making.

GIEWS Country Briefs provide up to date information on the food security situation of monitored countries. The Country Briefs include information on the current agricultural season and the harvest prospects for the main staple food crops and livestock situation. In addition, the Briefs provide estimates and forecasts of cereal production and imports together with food price and policy developments. Other topical information may be included when relevant. The Briefs are updated no less than four times per year.

WFP DataViz is a real-time open data platform designed to be a one-stop-shop for accessing a wide range of information, including data related to food security, markets, economics, and climate. It operates as a dynamic hub where vast streams of data at national and sub-national levels are made available to users in a timely manner. The primary goal of DataViz is to ensure that data, analysis, and evidence serve as a global public good, empowering users with the knowledge they need to make well-informed decisions. Through interactive visualizations, DataViz transforms complex datasets into easily interpretable formats, facilitating deeper understanding and actionable insights.

HungerMapLIVE is the World Food Programme (WFP)'s global hunger monitoring system. It combines key metrics from various data sources - such as food security information, weather, population size, conflict, hazards, nutrition information and macro-economic data - to help assess, monitor and predict the magnitude and severity of hunger in near real-time. The resulting analysis is displayed on an interactive map that helps WFP staff, key decision makers and the broader humanitarian community to make more informed and timely decisions relating to food security. The platform covers 94 countries, including countries where WFP has operations as well as most lower and lower-middle income countries (as classified by the World Bank).

FEWS NET, the Famine Early Warning Systems Network, is a provider of early warning and analysis on acute food insecurity. Created in 1985 by the US Agency for International Development (USAID) after devastating famines in East and West Africa, FEWS NET provides objective, evidence-based analysis to help government decision-makers and relief agencies plan for and respond to humanitarian crises.

Mapping global emergency: country profiles; crisis analysis; special reports; key figures and priorities.

HDX is a database for disseminating humanitarian data of various types (food security, nutrition, drivers, etc.).

Hand-in-Hand is an initiative of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to accelerate agricultural transformation and sustainable rural development to eradicate poverty (SDG1) and end hunger and all forms of malnutrition (SDG2). The initiative aims to bring together geospatial layers and statistics.

Ceres2030: Sustainable Solutions to End Hunger" was set up to provide donor governments with new tools to help them address Sustainable Development Goal # 2: end hunger by 2030. It is led by , the , and the .

New researches show that Donors should spend an additional USD 14 billion a year on average to end hunger sustainably. The analysis includes the areas of intervention and countries to be prioritized.

This online resource proposes the metadata for SDG indicators.

Drivers
Conflict, Insecurity and Displacement
The Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) is a disaggregated data collection, analysis, and crisis mapping project. ACLED records the dates, actors, types of violence, locations, and fatalities of all reported political violence and protest events across Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Central Asia and the Caucasus, and Southeastern and Eastern Europe and the Balkans. Political violence and protest activity includes events that occur within civil wars and periods of instability, public demonstrations, and regime breakdown. ACLED's aim is to capture the forms, actors, dates, and locations of political violence and protest as it occurs across states. The ACLED team conducts analysis to describe, explore, and test conflict scenarios, and makes both data and analysis free and open to use by the public.

CSCW and Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research , Uppsala University, have collaborated in the production of a dataset of armed conflicts, both internal and external, in the period 1946 to the present. The Armed Conflict Dataset is primarily intended for academic use in statistical and macro-level research. It complements the annual compendium of ongoing armed conflicts published in the Journal of Peace Research, as well as the UCDP online database . CSCW houses the academic conflict dataset and continues to work closely with UCDP to provide more and better data.

The Science4Peace portal combines conflict monitoring and forecasting data with detailed maps to support conflict early warning, prevention, and crisis management.

The Global Internal Displacement Database (GIDD) provides estimates on internal displacement at the country level. It aims to provide comprehensive information on internal displacement worldwide.

The World Bank-UNHCR JDC aims to foster and produce quality socioeconomic data and analysis on populations affected by forced displacement to improve development policy and humanitarian response.
Climate extremes
ASAP is an online decision support system for early warning about hotspots of agricultural production anomaly (crop and rangeland), developed by the JRC for food security crises prevention and response planning anticipation.

The Crop Monitor Early Warning (CM4EW), operational since February 2016, focuses on countries at risk of food production shortfalls. CM4EW is an internationally recognized source of reliable information on early warning and crop conditions, and often used to inform humanitarian organization decisions on food allocation and assistance. Monthly reports are produced.

GDACS is a cooperation framework between the United Nations and the European Commission. It includes disaster managers and disaster information systems worldwide and aims at filling the information and coordination gaps in the first phase after major disasters.

The main objective of the database is to serve the purposes of humanitarian action at national and international levels. The initiative aims to rationalise decision making for disaster preparedness, as well as provide an objective base for vulnerability assessment and priority setting. EM-DAT contains essential core data on the occurrence and effects of over 22,000 mass disasters in the world from 1900 to the present day. The database is compiled from various sources, including UN agencies, non-governmental organisations, insurance companies, research institutes and press agencies.

This resource provides information collected through a system of sentinel sites on state of livestock, the availability of grazing, and water resources, market prices, the presence of animal diseases, bush fires and incidents linked to insecurity.
Price fluctuations and economic shocks
This web site contains latest information and analyses on domestic prices of basic foods mainly in developing countries, complementing FAO analysis on international markets. It provides early warning on high food prices at country level that may negatively affect food security.

This bulletin provides information on price changes for the most commonly consumed staples and their potential impacts on the cost of the basic food basket.

The AMIS Market Database provides quick access to the latest supply and demand information of wheat, maize, rice and soybeans, and allows users to compare AMIS numbers to information from other key sources of global food market data.

FEWS NET monitors staple food prices in countries where we regularly conduct integrated food security analysis, as well as other countries with broader regional or global influence.
Other Natural Disasters and Hazards: Pests and diseases outbreaks
A service provided by the Locust and Other Migratory Pests Group to monitor the world-wide locust situation and keep affected countries and donors informed of expected developments.
Browse more

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Tools and Datasets on "Food security and food crises"

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The IFPRI Food security Portal -supported by the European Commission- displays multiple analytical tools, including Food Policy Analysis Tools (Early Warning Tools, Food Price and Market Monitoring Tools, Modeling and Scenario Analysis Tools), Food Security and Nutrition indicators Tools, and Policy-related Tools (e.g. Food and Fertilizer Export Restrictions Tracker).

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Multimedia: could we use the water we flush for drinking 

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Multimedia: could we use the water we flush for drinking 

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Explore the science of wastewater treatment, and find out

why water reuse has become increasingly common

worldwide.

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How the water you flush becomes the water you drink - Francis de los Reyes

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Earth Hero is an app that motivates action against climate change, offering personalized tasks to reduce carbon footprints and encouraging community involvement for a healthier planet.

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Free food carbon footprint calculator My Emissions is a leading provider of carbon labelling, working with some of the largest food companies in the world. They've published a free food carbon footprint calculator (using simplified global average data), so everyone can see the impact of their food. The calculator can only be used for personal use.

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Resources

Free food carbon footprint calculator

⅓ of global greenhouse gas emissions comes from food. So why do we only see nutritional labels on products or calorie counts on menus? At My Emissions, we're changing this with our carbon label and dedicated food food emissions reporting.

We've published a free calculator so you can see the carbon footprint of your recipes. Try below, or sign up to a free account to save results, use our AI recipe generator and get more insights from My Emissions.

Want more? Get started with a free My Emissions account today!

If you're a food company, sign up for an account and get 3 recipe assessments entirely free! Learn your impact, reduce emissions, and use the My Emissions carbon label. You can even try our AI recipe generator, giving you an effortless experience to get carbon ratings.

Testimonials

Our work with My Emissions helps Just Eat understand how customers and restaurant partners can make more informed choices when it comes to the food they order and offer.

Jaz Rabadia MBE, Global Head of Responsible Business

Working with the My Emissions team has allowed us to take a data-driven look at our carbon hotspots and find effective ways in reducing them. We've made fantastic progress by reducing the carbon of our gournay-style cheese alternative by 65%. This is a huge first step for us.

My Emissions play a very important part in our sustainability strategy by providing a platform that fits into our Agile development process. We can include carbon footprint as a development discussion, evaluate how ingredients can be selected to reduce it, and ultimately support on-pack carbon labelling.

Martin Baker, Head of ESG

My Emissions gives us the insights we need to understand the carbon footprint of our best-selling products. The analysis allows us to make informed product decisions, reduce our emissions and supports us in moving forwards towards our SBTi decarbonisation goals.

Debbie Dyson, Supply Chain CSR Manager

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Free food carbon footprint calculator to see the environmental impact of your food. No sign up or credit card required.

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Multimedia: Money Talks: EU aims to halve food waste by 2030

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Multimedia: Money Talks: EU aims to halve food waste by 2030

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Almost one third of all food produced globally is wasted every year. European countries are aiming to halve that by 2030 with new legislation. Sarah Morice reports.

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Money Talks: EU aims to halve food waste by 2030

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MOBILE APPLICATION: VINTED for old second hand fashion

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MOBILE APPLICATION: VINTED for old second hand fashion

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Vinted is a useful app because it provides a platform for buying, selling, and swapping second-hand clothing, shoes, accessories, and other fashion items. Users can declutter their closets by selling items they no longer need or want, while also finding great deals on pre-loved items from others. The app promotes sustainability by extending the lifespan of clothing and reducing the environmental impact of fast fashion. Additionally, it offers a cost-effective way to shop for quality fashion items and enables users to connect with a community of like-minded individuals who share an interest in sustainable fashion. Overall, Vinted is useful for both sellers looking to declutter and buyers seeking affordable, eco-friendly fashion options

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Vinted | Sell and buy clothes, shoes and accessories

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One community, thousands of brands, and a whole lot of second-hand style. Ready to get started? Here's how it works.

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Too Good To Go is a mobile app designed to combat food waste by connecting users with local restaurants, bakeries, and other food businesses that have surplus food at the end of the day. Users can purchase discounted "surprise bags" of food, containing items that would otherwise be thrown away. The app is useful because it helps reduce food waste, saves users money on meals, and promotes sustainability by encouraging the consumption of surplus food instead of letting it go to waste.

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Too Good To Go | Save Good Food From Going To Waste

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Too Good To Go app is the world's largest surplus food marketplace. Download now to save up to 50% off food, help the environment and reduce food waste.

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Multimedia : water pollution, a danger threatening the life 

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Multimedia : water pollution, a danger threatening the life 

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Water pollution is a significant issue caused by the disposal of pollutants in lakes, rivers, and oceans. Approximately 10% of the global population lacks access to clean drinking water, leading to the spread of diseases like cholera through untreated human waste, particularly in shanty towns and refugee camps. Additionally, poorly managed rubbish dumps contaminate rivers and streams with diseases. However, other substances, like chemical fertilizers, also pose a threat to natural ecosystems. Heavy rain can wash soluble fertilizers into water bodies, causing eutrophication, where algae overgrow, blocking sunlight and depleting oxygen, resulting in the death of animal life and the destruction of the lake ecosystem. Heavy metals, such as lead, mercury, and cadmium, can cause fatalities when introduced to rivers and lakes. Radioactive waste, stored both above and below ground, can contaminate water courses after nuclear disasters. Aquifers can also become polluted during mining and drilling operations. Plastic waste, particularly from ships and landfills, threatens marine animals. Additionally, coal and oil power stations contribute to acid rain, while the release of warm water back into rivers and seas from power stations can disrupt ecosystems. Although not material pollution, the waste heat from these processes is also considered a pollutant.

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What Is Water Pollution | Environmental Chemistry | Chemistry | FuseSchool

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Laura Oldaine, a TikTok content creator, utilizes her platform to showcase various practices aimed at reducing consumption and living a more sustainable lifestyle. Through her videos, she offers practical tips and creative ideas to inspire her audience to consume less and make more mindful choices.

One of Laura's strategies involves borrowing items instead of buying them, emphasizing the importance of community sharing and reducing the demand for new products. By borrowing from friends, family, or neighbors, individuals can save money, reduce waste, and minimize their environmental impact.

Additionally, Laura demonstrates the art of repurposing items, showing her audience how to give new life to old or discarded objects. Whether it's upcycling clothing, furniture, or household items, she encourages her viewers to think creatively and find innovative ways to extend the lifespan of products.

Through her TikTok videos, Laura promotes a mindset shift towards conscious consumption, highlighting the benefits of choosing quality over quantity and investing in sustainable alternatives. By adopting her practices, youths can not only reduce their environmental footprint but also lead more fulfilling and resourceful lives.

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Replying to @devan5devan Would you like to save money and #resistcapitalism ? This is my #1 strategy for doing that. Even better, doing this enhances your life in other ways as well. #survivingcapitalism #resourcefulness #repairskills #repurposed #trashtotreasures 

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Multimedia : Why scientists say earths water cycle is nearing breaking point ?

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Multimedia : Why scientists say earths water cycle is nearing breaking point ?

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The water cycle is essential for Earth's functioning, but human manipulation has caused destabilization at an unprecedented scale. This is evident in extreme weather events and climate alterations. Reversing damage to the hydrological cycle is crucial for our survival. It requires large-scale interventions such as reducing water use, reversing deforestation, land degradation, soil erosion, air pollution, and climate change.

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Why scientists say Earth’s water cycle is nearing breaking-point? #MongabayExplains

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Multimedia: Why is biodiversity important? -detailed explanation with Sir David Attenborough

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Multimedia: Why is biodiversity important? -detailed explanation with Sir David Attenborough

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David Attenborough is an English broadcaster, writer, and naturalist who was noted for his innovative educational television programs, especially the nine-part Life series.

Biodiversity is under intense pressure from human activity worldwide. David Attenborough explains why biodiversity is so important to humans, how biodiversity loss is impacting our world and how there is still time to change direction – if we act now. Everyone, no matter who they are, can make a difference. All you need is the facts.

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Why is biodiversity important - with Sir David Attenborough | The Royal Society

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MULTIMEDIA 1: TEDX Why I live a zero waste life 

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MULTIMEDIA 1: TEDX Why I live a zero waste life 

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Lauren is an Environmental Studies graduate from NYU and former Sustainability Manager at the NYC Department of Environmental Protection, and the amount of trash that she has produced over the past three years can fit inside of a 16 oz. mason jar.

Her ability to fit all her trash into a 16 oz. mason jar suggests that she's mastered the principles of waste reduction, recycling, composting, and conscious consumption. This accomplishment not only demonstrates her personal dedication to environmental stewardship but also serves as an inspiring example for others looking to minimize their ecological footprint.

By sharing her experience, Lauren likely aims to raise awareness about the importance of waste reduction and inspire others to adopt more sustainable lifestyle choices. Her story highlights the potential for individuals to make a significant difference through simple yet impactful actions, ultimately contributing to a healthier planet for future generations.

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Why I live a zero waste life | Lauren Singer | TEDxTeen

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Multimedia: SDG 7 explained for High school students

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Multimedia: SDG 7 explained for High school students

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Informative video on how energy works, renewable energy sources and the progress that has been made in tackling this SDG.

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Understand Goal 7: Affordable Clean Energy (Secondary)

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Simplified educational video for children to learn about SDG 7 and how to improve energy efficiency.

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Affordable and Clean Energy 🌏♻️ SDG 7 ⚡️ Sustainable Development Goals for Kids

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The explanation of Biodiversity is quite intriguing by the Natural History Museum. The Natural History Museum in London is home to over 80 million objects, including meteorites, dinosaur bones and a giant squid. By this video they are trying to bring the Museum to you, as realistic as possible.

Biodiversity is the name we give to the variety and amount of all life on Earth. All living things exist within their own communities, or ecosystems - oceans, forests, deserts, ice caps and even cities. All this put together is biodiversity: the volume of life on Earth as well as how different species interact with each other and with the physical world around them.

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What is biodiversity? | Natural History Museum

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Multimedia: Why is Biodiversity is important?

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Multimedia: Why is Biodiversity is important?

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A 4 min. description of why is Biodiversity is vital, explained by Kim Preshoff. Our planet's (many different kinds of people or things) growing and successful communities may seem like permanent fixtures, but they're actually able to be hurt by collapse. Jungles can become deserts, and reefs can become dead rocks, even without terrible events, like (places on the Earth where red-hot liquid rocks, ash, and gas sometimes flow or explode out) and space rocks.

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Why is biodiversity so important? - Kim Preshoff