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A barometer is a scientific instrument that is used to measure air pressure in a certain environment. Pressure tendency can forecast short term changes in the weather. Many measurements of air pressure are used within surface weather analysis to help find surface troughs, pressure systems and frontal boundaries.

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A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation.

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A thermometer is a device that measures temperature or a temperature gradient. The two important of thermometer area temperature sensor in which some change occurs with a change in temperature, and some means of converting this change into a numerical value.

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A microscope is an experimental tool for examining objects that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. The objects are too small to be seen with the naked eye unless a microscope is used.

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Isaac newton is best known for creating the laws of gravity and motion.
He also invented a type of math known as Calculus.

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Galileo Galilei was the first person study the sky with a telescope. He also was the first to use experiments to test his theories / ideas.
He supported Copernicus' heliocentric theory of the universe which got him into trouble with the Catholic Church.
Galileo was also interested in mechanics--the study of objects and motion.

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Johannes Kepler observe that planets moved in oval (elliptical) orbits, not circular ones.

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Tycho Brahe charted the positions of hundreds of stars, using careful observation and detailed recordings.
Today, all scientists follow Brahe example by taking careful notes of their observations and findings.

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Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish scientist who was the first to write about the heliocentric theory. The heliocentric theory is belief that the sun, not the Earth, is at the center of the universe.