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Affective factors have to do with feelings, values, beliefs and attitudes. Usually, positive affective factors will aid in higher acquisition for a second language as you may be more willing to learn or more motivated. Whereas negative affective factors will halt learning due to lack of motivation, initiative or belief that a second language can be learned.

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Normally, when we develop our first language, it's from a couple months to the following years. Due to this age, it's much easier to grasp the language along with other factors such as sociocultural. However, when English Learners acquire their second language they normally have passed this crucial stage of learning. Research has shown that children who are exposed to a language by age 12 will have a higher likelyhood of acquiring a second language with fluency skills.

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There is a common misconception that people who are acquiring a second language may not be as knowledgable in and outside of the classroom. This is proven false, as many English Learners come from various different cultures and backgrounds which have given them an abundance of experiences and skills that can be transferred over. Cognitive skills like critical thinking, predicting, and reasoning arent lacking in English Learners, but these students simply lack the English skills to properly express and demonstrate these cognitive skills

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Allowing English Learners the opportunity to interact with others who are more knowledgable in the second language is beneficial in giving the EL student the opportunity to hear and practice using L2. The culture aspect of this factor comes in when having interactions outside of school that involve conversing with others. Integrating oneself into the society in which this second language is utilized allows for further practice as the EL may feel like their day-to-day lives depend on a strong skillset in the second language (English)

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This is a model that was first introduced by Jim Cummins that focuses on the idea that cognitive processes acquired from a first language can be readily used for a second language. Research has debunked the idea that two languages are stored separately in the brain. Research has also helped to understand the idea that languages that may share similar rules are easier to grasp as the quicker transfer may occur.

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Although linguistic is a factor all on its own, I still believe it to lie under the category of cognitive factors because linguistic takes a look at the level of skill in the English Learners first language and how well developed it is. Depending on their attitudes and beliefs with regards to their first language can affect their attitudes towards learning a second language and how well they may develop it.