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Example of Phonemic Awareness Instruction

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Example of Phonemic Awareness Instruction

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Example of manipulating individual sounds in the word "Bag".

/b/ /a/ /g/ are the sounds heard when you say the word "BAG". The first sound, or phoneme is /b/, the second sound is /a/ and the last sound is /g/.

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We see "fluency" when we are referring to a person’s native language or accent. We often say "he is fluent in speaking Spanish" this is because a person can speak, read, and write Spanish comfortably with speed, clarity, and accuracy.

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Two developmentally appropriate classroom activities to support the development of Phonemic Awareness 

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Two developmentally appropriate classroom activities to support the development of Phonemic Awareness 

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·      I Spy Rhyme Time Edition

Teacher will "spy" a word and students will say a word that rhymes with only changing the first phoneme.

Ex. 'I spy the word tin'.

What else rhymes with tin? (Fin, pin, bin)

·      Phoneme Scavenger hunt

Every student will be given cars with different letters. They will be expected to join the letters by "sounding them out" to make a word.

For instance, three students may come together with the letters F. U.N after sounding out each phoneme to make the word.

For students with exceptionalities these two Phonemic Awareness activity can be done using flash cards for those visual and tactile learners or by using a puzzle to manipulate the phoneme to create the new word that rhyme.

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·      Fluency trees

These are terrific for building fluency in younger readers. They allow students to focus on each word, improving accuracy and speed along the way. In small groups children will practice their fluency by reading in a gradual way. In each group students can work together to understand, pronounce, and recall they words in the sentence.

·       Choral Reading

For the older children this activity is ideal in the classroom as a way of improving reading fluency. Using a passage from a. text each student will take turn reading a sentence with another student immediately picking up where that sentence ends.

These activities can be done in whole group to accommodate those children with exceptionalities as the whole group setting decreases the pressure on one reader to get it right and help them to maintain pace and accuracy.

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The sound /K/ can be represented by the letters "c" and "k" and by the letters "ck" and "Ch" or the sound /f/ can be represented by the letters "f" and by the letters "Ph"

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Two developmentally appropriate classroom activities to support the development of Phonics

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Two developmentally appropriate classroom activities to support the development of Phonics

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·      Alphabet bingo

Students will each have a bingo card with random letters. Teacher will begin the activity by saying random letter sounds and children will cover the correct letter on their card with a marker object. The first to get four correct letters in a row wins.

·      Color the beginning Sound

On a word sheet with random pictures students are required to color all the pictures that begins with a particular beginning sound of a certain letter.

For example: The focus letter is Bb so on the worksheet children are expected to color all the pictures that have the /b/ sound at the beginning.

To accommodate those children with exceptionalities these activities are offered in a digital version that have sound effects and other options that make completing the activity more manageable and attainable.

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Maintain and build a word wall in the classroom to reinforce learnt words. Seeing and reciting words routinely help young learners to consistently practice vocabulary building.

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At-home Activity  and a Website to develop Phonics

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At-home Activity  and a Website to develop Phonics

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· Choose a letter

Make learning about finding things around the house a fun activity. First by choosing a letter children are expected to look around the home environment for object that their names begins with that letter. Parents will then give the child sticky notes and they are to tag the item as they go.

For example, for the letter "p" you could tag the pot, pan, pantry, peppers, etc. Parents will then emphasize the letter "p" and the sound it makes with each of the tagged items.

Most young children may not be able to spell or write the name of the item so tagging it is another alternative which is inclusive. Simple games and activities that require everyday resources especially at home helps children to unlock their creativity. This is something that is essential to help meet the reading needs of young learners with and without exceptionalities.

·      ABCYA! is a fun child friendly website that offers a wide variety of educational games and activities to assisting in reinforcing and building certain literacy skills at different grade levels. This website can be used at home where family can work alongside children to help give clarity and support.

https://www.abcya.com

Like the activity above, creativity involves thinking, doing and exploring the world around us in a unique way and the ABCYA! website has numerous games and activities that requires creative thinking and doing for all. The wide variety of games and activities provides for a wide selection of option to better facilitate exceptional needs of young children.

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·      Picture flash cards

In pairs students will be expected to match the vocabulary word with the correct picture to understand the meaning of the word and how to apply it to conversation in a meaningful way. Each student will take turns matching the picture to the vocabulary word to build thier individual vocabulary skill.

·      Word Map

With this activity students are encouraged to find the relationship between vocabulary words and other words. Students will be placed into groups of two and giving a base vocabulary word and the group to come up the most words related to the base word wins.

For Example:

"Cowboys" is the base word.

Related words (hat, horse, saddle, boots, ranch, cattle, animals, heard, chicken, coop, etc)

Students with exceptionally can work on these activities with their teacher or support staff instead of in peer groups. This extra one-on-one support helps to work on skills in a more in-depth way giving these students the opportunity to go at a slower pace to guarantee accuracy.

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At-home Activity  and a Website to develop Vocabulary 

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At-home Activity  and a Website to develop Vocabulary 

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·      Explore Word Meaning

This fun activity can be done at home to help build children's vocabulary and can be done at any time. The child will give the parent a word and the parent is expected to give other words that have the same meaning. This is allowing the parent to expand the child's vocabulary using synomyms.

For example:

Child: Shout

Parent: yell, shriek, hollar, wail, screech etc

This activity is ideal for at home reading skills building as for one it encourages communication between child and adult which is and great way to build vocabulary as young learners irrespective of their exceptionalities when working with their family at home gets the one on one support they need to focus on this skill.

·      Common Sense Education

This website has a variety of games, websites link and activities that aims to improve and build young learners vocabulary which is necessary for fluid reading and writing especially at home.

https://www.commonsense.org/education/lists/great-vocabulary-games-apps-and-sites

The website is an effective tool made accessible to teachers, students and their families. Family involvement is important in education and this website has fun virtual activities and resources to help families better provide support at home.

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One effective strategy of building comprehension skills especially for young learners is making them tap into their prior knowledge. Utilizing their prior knowledge, it allows them to connect a new idea to knowledge and experiences they already know to better make sense of what they are reading.

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At-home Activity  and a Website to develop Fluency

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At-home Activity  and a Website to develop Fluency

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·      Poetry and Nursery rhymes

These can be used to practice fluency. Take turns with your child reciting a short poem or nursery rhyme to encourage speaking and pronouncing spoken words more easily and accurately until they can read it fluently.

For example: “Baa, Baa, Black Sheep”

Baa, baa, black sheep,
Have you any wool?
Yes sir, yes sir,
Three bags full.
One for the master,
One for the dame,
And one for the little boy
Who lives down the lane.

This activity provides that one on one support children need to master their fluency skills. Families will be able to take the time to slowly instruct and guide their children.

·      epic!

This website has a wide variety of free high-quality digital books, audiobooks, and videos accessible to parents to help encourage reading. With this website parents can track and monitor children's progress as they explore these books.

https://www.getepic.com/?affiliate_id=1426483&utm_source=sas&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_content=830840

Families sometimes may be faced with challenges acquiring reading material to utilize at home so this website provides them with free book. Most importantly the epic! website has books in different formats (audio, videos, and digital) which is idea for all children who may have unique challenges that affects how they learn.

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·      Drawing

While understandably most young readers have difficulty writing that doesn’t deter them from expressing thier understanding. To help these young learner’s teachers can allow them to draw instead of writing to express comprehension. So, after a text is read students will represent their understanding of the text through drawing. Pictures can be used to represent ideas and this activity helps students to tap into their imagination.

·      Picture Book

As we know comprehension is about understanding what is read. While young learners are building those early literacy skills, they are not yet fluent readers so using picture books are essential to improve those skills. When young learners explore picture books, they can use their prior knowledge to put meaning to what the illustrations and make sense of the book to tell a story. Based on each student's experiences and prior knowledge they will each tell a different story but that is ok as it helps the teacher to better understand how developed their comprehension skills are.

To facilitate those exceptional students these activities can be done in many ways to help them apply thier experience and prior knowledge in a different yet effective way. One way is by using puzzles instead of drawing or browsing picture book. They can put a story puzzle together in the correct order to tell a story, which is referred to as a visual story telling.

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Bottari, M. (2020, June 22). What are Phonological Awareness and Phonemic Awareness? Heggerty. https://heggerty.org/resources/blog-post/phonological-awareness-and-phonemic-awareness/

Brandon, D. (2021, March 26). The Importance of Reading Comprehension. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. https://www.aces.edu/blog/topics/home-family-urban/the-importance-of-reading-comprehension/

Montessori Academy. (2017). Repetition and Child Development in Montessori Education | Montessori Academy. Montessori Academy. https://montessoriacademy.com.au/repetition-child-development-montessori/

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‌ Nordquist, R. (2019, November 4). Characteristics of English Vocabulary. ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/vocabulary-definition-1692597

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At-home Activity  and a Website to develop Phonemic Awareness

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At-home Activity  and a Website to develop Phonemic Awareness

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-Rhyming books

Reading to your child books that have rhyme, rhythm, and repetition such as Dr. Seuss books, or Eric Carl's book, poetry books or nursery rhymes. Have the child clap whenever they hear a rhyme. This helps them to be engaged and pay attention to the phonemic awareness skill you are targeting.

Reading books with rhymes, rhythm and repetition will meet the reading needs of young learners with and without exceptionalities as it is a good way to gain practice. Repetition teaches children to practice, master and retain knowledge.

-Reading Rockets is a website that has information for families to guide, support and inform about helping their child at home to build phonemic awareness skills.

https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101-guide-parents/kindergarten/phonological-and-phonemic-awareness-activities-your-kindergartner

Websites Reading Rocket has resources to foster learning by repetition. Maria Montessori explains that “Repetition is the secret of perfection”, that can be attained irrespective of children needs (Montessori Academy, 2017).

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At-home Activity  and a Website to develop Comprehension 

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At-home Activity  and a Website to develop Comprehension 

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·     Bedtime stories

At the end of the day reading a bedtime story to your young child has many benefits. While it builds a bond between parent and child, one of the most essential benefits includes building thier comprehension skills as this nighttime activity encourages conversation that allows for understanding from both the reader and listener.

To facilitate the building of comprehension for both children with and without exceptionalities bedtime stories can be "made up" where children engage in active listen and sharing using their own experiences and by making real life connections. This helps to understand how well children are understanding the world around them.

·      KidsWordsMyth

This website is designed for K-2 children and English Language Learners (ELLs) to support their comprehension by providing them with a wide range of options to search words and concepts to help build those skills necessary for literacy development. This Website can be utilized at home to encourage children to independently access meanings of words and concepts on their own.

https://kids.wordsmyth.net/we/

This website is a mix between a dictionary and a thesaurus however the unique part is it has phrases and their meaning. This is ideal for families helping their children at home as it is like a two in one tool making home instruction easier.