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Climate change affects Mindanao: Environment advocate (RESEARCHED BY:TIMOTHY GERARD MOLINA)

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URL:
https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/118550/climate-change-affects-mindanao-environment-advocate-

TITLE:

Climate change affects Mindanao: Environment advocate

DATE PUBLISHED: JANUARY 3, 2017

AUTHOR: SUNSTAR

KEY INFORMATION: According to the 2016 Climate Change Vulnerability Index, the Philippines is the 13th most vulnerable to climate change out of 186 countries, and what concerns them is that if Mindanao is hit by this weather-related phenomenon, its people and environment will suffer due to lower harvest yield due to severe drought.

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Climate change affects Mindanao: Environment advocate

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AN ENVIRONMENTALIST expressed her apprehension over the adverse implication of climate change in Mindanao considering that it is an agriculture area that hosts a number of crops…

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Davao City waste-to-energy project to fuel climate change, groups warn(RESEARCHED BY:JOSH ASHLEY REYES)

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URL: https://www.philstar.com/headlines/climate-and-environment/2022/05/15/2181288/davao-city-waste-energy-project-fuel-climate-change-groups-warn

TITLE: Davao City Waste-To-Energy Project to Fuel Climate Change, Groups Warn

AUTHOR: Geela Garcia

DATE PUBLISHED: May 15, 2022

KEY INFORMATION: This article presents the amount of trash that is produced to be used in a project to create energy by burning this trashes that will actually be contributing to climate change. This article shows how dangerous it is to burn this amount of trash because it will produce thick layers of carbon dioxide and other toxic chemicals which will damage the atmosphere in the process of doing their project.

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DAVAO CITY, Philippines - Hundreds of garbage flies infest homes, flying from waste to food, to children. The decaying stench of the dumpsite lingers as families eat. It was almost noon and waste pickers like Virgilio Romero*, 44, scavenge waste on the mountain of garbage under the scorching 51-degree celsius heat.

This is the everyday scene at the eleven-year-old seven-hectare sanitary landfill located in New Carmen, Tugbok - Davao City's only sanitary landfill.

According to the City Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO), the city generates around 900 tons of garbage per day, and waste pickers like Romero find a living by recycling the dumpsite's overflowing waste.

"This has been our family's livelihood since we moved to the city. It was what was expected as I didn't finish my studies, and there weren't any suitable jobs for me since I do not have a degree," said Romero.

Romero comes from a family of landless peasants in Mati, Davao Oriental, tilling farmland less than a hectare in size. He doesn't earn money from working in the field and is only paid for his labor with a portion of their produce.

At New Carmen, he takes home P200 daily for scavenging for plastics, cans, and sacks for 11 hours from 6 a.m. - 5 p.m. Romero said that life as a waste picker hasn't been easy, but it's better compared to not earning anything when he was a farmer.

However, by 2023, the landfill where Romero resides and finds a living will be unserviceable as the rapid urbanization and poor waste segregation of Davao will drive it to its full capacity.

And as a response to the city's waste crisis, the local government of Davao City plans to construct a P2.5 billion waste-to-energy (WTE) facility, funded by a Japanese loan, on a 10-hectare property in Biao Escuela in the Tugbok District.

The landfill will be closed down and converted to a segregation area for the WTE facility, and over 100 waste pickers will be asked to leave.

"We don't know what will happen to us and our homes. They started measuring houses and promised to compensate us for P30,000. Until now, they don't have a concrete plan for us," said Romero.

Waste fueling the climate crisis
Mountain of trash at the New Carmen dumpsite
The local government eyes the WTE incinerator as a "long-term solution" to its solid waste problem. By burning household garbage, household wastes would replace coal and oil in producing energy.

Environmental groups like Greenpeace and Plastic-Free Pilipinas Project, however, oppose this technology because the burning of non-biodegradable wastes is no different from burning fossil fuels. Plastics, after all, are made from fossil fuels.

Marian Ledesma, a zero-waste campaigner of Greenpeace, said that the whole concept and scheme of burning waste for energy is unnecessarily costly and counter to the idea of reducing waste.

"It even encourages cities to produce more waste, because these incinerators would require a minimum amount on a daily and weekly basis to produce energy," she said.

Ledesma said that the WTE incinerator also goes against the country's Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, a law designed to promote zero-waste practices and waste segregation. On top of this, it is also prohibited under Section 20 of the Clean Air Act.

"WTE projects are an easy way out to address the waste crisis. And it attempts to address the waste problem without changing problematic parts of the system, beginning from plastic production," she said.

The European Commission has also been defunding WTE incinerator projects because of the realization that such facilities do not contribute to climate action and instead even worsen the climate crisis.

Ledesma said that perhaps the reason that groups and loans are pushing for WTE projects in developing countries like the Philippines is that this technology is already being questioned in developed nations.

"If you look at WTE, it's no longer included in EU sustainable economic activities. And because they're not able to market in their region, they push that narrative in poorer regions where laws and policies have not yet decided if the technology is eco-friendly. They are banking and trying to find a way of investment elsewhere," she explained.

She also flagged that most often these types of projects are also located in low-income areas where communities are more vulnerable to suffering from climate impacts as a result of dirty technology.

No proper consultation
Biao Escuela is an agricultural community surrounded by banana and coconut plantations. Residents rely on growing poultry and farming for their livelihood.
The WTE facility will be constructed at Biao Escuela, a 10-hectare of agricultural land south of Davao. The proposed site is only 2.2 kilometers away from the barangay's school and 550m from the planned relocation site.

Jill Banta, regional coordinator for Mindanao of the Plastic-Free Pilipinas Project said that the construction of the facility may also have long-term effects on residents of Biao Escuela and nearby communities.

"Persistent organic pollutants such as dioxins and furans are produced when plastics are burned. This can cause respiratory and reproductive diseases, birth defects, and cancer to the already marginalized low-income agricultural communities in Biao Escuela," said Banta.

"Beyond the community, its toxic by-products may reach our plates through the food chain because food and poultry products are sourced in Biao Escuela," she added.

Nerea Tagunon*, 60, is a sari-sari store owner at Biao Escuela. Her family moved to the community three years ago after having been displaced from their homes due to road widening in Catalunan Grande, Davao.

Tagunon and her neighbors weren't properly consulted about the project, and it's common for residents of Biao Escuela to make uninformed decisions because of the lack of consultation with the local government.

Residents think that the facility to be built is a plastic recycling factory, providing them employment. And while the WTE project may give them jobs, what residents do not know is that the facility can only employ people with engineering backgrounds.

"I think having the waste-to-energy incinerator project here would be helpful to our community because it will give us jobs," said Tagunon.

"From the demographics of their community, who are mostly agricultural workers, poultry growers, and laborers, the only job they could secure would be short-term construction jobs for the facility," said Banta.

Tagunon has lost hope to fight for their homes and their right to proper relocation.

"If it's going to smell, then what difference would it make? The river here stinks from poultry waste, so the smell of burning plastic is not going to matter. We'll just be a place where you could inhale all the chemicals and bad odor. Let the government do whatever they want, we can't do anything about it anymore," Tagunon said hopelessly.

The 60-year-old resident however admitted that if they were to be properly consulted, she would prefer for the project not to push through.

"Of course, nobody would want to be exposed to that hazard, nobody would want to inhale all that waste. But we have already been displaced in the past, and it's not like people like me still have a say," she said.

A few meters away from Tagunon lives Esmelita Roxas* 70, who, like Tagunon, knows little about the project.

"I'm worried about the effects of the incinerator, but our barangay captain said that the technology worked in Japan. We're just putting our trust in him," said Roxas.

"And even if we're against it, we can't do anything about it because we're only ordinary citizens. We'll be fighting against powerful people. At this point, we're only praying that if it pushes through, we won't be left behind."

Working zero-waste solutions

Ledesma and Banta said that the waste problem in Davao and the Philippines can be solved without burning plastics, especially when 50% of Davao's waste is biodegradable, and while 200 to 300 tons of its landfill waste is food waste.

Davao-based agronomist Peter Damary of Limadol introduced using black soldier flies to handle food waste by developing a natural insect protein for poultry that utilizes biodegradable waste from the landfill.

They collect a total of 400-700 kgs of food waste from restaurants and households at Barangay Mintal and Barangay Tacunan four times a week which they feed to the black soldier flies in their facility.

Black soldier flies consume food waste and produce a byproduct called frass which is useful as feeds for poultry or as organic fertilizers.

"At the start, it was very difficult, because people didn't really segregate their waste. They were used to dumping everything because no one was in charge of segregating, and collectors just combine already segregated waste with each other," said Damary.

From only collecting 60 kilograms twice a week in February 2021, Damary's small business now collects 150 kgs of food waste three or four times a week.

"We were able to address this problem by being strict about our collection. We took the time to educate households to segregate food waste, and eventually, they picked it up," he added.

Today Limadol collects food waste from over 200 households and five restaurants around Barangay Mintal and Barangay Tacunan.

Damary said that their system works because they are consistent. According to him, people needed consistency so that they would be driven to follow.

He recalled that in the beginning, some households would still mix non-biodegradable waste with biodegradables, and to show their commitment, they didn't pick up food waste that wasn't well segregated.

"They eventually followed, and they are now very enthusiastic about it," said Damary.

When food decomposes anaerobically in landfills, it creates methane, a major global warming gas.

According to the organization Extra Food, every 100 pounds of food waste in landfills produces 8.3 pounds of methane into the atmosphere. And in over 20 years, methane has 86 times the global warming effect of carbon dioxide.

"Methane from food waste contributes to the climate crisis, and if we have systems in place then this initiative will not only be beneficial for waste management but also climate mitigation," explained Damary

An odorless landfill powered by a bio activator is also segregating tons of biodegradable waste from industrial companies and restaurants an hour away from Barangay Mintal.

Aimea Lumpay, plant manager of Davao Thermo Biotech, said that their composting facility uses a patented YMO activator from Japan.

"We mix our YMO activator with collected biodegradable waste to treat them together. By doing this, we hasten the composting of biodegradable waste and eliminate hazardous waste such as leachate from contaminating the environment," explained Lumpay.

Biodegradables are converted into biofertilizers within 45 days, and the reaction of the food waste to the bio activator heats the mixture to a high temperature which destroys pathogenic bacteria, making their fertilizer organic, clean, and safe.

Currently, Davao Thermo Biotech collects industrial waste from several poultry farms and restaurants. They treat 50MT of industry and food waste daily.

They also have a few household subscribers, and the technology can also be adapted at a household level, but the problem is not a lot of homes are willing to pay to have their garbage collected and treated so they don't end up in landfills.

"As of now, we have 55 households subscribed to our waste management facility. We pick up their biodegradable waste for them, and in exchange, we give them one of our products which they can use for their gardens at home," said Lumpay.

Banta said that the projects of Limadol and Davao Thermo Biotech prove that there are already working zero-waste solutions that are less harmful to the environment being implemented.

"Instead of using people's money to fund environmentally destructive projects, the government should instead invest in solutions that are already in place," said Banta.

"The projects of Limadol and Davao Thermo Biotech need not have huge large facilities, and if these are implemented on a large scale, then there would not even be a need to construct WTE facilities," added Banta.

The Plastic-Free Pilipinas Project regional coordinator also emphasized that while these initiatives work for biodegradable wastes, the problem of non-biodegradable waste can be addressed by strict implementation of banning single-use plastics and pressuring corporations to replace their packaging.

Corporations should invest in solutions that are centered on reuse-based packaging such as refillable. They can show this by not relying on false "green" solutions but committing to establishing sustainable systems.

Banta also said that before the sachet economy reached the Philippines, Filipino communities already had a culture of refilling in sari-sari stores, but because of the shift in packaging by fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) companies, this changed.

"Didn't we have that deposit system for carbonated drinks in glass bottles before? It was even practiced in far-flung rural communities. We can enforce zero-waste solutions, but corporations and lawmakers lack the will," said Banta.

Seventy-two percent of the 2022 national budget for solid waste management will be dedicated to the WTE of Davao.

"That's too much of a budget for a regional project that is environmentally destructive. Imagine if we reallocate our budget and invest in low-cost zero-waste solutions that are already in place," said Banta.

She also stressed that a large part of the money could have also been used for training waste workers in zero-waste projects, giving them the proper solid waste management training, and increasing their salaries and benefits.

"Waste management plays a large role in the climate crisis because the life cycle of a product or waste is already producing carbon emissions, which is why just energy transition also means hiring more waste workers, integrating waste workers in zero-waste projects, and institutionalizing their work," said Banta.

Role of waste pickers in the climate crisis

Back in New Carmen, Romero said that while he isn't familiar with climate change, he's sure that their work as waste pickers contributes to addressing the waste problem.

"I'm not sure about numbers, but perhaps, waste pickers like me address climate change by 50% because we recycle everything that we could find," said Romero.

Beyond the destructive environmental repercussions of the WTE project, Banta and Ledesma are also concerned about the consequences to workers in the formal and informal waste industry.

"We already have people doing the waste picking and the recycling, and there are also groups who upcycle, recycle, and compost. What will happen to them when this project is given a go signal?" asked Banta.

Romero said that instead of removing them from their livelihood, the local government can show their appreciation by providing them the support that they need to continue doing their livelihood.

"We aren't protected from our jobs, we go to work without proper equipment, we even step our bare feet on broken glass just so we could find a living, but still we can recycle a relevant amount of waste without much help," he said.

"What we need is an aid in terms of food, shelter, and even medicine because we earn so little, so that we may continue working," added Romero.

Romero recalled that their measly income isn't even enough for his family to afford electricity. But at least he finds disposed candles in the landfill which they recycle and lights at night.

"Sometimes we even find broken solar panels in the landfill. We fix them, and they give our homes power and electricity," said Romero.

Ledesma said that waste pickers are knowledgeable of the integrity of materials found in disposal sites, that's why they should play a significant role in redesigning systems.

"Without us, nobody would dare touch our wastes. And if we're displaced of our livelihood, you're also removing hands directly reversing climate change," said Romero.
*Names were changed to protect identities
This story was supported by Climate Tracker and FES Philippines

Geela Garcia is a freelance multimedia journalist and peasant advocate based in Manila.

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Davao City waste-to-energy project to fuel climate change, groups warn

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Davao City generates around 900 tons of garbage per day, and waste pickers like Romero find a living by recycling the dumpsite's overflowing waste.

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Greenhouse gas emissions in PH rising report  (RESEARCHED BY:REEVEN SAZON)

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URL: https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/11/20/18/greenhouse-gas-emission-in-ph-rising-report

TITLE: Greenhouse gas emissions in PH rising: report

AUTHOR:  Apples Jalandoni

DATE PUBLISHED: NOVEMBER 20,2018

KEY INFORMATION:  According Rodel D. Lasco, who is also the Scientific Director of the Oscar M. Lopez Center for Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management Foundation his report says that Philippines has a minimal share in global emission a mere 0.31 percent in 2010 and 0.39 percent in 2015 we felt this in rural places in Mindanao because the environment located in Mindanao are still clean and breathable.

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MANILA - The Philippine Climate Change Assessment Working Group 3 Report was launched on Monday during the opening ceremonies of the 2018 Global Warming and Climate Change Consciousness Week in Pasay City.

One of the lead authors, Rodel D. Lasco, who is also the Scientific Director of the Oscar M. Lopez Center for Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management Foundation, turned over the report to Climate Change Commission Executive Director Emmanuel M. De Guzman.

Focusing on climate change mitigation in the Philippines, the report assessed the country's contribution to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that cause climate change.

While the Philippines has a minimal share in the global emissions, a mere 0.31 percent in 2010 and 0.39 percent in 2015, the country's emissions are on the rise as the economy continues to grow.

The report puts a spotlight on 4 sectors that are the biggest contributors of greenhouse gas emissions: energy, industrial processes, agriculture, and waste generation.

The use of coal and fuel oil for electricity generation contributed 41.8 percent, almost half of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the country in 2010 and is growing annually by 3.7 percent. Transport ranked second with 35 percent of the total emissions.

The agriculture sector, particularly livestock farming and rice cultivation, produces methane (CH4) that is more potent as a heat-trapping gas.

For Lasco, while these sectors are the major culprits to the climate, they are also the key to successful climate mitigation efforts.

"Marami ang emission nila ngayon so sila rin 'yung puwedeng makapagbawas 'pag gumagamit sila ng mga magandang pamamaraan o teknolohiya," he said.

De Guzman believes the support of the private sector will enable the country to pursue a low carbon development pathway.

On the first day of the climate week observance, top business leaders, such as SM Prime Holdings Inc. chairman Hans Sy, First Philippine Holdings Corporation CEO Federico Lopez, members of the Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Bankers Association of the Philippines made a strong commitment to make business a key driver of climate action.

"We are very happy that the top business leaders are with us in this climate action advocacy. They would like to have a good environment for business towards sustainability and a low-carbon economy," De Guzman said.

Lopez, for instance, mentioned First Philippine Holdings Corporation's decision to "no longer build, develop or invest in coal-fired power plants" as they plan to further expand their renewable energy portfolio.

This year's Climate Week theme is "The 1.5 degrees Celsius Climate Challenge: Survive and Thrive Together".

A recent special report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) detailed some of the adverse effects of a global warming that is 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, which include extreme weather conditions, sea level rise, and the spread of diseases.

The IPCC report asserted that what could stop the acceleration of anthropogenic global warming is for the world's nations to achieve and maintain net-zero anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions.

As a party to the Paris Agreement, the Philippines is ready to do its part in climate change mitigation by mobilizing multi-sectoral sustainable development stakeholders and to synergize action towards a green economy and a low-carbon future.

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Greenhouse gas emissions in PH rising: report

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MANILA - The Philippine Climate Change Assessment Working Group 3 Report was launched on Monday during the opening ceremonies of the 2018 Global Warming and Climate Change Consciousness Week in Pasay City. One of the lead authors, Rodel D. Lasco, who is also the Scientific Director of the Oscar M.

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URL:  https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-34900312

TITLE:

COP21: Philippines wrestles with climate dilemma

AUTHOR: BBC NEWS

KEY INFORMATION:
The president of the Philippines has told the BBC the new coal plants are needed to meet demands for energy.

This comes despite environmental groups and some leading Filipino politicians arguing that coal is one of the biggest contributors to global warming.

Coal emits more greenhouse gas than any other fossil fuel.

And climate scientists have long concluded that burning more coal will undermine efforts to limit the rise in temperatures.

But many developing countries, facing rapid increases in population and surging economic growth, see coal as a relatively cheap option, which is why the Philippines is planning a total of 23 new coal plants. these actions can cause disasters in Mindanao such as typhoons and flood.

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A developing country dubbed one of the most vulnerable to climate change has confirmed controversial plans for more coal-fired power stations.

The president of the Philippines has told the BBC the new coal plants are needed to meet demands for energy.

This comes despite environmental groups and some leading Filipino politicians arguing that coal is one of the biggest contributors to global warming.

Coal emits more greenhouse gas than any other fossil fuel.

And climate scientists have long concluded that burning more coal will undermine efforts to limit the rise in temperatures.

But many developing countries, facing rapid increases in population and surging economic growth, see coal as a relatively cheap option, which is why the Philippines is planning a total of 23 new coal plants.

China, India and other fast-growing Asian economies also have plans for hundreds of new coal power stations.

The dilemma of how developing countries should generate electricity - and whether they should follow the path of the nations which industrialised first and became rich using coal - will loom large at the UN summit on climate change in Paris starting next week.

For the Philippines, coal currently generates about 42% of the country's electricity, with the rest coming from locally-sourced natural gas and renewables, but coal's share could potentially rise to about 70% in a few decades, according to some projections.

Speaking to the BBC, President Benigno Aquino said that reducing the use of coal in favour of gas, a popular choice for many, was not an option because of a lack of gas-importing facilities.

And he said that while the Philippines had increased the share of renewables, costs had limited their appeal until recently.

With solar, he said, "the price was considered too high so that it would bring up all of the electricity rates which would make us not competitive and will hamper the growth."

His concern is that higher power prices would "raise a hue and cry from our people about very high electricity rates which are at points in time the highest in the region".

The costs of solar had now fallen, Mr Aquino said, but that still left the problem of the intermittent nature of renewables, which he then chose to spell out.

"For instance, if we go to wind, are the wind turbines really working or not? Solar will get affected by cloudy conditions like this."

He was speaking under the dark clouds of Typhoon Koppu, known as Lando in the Philippines, which struck last month killing dozens of people and causing widespread flooding.

The president added: "Wave action is not yet developed sufficiently to be viable for the product mix.

"So what we're trying to do is ensure that we have the most modern coal plants that are in existence."

The push for more coal, in the face of strenuous objections, has dismayed many leading figures who say that there are many less-polluting alternatives.

Senator Loren Legarda, who chairs the country's Senate Finance Committee and has pushed through new legislation on climate change and energy, told me that "doing coal is a crime".

"It's a crime against humanity, it's just bad. It pollutes the already vulnerable environment, and coal kills - it kills our air, it kills our biodiversity.

"Coal is never an option, coal is not cheap. We must put in the negative effect of the health of the people, the negative effect on biodiversity, the bad effect on the environment , the bad effect on business."

Senator Legarda does not advocate closing down existing coal-burning power stations but says the global trend is to move away from coal and that her country should be part of that movement, particularly since its 98 million people are particularly vulnerable to a potential scenario of higher temperatures and more violent typhoons.

"Europe is downscaling on coal, many countries are downscaling on coal so why are we approving coal? It does not make sense. We are victims of climate change and we want to exacerbate it? We want to worsen the situation by doing more coal? It does not make sense."

Meanwhile, amid the debate over energy in the Philippines, there are efforts to help people cope with the kind of future disasters that may become more intense with climate change.

The charity Save the Children is providing advice to schools on how to teach children to be more aware of the possible dangers.

At the school in the village of San Augustin, in the flood-prone province of Bulacan on the central island of Luzon, pupils are given regular training drills in how to stay safe in situations such as flash floods.

According to one of the charity's organisers, Lourdes Pambid: "People are really getting to see the effects of these changes in the climate and they're also paying attention to these things."

She said the worry was that the next generation would grow up into a very different world.

"For children, it's losing their homes and even the type of their livelihoods.

"In Bulacan, it used to be a farming area and then the floods came in and some have shifted to fish farming but then conditions became worse and they had to give that up, they had to leave fishing.

"It could get worse if nobody does anything to address this situation so that's why the kids, the local government units, the government officials should be doing something about it."

Follow David on Twitter.

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COP21: Philippines wrestles with climate dilemma

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A developing country dubbed one of the most vulnerable to climate change has confirmed controversial plans for more coal-fired power stations. The president of the Philippines has told the BBC the new coal plants are needed to meet demands for energy.

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PH sets goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 75% by 2030 | ANC(RESEARCHED BY:REEVEN SAZON)

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TITLE: PH sets goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 75% by 2030

AUTHOR: ANC 24/7

DATE PUBLISHED:  NOVEMBER 10, 2021

KEY INFORMATION: Philippines is determine to be a world leader on the fight of climate change, former finance secretary Carlos Dominguez reiterate Philippines commitment by reducing greenhouse gas emission by 75% in 2030. Nowadays environment problem has really become the matter of concern for people here in Mindanao. The environmental dangers that now face mankind are alarming. Negative news about environmental problems can be heard and our place once a typhoon free, are now hit by it.

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PH sets goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 75% by 2030 | ANC

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Climate change: Philippines's coastal communities battle rising sea levels(RESEARCHED BY:TIMOTHY GERARD MOLINA)

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URL:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KicD_xeL7kA

TITLE:

Climate change: Philippines's coastal communities battle rising sea levels

AUTHOR: AL JAZEERA ENGLISH

KEY INFORMATION.
Rising ocean temperatures and sea levels have already had a significant impact on the Philippines' fishermen families' livelihoods and homes. As the sea level rises, many Filipino fishermen have difficulty catching fish.
This is because of the effects of climate change.

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Climate change: Philippines's coastal communities battle rising sea levels

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[OPINION] How is climate change worse than COVID-19 in your life? (RESEARCHED BY: HANNAH MARIE DUREZA)

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(9)  News Feature Article (Magazine Article)

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(9)  News Feature Article (Magazine Article)

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URL: https://www.rappler.com/voices/imho/opinion-how-climate-change-worse-than-covid-19/

TITLE: How is climate change worse than COVID-19 in your life?

AUTHORS: John Leo C. Algo

DATE PUBLISHED: March 10, 2022

KEY INFORMATION:
On February 28, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reminded the world once again of the severity of the climate crisis, through its latest report on the impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability to this global issue.

Living in one of the most vulnerable nations, Filipinos have experienced the wrath of a disrupted climate due to human activities, through super typhoons, droughts, and other hazards, for decades. But for us to avoid experiencing even more loss and damage in the future, we need to see and understand just how devastating the climate crisis could really be.

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For the past two years, the attention of the world has been on the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet there has always been an even bigger threat looming around us.

On February 28, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reminded the world once again of the severity of the climate crisis, through its latest report on the impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability to this global issue.

Living in one of the most vulnerable nations, Filipinos have experienced the wrath of a disrupted climate due to human activities, through super typhoons, droughts, and other hazards, for decades. But for us to avoid experiencing even more loss and damage in the future, we need to see and understand just how devastating the climate crisis could really be.

Based on this report, here are three concrete impacts by the climate crisis that are worse than those of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Physical and mental health

Make no mistake: climate change is more than just about disasters. The IPCC reports that higher temperatures can also lead to higher rates of mortality and morbidity. Changes in temperature and rainfall patterns have also led to increased cases for different food and vector-borne diseases such as dengue and malaria.

What you should be concerned about is that zoonoses, or infectious disease that has jumped from a non-human animal to humans, are emerging in new areas around the world due to climate change. In other words, the odds of having another situation like the COVID-19 pandemic should never be counted out.

One of the most significant issues to emerge from the pandemic is the value of mental health for a sustainable society. This report reveals that some mental health challenges are linked to climate change impacts such as warmer environments, trauma from extreme events such as typhoons, and losses of livelihoods and culture.

All of this has happened in a world warmer by 1 degree Celsius. At higher levels of global warming, the risks to our physical and mental health would likely increase, presenting direct and indirect threats to different aspects of our lives.

For instance, the risk of dengue would increase through longer seasons and a wider geographic distribution in many regions, which include the Philippines; this may put not millions, but billions of people at risk by the end of this century. Challenges to mental health that have become too familiar to us during this pandemic, including anxiety and stress, would also increase with more warming, especially for vulnerable peoples like the children, elderly, and those with existing medical problems.

Ecosystems and biodiversity

This pandemic should have made us realize that planetary health is a necessity for peoples' health. Without proper measures to protect our ecosystems and biodiversity, where the raw materials needed for economic production comes from, our ability to live a sustainable life is compromised.

Currently, around 3.3 to 3.6 billion people live in conditions considered as highly vulnerable to climate change, from the urban poor to indigenous peoples. Unsurprisingly, a higher proportion of species has become more vulnerable to its numerous impacts. Should you be surprised that the Philippines, one of the world's biodiversity hotspots with poor enforcement of environmental laws and nearly one-fourth of its people living under poverty, is one of the most vulnerable nations to the climate crisis?

In its latest report, the IPCC presents that many natural systems are reaching their limit in terms of adapting to climate change impacts, from higher temperatures to more acidic oceans. These systems include coral reefs, coastal wetlands, and rainforests, which are relevant to the Philippine context. The risk of extinction for endemic species in biodiversity hotspots could become 10 times as high in a 3-degree hotter planet.

Should global warming reach 1.5°C, some measures related to ecosystems-based adaptation will lose their effectiveness, and limited freshwater resources would be more common in small islands. At 2°C, multiple staple crops are at extremely high risk in tropical regions. At 3°C, water management measures would fail in many areas due to issues in water supply.

Sustainable development

The COVID-19 pandemic is not only a health and environmental crisis; it also either slowed down or stopped the economic development of virtually all nations for a long time. It is one of the main reasons why the Philippines experienced a recession last year, the worst in its postwar history. Price hikes on food, water, and electricity, issues with supply of essential products, and the shutdown of many businesses defined our lives for the past two years.

As bad as these trends have been for many Filipinos, the climate crisis, which directly affects our resources more than COVID, presents even bigger challenges in our pursuit of sustainable development. Per the report, our window of opportunity to achieve this future is getting smaller and smaller.

This would depend on the following factors: existing social and economic inequalities; existing resources, vulnerabilities, culture, and values; policies and programs that could lead to previous and potential greenhouse gas emissions. Every single one of these factors can be directly and indirectly impacted by the climate crisis.

We should especially understand how this crisis either starts or speeds up the degradation of our environment that is the source of all of our needs. Around 80% of all outcomes related to the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals would be negatively affected by the damages brought by climate change to our environment.

The IPCC report on impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability is only the latest wake-up call for all of us to realize that we cannot go back to the normal we used to know. If you think the "new normal" created by the COVID-19 pandemic is that bad, the climate crisis can easily give us an even worse one if we do not act quickly and decisively enough.

Why should we wait to find out what that looks like? - Rappler.com
John Leo is the Deputy Executive Director for Programs and Campaigns of Living Laudato Si' Philippines, and a member of the interim Secretariat of Aksyon Klima Pilipinas. He is one of the reviewers of the IPCC Working Group II Sixth Assessment Report.

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[OPINION] How is climate change worse than COVID-19 in your life?

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For the past two years, the attention of the world has been on the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet there has always been an even bigger threat looming around us. On February 28, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reminded the world once again of the severity of the climate crisis, through its latest report on the impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability to this global issue.

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Climate on our Minds on Earth Day 2021  (RESEARCHED BY: JAMIE NICOLE ABASTILLAS)

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URL: https://tonylavina.com/2021/04/28/climate-on-our-minds-on-earth-day-2021/

TITLE: Climate on our Minds on Earth Day

AUTHOR: Dean Antonio G.M. La Viña

DATE PUBLISHED: April 28, 2021

KEY INFORMATION: Dean Antonio G.M. La Viña, JSD is a teacher, thinker, leader, lawyer, human rights and climate justice advocate, and social entrepreneur. He is also known as for his climate change and environmental expertise.

He mentioned that the Philippines are a low emitter in comparison to high emitting countries like the United States and China but we emit more than most countries of the world. Island states and less developed countries emit much less than us.

Furthermore, he mentioned about the impacts of climate change one of it is disasters caused by extreme weather events impact the poor the most, as we saw in the last two months of 2020 when typhoons and storms Quinta, Rolly, Siony, Tonyo, and Ulysses hit Luzon in a span of six weeks. It seemed like a lopsided air war where our people and communities were completely helpless, which was then followed by a ground invasion in the form of floods that were abetted by previous bad decisions on land use that disadvantaged the poor even more.

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'Poor people in all countries will also be hit early and harder than the rich. Indeed, climate injustice is not only between countries, but also within countries.'
Let's be clear. There is no doubt that we are now on the cusp of a global climate emergency. According to United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres:

"2021 is a make or break year to confront the global climate emergency. The science is clear: to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 C, we must cut global emission by 45% by 2030 from 2010 levels."

In short, we are running out of time. In essence, we only have until 2030 to transform the global economy to avoid the worst impacts of climate change by 2050.

Those worst impacts of the climate emergency are not going to be distributed equally. Poor countries will suffer first and suffer much more, even though they have contributed very little to the problem. Poor people in all countries will also be hit early and harder than the rich. Indeed, climate injustice is not only between countries, but also within countries.

Causes of climate change

There are four important anthropogenic greenhouses gasses that are accumulating in the Earth's atmosphere, making the earth warmer, and disturbing the climate system. These are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases.

These greenhouse gases correspond to critical economic sectors.

Energy and forestry activities produce carbon dioxide; agriculture and unsustainable waste management emit methane; and industry emits nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases, as well as carbon dioxide and methane.

Urbanization amplifies these emissions. Unless we fix our cities and make them more smart and resilient, we will not be able to overcome the climate emergency.

At the global level, industrialized countries have contributed the most emissions historically and at present, but big and middle income/emerging developing countries are increasing their contributions.

The least developed countries, which include many island states and African countries, contribute negligibly to the problem even as they are the most vulnerable to climate change.

The Philippines is a middle income country, but we are, as an archipelago, extremely vulnerable to climate change. We are a low emitter in comparison to high emitting countries like the United States and China but we emit more than most countries of the world. Island states and less developed countries emit much less than us.

As of writing, there is a summit of leaders going on in the White House hosted by President Biden. I hope that meeting will yield good outcomes as we are already facing climate impacts.

Impacts of climate change

The impacts of climate change are not distributed equally.

Disasters caused by extreme weather events impact the poor the most, as we saw in the last two months of 2020 when typhoons and storms Quinta, Rolly, Siony, Tonyo, and Ulysses hit Luzon in a span of six weeks.

It seemed like a lopsided air war where our people and communities were completely helpless, which was then followed by a ground invasion in the form of floods that were abetted by previous bad decisions on land use that disadvantaged the poor even more.

Sea level rise is also going to disproportionately impact the poor, as they do not have a lot of options in terms of relocating from the vulnerable areas where most of their current settlements are.

Likewise, it's the poor in both cities and rural areas that will be bear the brunt of food and water scarcity as their options are limited.

Loss of biodiversity will also affect the rural poor, and especially indigenous peoples the most, as they rely on the richness of biological resources for food and livelihoods, not to mention their spiritual connection to the wildlife that surrounds them.

Finally, the climate emergency will give rise to serious public health impacts for everyone, but especially for the poor. Among others, we could see more zoonotic diseases that result in pandemics, and while rich and poor will be affected, it is the latter that will be affected more, as we are seeing today.

Mitigation, adaptation, and integrated solutions

There are mitigation actions we can take - abandon coal and oil completely as energy sources as early as possible and hasten to transition to a renewable energy based system, fix our solid waste management system, and change production and consumption patterns radically to prevent all forms of pollution.

In addition to mitigation, we must also implement adaptation strategies and interventions, including reducing risks to climate and other disasters, improving land use and infrastructure so that anticipated climate challenges can be addressed early on, and of course being diligent in protecting our watersheds and other sources of water so we can preserve all options.

But I would say that, together, in the energy transition which we must absolutely do as our contribution to global climate mitigation, the priorities for the Philippines are those solutions which integrate both mitigation and adaptation - which will meet these dual objectives and are also good for the economy and especially for the poor.

These are nature-based solutions such as expanding protected areas, and protecting as well as enhancing our forests, implementing climate friendly agriculture that emit less if not zero emissions while increasing production and uplifting livelihoods, and renewing our cities to make them more resilient and adaptive.

For the latter, every city is different, and it is imperative to identify the threats and risks now and to make the critical land use decisions and implement well-designed interventions as early as possible.

From personal to political action

There are things we can do to contribute to solutions and not add to the problem.

For individuals and families, the key phrase is "low carbon lifestyle" - what we eat, how we commute, our traveling habits, how we consume energy at work and home, what we throw away and keep, avoiding single use plastics, etc.

We can also do community actions like tree planting, urban gardening, and zero waste management.

But while we should all do what we can, we must not forget that a global problem requires a global solution, and individual actions by themselves will not bring the system change we need.

The climate emergency is a social justice and human rights problem with roots that are structural. To effectively respond to climate change and to avert worse, governments and big corporations must transform and lead the way towards a just transition that does not sacrifice again the needs and interests of the poor.

For the Philippines, this means that we should be serious in achieving the targets we have adopted in our newly submitted Nationally Determined Contribution to the Paris Agreement. Our emissions must peak by 2030 and we must reduce our emissions by 75% in 2030.

My view is that these targets are not ambitious enough, especially because of our reliance on foreign aid which might not be available. But for now, we can start with this and we must now develop and adopt the plans and programs that we will implement to achieve these targets. This includes also proposing concrete projects our international partners can support.

Big business must also radically change.

Concretely, April 22, 2021 marks both Earth Day and the start of the annual shareholders' meeting season of our local banks, starting with BPI. We are reminded of the pressing need to address the climate emergency and the role our banks play in funding a major driver of climate change: coal.

Sadly, as well-documented by the Withdraw from Coal Coalition (WFC), some Philippine banks are contributing to our reliance on this deadly, costly, and destructive energy source by channeling billions of dollars into coal developers and projects around the country. According to WFC, BPI is the top financier of coal, closely followed by the Philippine National Bank (PNB), and BDO Unibank.

I join the rest of the world in calling on our banks to withdraw from coal. We challenge them to bring this up during their annual shareholders' meetings, come up with clear public policies to turn their portfolio coal-free, and use their financial resources to support clean and affordable renewable energy.

Climate is on my mind on Earth Day 2021. It's a huge challenge. But I am confident we can overcome this challenge if put all our minds together, imagine the possible, do the right thing ourselves, and succeed in getting the big players to do that, too. - Rappler.com

Visit this website to access the article.

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'Poor people in all countries will also be hit early and harder than the rich. Indeed, climate injustice is not only between countries, but also within countries.' Let's be clear. There is no doubt that we are now on the cusp of a global climate emergency.

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Air pollution advocacy video | Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 RA 8749 | Hangin sa ating mundo. PH (RESEARCHED BY: JAMIE NICOLE ABASTILLAS)

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URL: https://youtu.be/C8WfrMREHig

TITLE: Air pollution advocacy video | Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 RA 8749 | Hangin sa ating mundo. PH

AUTHOR: Biker Coolafu

DATE RELEASED: October 18, 2019

KEY INFORMATION: College students from Malayan Colleges Laguna made a promotional video project how air pollution affects us and it's being mentioned that based on 2016 statistics from the World Health Air pollution can be defined as the presence of harmful chemicals in the air we breathe — chemicals that can hamper one’s good health. Said chemicals are products of myriad anthropogenic activities, such as fuel combustion from vehicles, heat and power generation due to oil and coal power plants, smoke from manufacturing factories and mines, waste incineration, and even the simple act of cooking food at home.

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Air pollution advocacy video | Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 RA 8749 | Hangin sa ating mundo. PH

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LOREN LEGARDA: BUHOS, A Climate Change Documentary FULL (RESEARCHED BY BRENT ABAGON)

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URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ESW_S8ZHS80

TITLE:  BUHOS

AUTHORS: Loren Legarda, Brillante Mendoza

DATE RELEASED: 17 Aug 2011

KEY INFO: The director, Brillante Mendoza took advertising arts of the College of Architecture and fine arts at the University of Santo Tomas. He has directed sixteen films since 2005, also he credited some cinematographer and production designer under his alias. His first frequent collaboration with actor Coco Martin in seven films including Masahista, Summer Heat, Foster Child, Tirador, Serbis, Kinatay, and Captive.

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LOREN LEGARDA: BUHOS, A Climate Change Documentary FULL

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GLOBAL WARMING (RESEARCHED BY:TIMOTHY GERARD MOLINA)

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URL:
https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=917605155795919&set=basw.AboqYTCYAGxRTvC2MgE5xNvUrPmgfBUA4meUNYQ-WPQDrJvDvhCOnJ7bUqw8FhunWdSbZVAP6GGWhzvdvpAbYb_f3SJjU7RdQtSONo7oMzl-qPMZNd6ZhfZ9K3Kjh9PSNyoYKOriOLLAXQ0cML7zIBTDPHj2QsoJzU0ZaACtHrheoJhYOFsRLIC4gk

TITLE: GLOBAL WARMING there is no plan b

AUTHOR:fatma mandali

DATE PUBLISHED: DEC 18,2021

KEY INFORMATION:
A grade 10 student created this for a performance task.
She created a poster to advocate for climate change. since this is the current climatic battle with which our country is confronted
The poster explains why we must protect our environment before it is too late. There is only one planet; there is no planet b. For a long time, the warnings about global warming have been loud and clear. We are in the midst of a global climate disaster. It's getting worse. We are about to enter a time of consequences.

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LOREN LEGARDA: Message for Greenpeace’s side event on Climate Change and Human Rights  (RESEARCHED BY: HANNAH MARIE DUREZA)

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URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VumbKmootnw

TITLE:

LOREN LEGARDA: Message for Greenpeace’s side event on Climate Change and Human Rights

AUTHOR: Lorna Regina Bautista Legarda

DATE PUBLISHED: December 6, 2015

KEY INFORMATION: The 2015 Paris Climate Conference is a crucial event for the future of humanity and of the world. Clearly, we all know that we have to take action against climate change. But the issue now is how much action we need to take.

We have seen many times the impact of natural hazard extremes and the prevalence of disaster risk, exacerbated by climate change. They wipe out entire cities and communities.

This climate crisis affects food, water, settlement, jobs, livelihood, human welfare, safety and security, poverty reduction, economic growth, and, consequently, our overall pursuit of sustainable development.

Scientists agree that the main cause of climate change is attributed to human activity and its production of excessive greenhouse gas emissions that alter the composition of the global atmosphere. Unless drastic cuts in GHG emissions are introduced, global temperatures are projected to increase by 0.3 to 4.8 degrees Celsius by the end of this century.

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LOREN LEGARDA: Message for Greenpeace’s side event on Climate Change and Human Rights

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Davao City Air Quality Index (AQI) and Philippines Air Pollution | IQAir  (RESEARCHED BY: JAMIE NICOLE ABASTILLAS)

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URL: https://www.iqair.com/philippines/davao/davao-city?fbclid=IwAR2t88fgmmJrFiZEQypUWc7ogZU8Bwhv2u4HHfu3Y132rqGM5d98VWaXWic

TITLE: Air quality in Davao City

AUTHOR: IQAir

KEY INFORMATION: According to this statistical data, as of August 25, the air quality is good (AQI US - 30 Good). Furthermore, this shows the daily and hourly air quality index (AQI) and air quality graph of Davao City.

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Weather

What is the current weather in Davao City?

Weather

Broken clouds

Temperature

80.6°C

Humidity

79%

Wind

7 mp/h

Pressure

1009 mb

live Davao City aqi ranking

Real-time Davao City air quality ranking
SEE WORLD AQI RANKING

Forecast

Davao City air quality index (AQI) forecast

Day

Pollution level

Weather

Temperature

Wind

Interested in hourly forecast? Get the app

Historical

Historic air quality graph for Davao City

How to best protect from air pollution?

Reduce your air pollution exposure in Davao City

Where is the cleanest air quality in Davao City?

Davao City air pollution by location

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Davao City Air Quality Index (AQI) and Philippines Air Pollution | IQAir

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Weather Broken clouds Temperature 80.6°C Humidity 79% Wind 7 mp/h Pressure 1009 mb Real-time Davao City air quality ranking SEE WORLD AQI RANKING Day Pollution level Weather Temperature Wind Interested in hourly forecast? Get the app Reduce your air pollution exposure in Davao City Davao City air pollution by location

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Air Quality Management  (RESEARCHED BY: JAMIE NICOLE ABASTILLAS)

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URL: https://r11.emb.gov.ph/programs/air-quality-management/

TITLE: Air Quality Management

AUTHOR: DENR ENB-XI

KEY INFORMATION: To improve the air quality in urban city, Air Quality Monitoring (AQM) strategies are required (Wark et al. (1998). One important key element in developing this strategy is “preparation of emission inventory” and it requires detailed knowledge of emissions from the relevant sources. The emission data will enable air pollution modeling, a powerful tool capable to simulate impacts of policy for establishing abatement strategies to improve air quality (Khatami et al., 1998). The sources of air pollution can be categorized by their origins, either primary or secondary pollutant, and so on. The classification of sources of air pollution by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is commonly used which split the sources into two main categories which are anthropogenic and natural sources.

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URL: https://www.facebook.com/PhilippineSTAR/videos/385576116362532/

TITLE: The STAR CONVOS x EDC Webinar: The Day We Go Zero

AUTHOR:  Sen. Loren Legarda, Sec. Emmanuel De Guzma, Mr. Richard B. Tantoco

DATE PUBLISHED: 22 September 2021

KEY INFORMATION: Lorna Regina "Loren" Bautista Legarda  is a Filipina politician, environmentalist, cultural worker, and former journalist who is currently serving as a Senator and the president pro tempore of the Senate of the Philippines since 2022. She previously served three terms in the Senate from 1998 to 2004 and from 2007 to 2019.

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The STAR CONVOS x EDC Webinar: The Day We Go Zero | As we continue to face the worsening state of the climate situation, it's high time for us to step up and be a game-changer in this fight against climate... | By Philippine Star | Facebook

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37K views, 130 likes, 32 loves, 21 comments, 40 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Philippine Star: As we continue to face the worsening state of the climate situation, it's high time for us to step...

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n11._philippineco2_ (RESEARCHED BY BRENT ABAGON)

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URL:  Philippine Forest Ecosystems and Climate Change - UQ eSpace

TITLE:  Philippine Forest Ecosystems and Climate Change: Carbon stocks, Rate of Sequestration and the Kyoto Protocol

AUTHORS:  Rodel D. Lasco, Florencia B. Pulhin

DATE: 2003

KEY INFO:  Dr. Lasco is a senior scientist, serving as the Country Coordinator for ICRAF-Philippines. He is responsible for taking leadership in assuring the quality, integration, planning, and implementation of ICRAF activities in the Philippines. He likewise conducts research on climate change and natural resources management. Dr. Lasco holds a PhD degree on Forestry in Silviculture and Environmental Management from the University of the Philippines.

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[PODCAST] The Green Report: Climate change is a human rights issue. Now what? (RESEARCHED BY: JOSH ASHLEY REYES)

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URL: https://www.rappler.com/environment/the-green-report-podcast-episode-climate-change-human-rights-issue/?fbclid=IwAR2gWpI-2xRutQJ7_b6YBnEH-5ZNeS9zzeRrcqdz1gMuhX85xJGhts7N3zA

TITLE: Episode 2: Climate Change Is A Human Rights Issue. Now What?

AUTHOR: The Green Report

DATE RELEASED: May 28, 2022

KEY INFORMATION: This podcast talks about how Climate Change is dangerous and its lack of legal action toward environmental sustainability. The podcast talks about how hazardous Climate Change is, which is relevant to today's issues in our country. Unfortunately, according to this podcast, our budget for environmental sustainability/protection is not enough to practice environmental preservation.

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In this episode, we talk to Derek Cabe of the Coal-Free Bataan Movement, one of the petitioners in the landmark case that launched a national inquiry

The Commission on Human Rights recently released a 160-page report on climate change, wrapping up its years-long inquiry on the issue. Driven by a petition filed in 2015, the inquiry found that the climate crisis has been "negatively impacting the human rights of the Filipino people and adversely affecting the right to life."

In this episode, Jee Geronimo talks to Derek Cabe of the Coal-Free Bataan Movement, one of the petitioners in the landmark case that launched the national inquiry.

Listen to The Green Report on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. - Rappler.com

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[PODCAST] The Green Report: Climate change is a human rights issue. Now what?

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In this episode, we talk to Derek Cabe of the Coal-Free Bataan Movement, one of the petitioners in the landmark case that launched a national inquiry The Commission on Human Rights recently released a 160-page report on climate change, wrapping up its years-long inquiry on the issue.

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SPECIAL REPORT: Managing air quality beyond COVID-19 (RESEARCHED BY: JAMIE NICOLE ABASTILLAS)

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URL: https://www.greenpeace.org/philippines/publication/9753/special-report-managing-air-quality-beyond-covid-19/?fbclid=IwAR0Gr0MRIXFgzDMc_DKbUB4AcupEostmRNsGoCO_Ydv113T-lkLhQ9y6qwU

TITLE: SPECIAL REPORT: Managing air quality beyond COVID-19

Author: GREENPEACE

DATE PUBLISHED: June 03, 2020

KEY INFORMATION: On this article, it was discussed that every year in the Philippines, air pollution from fossil fuels takes millions of lives, increases risk to strokes, lung cancer and asthma, and costs the country trillions of dollars in economic losses. Filipinos have long been bearing the brunt of climate impacts, as well as health and economic impacts of dirty air.