# data[].attributes.headline
"I am by birth a Genevese, and my family is one of the most distinguished of that republic."

# data[].attributes.subject
"I am by birth a Genevese, and my family is one of the most distinguished of that republic."

# data[].attributes.body
Why is Victor Frankenstein's family structure significant in his life choices?

# data[].attributes.headline
"It was the secrets of heaven and earth that I desired to learn; and whether it was the outward substance of things, or the inner spirit of nature and the mysterious soul of man that occupied me, still my enquiries were directed to the metaphysical, or in its highest sense, the physical secrets of the world."

# data[].attributes.subject
"It was the secrets of heaven and earth that I desired to learn; and whether it was the outward substance of things, or the inner spirit of nature and the mysterious soul of man that occupied me, still my enquiries were directed to the metaphysical, or in its highest sense, the physical secrets of the world."

# data[].attributes.body
Characterize the speaker (Victor) from the passage and include how the details enable his future endeavors.

# data[].attributes.headline
"At one end of the big barn, on a sort of raised platform, Major was already ensconced on his bed of straw, under a lantern which hung from a beam. He was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout, but he was still a majestic-looking pig, with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact that his tushes had never been cut. Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions. First came the three dogs, Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher, and then the pigs, who settled down in the straw immediately in front of the platform. The hens perched themselves on the window-sills, the pigeons fluttered up to the rafters, the sheep and cows lay down behind the pigs and began to chew the cud. The two cart-horses, Boxer and Clover, came in together, walking very slowly and setting down their vast hairy hoofs with great care lest there should be some small animal concealed in the straw. Clover was a stout motherly mare approaching middle life, who had never quite got her figure back after her fourth foal. Boxer was an enormous beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as strong as any two ordinary horses put together. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance, and in fact he was not of first-rate intelligence, but he was universally respected for his steadiness of character and tremendous powers of work. After the horses came Muriel, the white goat, and Benjamin, the donkey. Benjamin was the oldest animal on the farm, and the worst tempered. He seldom talked, and when he did, it was usually to make some cynical remark — for instance, he would say that God had given him a tail to keep the flies off, but that he would sooner have had no tail and no flies. Alone among the animals on the farm he never laughed. If asked why, he would say that he saw nothing to laugh at. Nevertheless, without openly admitting it, he was devoted to Boxer; the two of them usually spent their Sundays together in the small paddock beyond the orchard, grazing side by side and never speaking.The two horses had just lain down when a brood of ducklings, which had lost their mother, filed into the barn, cheeping feebly and wandering from side to side to find some place where they would not be trodden on. Clover made a sort of wall round them with her great fore leg, and the ducklings nestled down inside it and promptly fell asleep. At the last moment Mollie, the foolish, pretty white mare who drew Mr. Jones’s trap, came mincing daintily in, chewing at a lump of sugar. She took a place near the front and began flirting her white mane, hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plaited with. Last of all came the cat, who looked round, as usual, for the warmest place, and finally squeezed herself in between Boxer and Clover; there she purred contentedly throughout Major’s speech without listening to a word of what he was saying.All the animals were now present except Moses, the tame raven, who slept on a perch behind the back door. "

# data[].attributes.subject
"At one end of the big barn, on a sort of raised platform, Major was already ensconced on his bed of straw, under a lantern which hung from a beam. He was twelve years old and had lately grown rather stout, but he was still a majestic-looking pig, with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact that his tushes had never been cut. Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions. First came the three dogs, Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher, and then the pigs, who settled down in the straw immediately in front of the platform. The hens perched themselves on the window-sills, the pigeons fluttered up to the rafters, the sheep and cows lay down behind the pigs and began to chew the cud. The two cart-horses, Boxer and Clover, came in together, walking very slowly and setting down their vast hairy hoofs with great care lest there should be some small animal concealed in the straw. Clover was a stout motherly mare approaching middle life, who had never quite got her figure back after her fourth foal. Boxer was an enormous beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as strong as any two ordinary horses put together. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance, and in fact he was not of first-rate intelligence, but he was universally respected for his steadiness of character and tremendous powers of work. After the horses came Muriel, the white goat, and Benjamin, the donkey. Benjamin was the oldest animal on the farm, and the worst tempered. He seldom talked, and when he did, it was usually to make some cynical remark — for instance, he would say that God had given him a tail to keep the flies off, but that he would sooner have had no tail and no flies. Alone among the animals on the farm he never laughed. If asked why, he would say that he saw nothing to laugh at. Nevertheless, without openly admitting it, he was devoted to Boxer; the two of them usually spent their Sundays together in the small paddock beyond the orchard, grazing side by side and never speaking.The two horses had just lain down when a brood of ducklings, which had lost their mother, filed into the barn, cheeping feebly and wandering from side to side to find some place where they would not be trodden on. Clover made a sort of wall round them with her great fore leg, and the ducklings nestled down inside it and promptly fell asleep. At the last moment Mollie, the foolish, pretty white mare who drew Mr. Jones’s trap, came mincing daintily in, chewing at a lump of sugar. She took a place near the front and began flirting her white mane, hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plaited with. Last of all came the cat, who looked round, as usual, for the warmest place, and finally squeezed herself in between Boxer and Clover; there she purred contentedly throughout Major’s speech without listening to a word of what he was saying.All the animals were now present except Moses, the tame raven, who slept on a perch behind the back door. "

# data[].attributes.body
What is significant about how the animals arrange themselves as they gather to hear Major?
What might this arrangement say about future meetings or events?

# data[].attributes.headline
"I merely repeat, remember always your duty of enmity towardsMan and all his ways. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend. And remember also that in fighting against Man, we must not come to resemble him. Even when you have conquered him, do not adopt his vices. No animal must ever live in a house, or sleep in a bed, or wear clothes, or drink alcohol, or smoke tobacco, or touch money, or engage in trade. All the habits of Man are evil. And, above all, no animal must ever tyrannise over his own kind. Weak or strong, clever or simple, we are all brothers. No animal must ever kill any other animal. All animals are equal."

# data[].attributes.subject
"I merely repeat, remember always your duty of enmity towardsMan and all his ways. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend. And remember also that in fighting against Man, we must not come to resemble him. Even when you have conquered him, do not adopt his vices. No animal must ever live in a house, or sleep in a bed, or wear clothes, or drink alcohol, or smoke tobacco, or touch money, or engage in trade. All the habits of Man are evil. And, above all, no animal must ever tyrannise over his own kind. Weak or strong, clever or simple, we are all brothers. No animal must ever kill any other animal. All animals are equal."

# data[].attributes.body
Choose one of these commandments and explain how it can be considered a vice and why Old Major insists that animals avoid this behavior.
a. No animal is ever to sleep in a bed.
b. No animal is ever to wear clothes.
c. No animal is ever to drink alcohol.
d. No animal must ever kill any other animal.
e. All animals are equal.

# data[].attributes.headline
"One of the small boys, Henry, said that he wanted to go home."Shut up," said Ralph absently. He lifted the conch. "Seems to me we ought to have a chief to decide things.""A chief! A chief!""I ought to be chief," said Jack with simple arrogance, "because I'm chapter chorister and head boy. I can sing C sharp."Another buzz."Well then," said Jack, "I--"He hesitated. The dark boy, Roger, stirred at last and spoke up."Let's have a vote.""Yes!""Vote for chief!""Let's vote--"This toy of voting was almost as pleasing as the conch. Jack started to protest but the clamor changed from the general wish for a chief to an election by acclaim of Ralph himself.None of the boys could have found good reason for this; what intelligence had been shown was traceable to Piggy while the most obvious leader was Jack. But there was a stillness aboutRalph as he sat that marked him out: there was his size, and attractive appearance; and most obscurely, yet most powerfully, there was the conch. The being that had blown that, had sat waiting for them on the platform with the delicate thing balanced on his knees, was set apart."Him with the shell.""Ralph! Ralph!""Let him be chief with the trumpet-thing."Ralph raised a hand for silence."All right. Who wants Jack for chief?"With dreary obedience the choir raised their hands."Who wants me?"Every hand outside the choir except Piggy's was raised immediately. Then Piggy, too, raised his hand grudgingly into the air.Ralph counted."I'm chief then."

# data[].attributes.subject
"One of the small boys, Henry, said that he wanted to go home."Shut up," said Ralph absently. He lifted the conch. "Seems to me we ought to have a chief to decide things.""A chief! A chief!""I ought to be chief," said Jack with simple arrogance, "because I'm chapter chorister and head boy. I can sing C sharp."Another buzz."Well then," said Jack, "I--"He hesitated. The dark boy, Roger, stirred at last and spoke up."Let's have a vote.""Yes!""Vote for chief!""Let's vote--"This toy of voting was almost as pleasing as the conch. Jack started to protest but the clamor changed from the general wish for a chief to an election by acclaim of Ralph himself.None of the boys could have found good reason for this; what intelligence had been shown was traceable to Piggy while the most obvious leader was Jack. But there was a stillness aboutRalph as he sat that marked him out: there was his size, and attractive appearance; and most obscurely, yet most powerfully, there was the conch. The being that had blown that, had sat waiting for them on the platform with the delicate thing balanced on his knees, was set apart."Him with the shell.""Ralph! Ralph!""Let him be chief with the trumpet-thing."Ralph raised a hand for silence."All right. Who wants Jack for chief?"With dreary obedience the choir raised their hands."Who wants me?"Every hand outside the choir except Piggy's was raised immediately. Then Piggy, too, raised his hand grudgingly into the air.Ralph counted."I'm chief then."

# data[].attributes.body
What do the boys' attitudes and actions regarding the vote for leader reveal about human nature?

# data[].attributes.headline
Ralph looked at him sidelong and said nothing."I expect we'll want to know all their names," said the fat boy, "and make a list. We ought to have a meeting."Ralph did not take the hint so the fat boy was forced to continue."I don't care what they call me," he said confidentially, "so long as they don't call me what they used to call me at school."Ralph was faintly interested."What was that?"The fat boy glanced over his shoulder, then leaned toward Ralph.He whispered."They used to call me 'Piggy.'"Ralph shrieked with laughter. He jumped up."Piggy! Piggy!""Ralph--please!"Piggy clasped his hands in apprehension."I said I didn't want--""Piggy! Piggy!"Ralph danced out into the hot air of the beach and then returned as a fighter-plane, with wings swept back, and machine-gunned Piggy. "Sche-aa-ow!"He dived in the sand at Piggy's feet and lay there laughing."Piggy!"Piggy grinned reluctantly, pleased despite himself at even this much recognition."So long as you don't tell the others--"Ralph giggled into the sand. The expression of pain and concentration returned to Piggy's face..."You're talking too much," said Jack Merridew. "Shut up, Fatty."Laughter arose."He's not Fatty," cried Ralph, "his real name's Piggy!""Piggy!""Piggy!""Oh, Piggy!"A storm of laughter arose and even the tiniest child joined in. For the moment the boys were a closed circuit of sympathy with Piggy outside: he went very pink, bowed his head and cleaned his glasses again. Finally the laughter died away and the naming continued."

# data[].attributes.subject
Ralph looked at him sidelong and said nothing."I expect we'll want to know all their names," said the fat boy, "and make a list. We ought to have a meeting."Ralph did not take the hint so the fat boy was forced to continue."I don't care what they call me," he said confidentially, "so long as they don't call me what they used to call me at school."Ralph was faintly interested."What was that?"The fat boy glanced over his shoulder, then leaned toward Ralph.He whispered."They used to call me 'Piggy.'"Ralph shrieked with laughter. He jumped up."Piggy! Piggy!""Ralph--please!"Piggy clasped his hands in apprehension."I said I didn't want--""Piggy! Piggy!"Ralph danced out into the hot air of the beach and then returned as a fighter-plane, with wings swept back, and machine-gunned Piggy. "Sche-aa-ow!"He dived in the sand at Piggy's feet and lay there laughing."Piggy!"Piggy grinned reluctantly, pleased despite himself at even this much recognition."So long as you don't tell the others--"Ralph giggled into the sand. The expression of pain and concentration returned to Piggy's face..."You're talking too much," said Jack Merridew. "Shut up, Fatty."Laughter arose."He's not Fatty," cried Ralph, "his real name's Piggy!""Piggy!""Piggy!""Oh, Piggy!"A storm of laughter arose and even the tiniest child joined in. For the moment the boys were a closed circuit of sympathy with Piggy outside: he went very pink, bowed his head and cleaned his glasses again. Finally the laughter died away and the naming continued."

# data[].attributes.body
Characterize "Piggy" from the passage and include how his personal self-image could predict his behavior later in the novel. Remember, you are inferring from the text at this point.

# data[].attributes.headline
"They called him Moishe the Beadle, as if his entire life he had never had a surname. He was the jack-of-all-trades in a Hasidic house of prayer, a shtibl. The Jews of Sighet—the little town in Transylvania where I spent my childhood—were fond of him. He was poor and lived in utter penury.As a rule, our townspeople, while they did help the needy, did not particularly like them. Moishe the Beadle was the exception. He stayed out of people's way. His presence bothered no one. He had mastered the art of rendering himself insignificant, invisible. Physically, he was as awkward as a clown. His waiflike shyness made people smile. As for me, I liked his wide, dreamy eyes, gazing off into the distance. He spoke little. He sang, or rather he chanted, and the few snatches I caught here and there spoke of divine suffering, of the Shekhinah in Exile, where, according to Kabbalah, it awaits its redemption linked to that of man.I met him in 1941. I was almost thirteen and deeply observant.By day I studied Talmud and by night I would run to the synagogue to weep over the destruction of the Temple."

# data[].attributes.subject
"They called him Moishe the Beadle, as if his entire life he had never had a surname. He was the jack-of-all-trades in a Hasidic house of prayer, a shtibl. The Jews of Sighet—the little town in Transylvania where I spent my childhood—were fond of him. He was poor and lived in utter penury.As a rule, our townspeople, while they did help the needy, did not particularly like them. Moishe the Beadle was the exception. He stayed out of people's way. His presence bothered no one. He had mastered the art of rendering himself insignificant, invisible. Physically, he was as awkward as a clown. His waiflike shyness made people smile. As for me, I liked his wide, dreamy eyes, gazing off into the distance. He spoke little. He sang, or rather he chanted, and the few snatches I caught here and there spoke of divine suffering, of the Shekhinah in Exile, where, according to Kabbalah, it awaits its redemption linked to that of man.I met him in 1941. I was almost thirteen and deeply observant.By day I studied Talmud and by night I would run to the synagogue to weep over the destruction of the Temple."

# data[].attributes.body
Why did the author spend so much time describing Moishe, the Beadle? What predictions do you have regarding how it will be significant later?

# data[].attributes.headline
"Night. No one was praying for the night to pass quickly. The stars were but sparks of the immense conflagration that was consuming us. Were this conflagration to be extinguished one day, nothing would be left in the sky but extinct stars and unseeing eyes.There was nothing else to do but to go to bed, in the beds of those who had moved on. We needed to rest, to gather our strength.At daybreak, the gloom had lifted. The mood was more confident."

# data[].attributes.subject
"Night. No one was praying for the night to pass quickly. The stars were but sparks of the immense conflagration that was consuming us. Were this conflagration to be extinguished one day, nothing would be left in the sky but extinct stars and unseeing eyes.There was nothing else to do but to go to bed, in the beds of those who had moved on. We needed to rest, to gather our strength.At daybreak, the gloom had lifted. The mood was more confident."

# data[].attributes.body
Analyze the contrast between night and day. What is significant about the night and why is it mentioned daily?