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Abdulla Sulaymon oʻgʻli, widely known by his pen name Cholpon (Чўлпон), meaning "Morning Star" or "Venus," was one of the most brilliant and tragic figures in early 20th-century Uzbek literature. Born in 1897 in Andijan, he emerged as a pioneering poet, writer, playwright, publicist, and translator, becoming a central figure of the Jadid movement – an intellectual and reformist movement among Muslim intellectuals in the Russian Empire.

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Abdulla Sulaymon oʻgʻli, known as Cholpon, was born in 1897 in Andijan, then part of the Russian Empire. He came from a well-off merchant family that supported his education.

Cholpon received a comprehensive education: attending a traditional madrasah, a "new method" (Jadid) school, and a Russian-native school. This diverse background deeply influenced his literary talents and exposed him to the reformist ideas of the Jadid movement.

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Cholpon's work was deeply imbued with themes of freedom, national identity, justice, and a yearning for an independent homeland. He played a crucial role in shaping modern Uzbek literature, introducing new forms and genres while pushing for social and cultural reforms. His lyrical poetry, symbolic narratives, and powerful dramas often used allegories to express resistance against oppression and advocate for progress, making him a voice for his people during a tumultuous period.

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FROM THE LIFE HISTORY OF ABDULHAMID CHOLPON | PEDAGOGS

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Abstract: This article tells the story of the life of Andijan’s son Abdulhamid Cholpon, a representative of the great Jadid literature. Through the article, you can find out information about the hardships of Cholpan in his life. In addition, you can see the proof of the fact that Abdulhamid Cholpon left an indelible mark in modern literature as well in the information presented in the article.

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* Family: As mentioned, he came from a relatively affluent and educated merchant family, which likely provided a stable upbringing and fostered his intellectual development.

* Relationships: Cholpon was known to have been married and had two daughters, though specific details about his wife and children are not widely documented. His personal life was often overshadowed by his public role as a leading Jadid intellectual and artist.

* Character and Personality: Contemporaries described him as a passionate, intelligent, and deeply thoughtful individual. He was highly dedicated to his literary craft and the cause of national awakening. Despite the increasing political pressures, he remained committed to expressing his ideas through his art.

* Tragic End: His personal life was ultimately shattered by the political repressions of the Soviet regime. His arrest in 1937 and subsequent execution in 1938 brutally cut short his life, leaving his family to bear the stigma of being relatives of an "enemy of the people" during a dark period of history.

Cholpon's personal struggles and sacrifices are often seen as emblematic of the fate of many Jadid intellectuals who prioritized their nation's future over personal safety.

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Cholpon's legacy and influence on Uzbek literature, culture, and national consciousness are immense and multifaceted, despite the Soviet regime's efforts to erase his memory for decades.

1. Pioneer of Modern Uzbek Literature:

* He is considered one of the founders of modern Uzbek literature, moving it beyond traditional forms.

* He introduced new genres like symbolic poetry, psychological drama, and realistic prose, enriching the literary landscape.

* His innovative use of language, imagery, and emotional depth set new standards for literary expression.

2. Voice of the Jadid Movement and National Awakening:

* As a leading figure of the Jadid movement, Cholpon eloquently articulated ideas of national identity, self-determination, and social reform.

* His works often contained thinly veiled allegories advocating for freedom, education, and progress, inspiring a generation of intellectuals and patriots.

* He instilled a sense of pride and a yearning for an independent future among the Uzbek people during a period of colonial rule and subsequent Soviet imposition.

3. Symbol of Artistic Integrity and Resistance:

* Cholpon's steadfast commitment to his artistic vision and his ideals, even in the face of increasing political repression, made him a symbol of integrity.

* His tragic execution during the Stalinist purges solidified his image as a martyr for freedom of thought and national self-expression.

4. Posthumous Rehabilitation and Enduring Relevance:

* After Uzbekistan gained independence in 1991, Cholpon's works were fully rehabilitated, republished, and widely studied.

* He is now revered as a national hero, his plays are staged, his poems are memorized, and his name adorns streets, schools, and cultural institutions.

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https://yoshlarportali.uz/en/magazine/263

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One of the founders of a new Uzbek poetry, translator, editor, playwriter Cho’lpon was born in 1897 in Andijon. He took his first education in old school. Then studied in Russian-tuzem school. In 1914 he came to Tashkent and began his activity in the newspaper “Sadoi Turkiston”. His compositions were edited also in newspapers and journals in Ufa, Kazan, Bogchasaroy. From 1916 to 1917 he lived in Orenburg and worked as a secretary in one of the administrations of government. Then he returned Tashkent. Till 1920 he served in TurkRosTA. In 1920 he took part in meeting of Eastern people in Baku.

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 Which major intellectual and reformist movement was Abdulla Sulaymon oʻgʻli, known as Cholpon, a central and pioneering figure of in early 20th-century Uzbekistan?