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Rise of the Ottomans
• Black Death spreads through Mediterranean cities
• Little Ice Age begins—climate cools across Europe and North Africa
• Fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans
• Expulsion of Jews from Spain; Columbus departs west
• Ottomans conquer Egypt and take Mecca and Medina
• Philip II rules Spain; Habsburg control peaks in western Mediterranean
• Battle of Lepanto—Spanish-led fleet defeats Ottomans
• Ottoman-Habsburg wars drain both empires
• Atlantic empires rise: Dutch, English, and French dominate global trade
• Coal-based industrial economy begins in northwest Europe
• Napoleon invades Egypt—launches new phase of European imperialism

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1) Rise of Ottomans

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2) Black Death spreads through Mediterranean cities, in the 1300s

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3) Rise of the Ottomans in the 13-14th centuries

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4) Fall of Constantinople to Ottomans (1453)

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4) Fall of Constantinople to Ottomans (1453)

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5) Expulsion of Jews from Spain and Christopher Columbus’ voyage West (1492)

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5) Expulsion of Jews from Spain and Christopher Columbus’ voyage West (1492)

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6）Ottomans conquer Egypt and take Mecca and Medina

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Ottomans conquer Egypt and take Mecca and Medina

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7) Phhilip II rules Spain; Habsburg control peaks in western Mediterranean (1556-1598)

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Phhilip II rules Spain; Habsburg control peaks in western Mediterranean (1556-1598)

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8) The battle of Lepanto (1571)

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9) Ottoman-Habsburg wars drain both empires (16th-17th centuries)

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10) Atlantic empires rise: Dutch, English, and French dominate global trade

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11) Coal-based industrial economy begins in northwest Europe (late 18th century)

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12) Napoleon invades Egypt