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Hindu nationalism threatens India's secular foundations.

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Hindu nationalism threatens India's secular foundations.

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Once a fringe Indian ideology, Hindu nationalism is now mainstream, thanks to Modi’s decade in power

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Once a fringe Indian ideology, Hindu nationalism is now mainstream, thanks to Modi’s decade in power

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ATLAS INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

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ATLAS INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

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Hindu-Nationalism: A Threat to Indian Stability and Modernization?

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Hindu-Nationalism: A Threat to Indian Stability and Modernization?

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This article tries to say that the shift away from secularism can be completely attributed to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) organization. This is not true and is a fine example of bias through omission. This one organization did not single handedly turn the country of India into a nation against minorities. There has been a strain between religions for hundreds of years. Yes India is a secular country that is not following secular beliefs exactly as they should but it is not the fault of one organization.

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The headline states: Hindu nationalism threatens India's secular foundations. This headline prepares the reader to believe that nationalism is something negative by the word “threaten” in the title. By using the word “threatens”, the text is very clearly casting judgment on the idea of nationalism, whether it should be considered a bad ideology or not. The title also says that it is damaging India's “foundations”. The word "foundations” is arguably a very vague term that can be interpreted in various ways. The author could mean “foundations” in the sense of laws and articles from the beginning of India's formation, or they could refer to current Indian governmental values that are considered a foundation; it is impossible to know.

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Many of the words used in this article sway a reader to hold a certain connotation of an event because of the way those words describe it. For example, when describing the views of people living in India, the author describes their opinions as “serious concerns”. If the author were to say they were concerned, it would not have the same weight as when the word “serious” is placed in front of it. Another example would be when the author is explaining the government's response to the accusations of not being a secular nation anymore. The author writes that they take a “defensive” approach, making the government seem as if they know they are in the wrong, and that's why they are in defensive mode. Writing the sentence without the word defensive could make the reader have a completely different opinion on the government's standing/ involvement with secularism and Hindu nationalism.

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The audience is anyone who reads the East India Forum. This can range from people actually living in East Asia, or any international consumers as well, since it is available online. The East Asia Forum claims that its target audience is individuals or groups who are interested in politics, public policy, research, business, law, security, and international relations.

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This source is talking about how recently, more anti-muslim violence has surged in number, and the once secular nation has now moved away from trying to tolerate other minorities, even though they still claim to uphold that value. The article mentions certain governmental shifts that prove the nation is not as secular as they once preached, bringing up Hindu nationalism as a point, and how many religious sites have been destroyed only to be replaced by ones of Hindu belief.

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Hasan, Molla Mehedi. “Hindu Nationalism Threatens India’s Secular Foundations.” East Asia Forum, 8 May 2025, eastasiaforum.org/2025/05/08/hindu-nationalism-threatens-indias-secular-foundations/. Accessed 28 May 2025.

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Pathi, Krutika, and Sheikh Saaliq. “Once a Fringe Indian Ideology, Hindu Nationalism Is Now Mainstream, Thanks to Modi’s Decade in Power.” AP News, 18 Apr. 2024, apnews.com/article/india-election-narendra-modi-hindu-nationalism-rss-79c30c8ae750a9c037d86b9e2c1b640c. Accessed 29 May 2025.

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The authors are trying to argue that Hindu Nationalism is rising in popularity and support, but it is directly caused by Modi (a political leader) and his ties to the RSS group (Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh). The article explains what Hindu Nationalism looks like in the country (generally painting it in a somewhat positive light) and how it is supposedly linked all back to the leader that “everyone” loves in India. The authors also claim that Modi was able to win the election because of his ties to Hindu Nationalism, which apparently made him favored by the general population.

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Headline: Once a fringe Indian ideology, Hindu nationalism is now mainstream, thanks to Modi’s decade in power. This headline suggests that Hindu nationalism used to be an unpopular idea, but now it is a well-accepted approach. If a supposed consumer was reading just the headline, they would assume that Hindu nationalism is a good concept since it is supposedly very well liked amongst the general public by the word “mainstream”.

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In the first paragraph, the author starts off the article by already putting biased word choice into the mix. The author writes: “Nobody has done more to advance this cause than Prime Minister Narendra Modi, one of India’s most beloved and polarizing political leaders.” By using the words “India's most beloved” to describe Narendra Modi, the author is putting a certain emphasis on the greatness of them. This could be the author's own personal belief, or it could just be word choice used to sway the reader to believe in the integrity of this leader.

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Statistics make a reader believe that a claim is factual or backed by science and numbers. Some believe you cannot fight numbers. The article claims that Hindu nationalism is 100% caused by Modi and his ties to the RSS group. That is a completely false statistic with no evidence backing it up. Hindu nationalism is not a new topic whatsoever, and to claim that it was produced completely by one leader and his supposed ties to another group that is also supposedly a group that believed in Hindu nationalism is not a true or just claim at all.

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AP News claims that its audience is people who want a news station to give unbiased information that can be trusted. They state that the people who read their articles are interested in business, tech, politics, and entertainment. AP news is available worldwide, meaning anyone globally can have access to its information. They have new stations in over 100 countries, therefore, their news isn’t just about one place or region. AP news reports on topics almost everywhere.

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Pathi, Krutika, and Sheikh Saaliq. “Once a Fringe Indian Ideology, Hindu Nationalism Is Now Mainstream, Thanks to Modi’s Decade in Power.” AP News, 18 Apr. 2024, apnews.com/article/india-election-narendra-modi-hindu-nationalism-rss-79c30c8ae750a9c037d86b9e2c1b640c. Accessed 29 May 2025.

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Atlas Institute for International Affairs

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Hindu-Nationalism: A Threat to Indian Stability and Modernization? | Atlas Institute for International Affairs

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There are two things that characterize the population of the Republic of India. On one hand, the population is relatively young, approx. 27% are under 15 years old (World Bank 2019). On the other hand, the population is religiously, ethnically and linguistically diverse, so the Republic of India is also called a multi-ethnic state. (Betz 2017, 12)

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Once a fringe Indian ideology, Hindu nationalism is now mainstream, thanks to Modi’s decade in power

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Hindu nationalism was once a fringe ideology, and now it is mainstream. Nobody has done more to advance this cause than the Indian prime minister.

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This article's central argument is that Hindu Nationalism was a product of Modi’s control and that it directly conflicts with India being a secular nation. The article includes how it could even potentially hurt the country's democratic values. It also introduces a new perspective: How Hinduism helps unify the country and helps it politically.

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The headline reads: Hindu-Nationalism: A Threat to Indian Stability and Modernization?. The headline is already setting the reader up to potentially believe that Hindu nationalism may be negative, strictly because the word “threat” is in it, giving Nationalism a negative connotation. But the author also includes a question mark at the end of his sentence, which can be confusing because it abandons its original claim and makes it seem unknown.

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This article contains a lot of statistics and graphs. Most of these graphs are pie charts. Pie charts are a known tactic of relaying misleading information since most people can not properly interpret each slice and successfully compare it to another. Also, these pie charts have no numbers on them. The reader can not know how many each “slice” represents when there is no number given to associate it with. In the Population by religion chart, some of the slices are so small that they cannot be seen. One cannot properly assess data in this form. Each of these graphs is very colorful to purposely distract the viewer as well. Colors are distracting when associated with statistics.

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The audience is anyone interested in international affairs, defense policy, military, and political science. The AIFIA claims that their target is to create a platform where senior experts and young individuals can share information alike. AIFIA is accessible worldwide, so anyone can access it no matter their location.