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Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin at the Yalta Conference, 1945                              https://www.britannica.com/event/Yalta-Conference

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February, 1945

The Yalta Conference was a post-war meeting between the Soviet Union, Britain, and the United States to discuss the distribution of Germany. Although these countries were allied, the meeting highlighted their ideological differences, in turn, heightening tensions and causing a race to be the greatest power. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1937-1945/yalta-conf

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U.S. atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

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U.S. atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

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August, 1945

The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was the first and only use of nuclear weapons to this day. However, the start of the Cold War can be attributed to the fallout of this event. The bombing represented U.S. superiority over other countries in terms of technological development, and those countries, such as the Soviet Union, wanted to eliminate this deficit. This pursuit led to the Arms Race, an ongoing competition in industrial and military capabilities, which became a defining and significant factor in the Cold War. https://www.britannica.com/event/atomic-bombings-of-Hiroshima-and-Nagasaki

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U.S. cargo plane landing at Tempelhof Airfield in Berlin to drop off needed supplies, 1948 https://www.britannica.com/event/Berlin-blockade

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June 1948 - May 1949

The Berlin Airlift was a humanitarian effort made by the U.S. to provide resources to those in West Berlin who could not receive them normally due to the Soviet Blockade. The goal of the blockade was to force Western allies out of Berlin; however, this strategy failed and was eventually raised because of the airlifts. This was important to the Cold War because it symbolized the United States and Western resistance against Soviet pressures and aggression. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/declassified_156163.htm

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April, 1949

NATO is a military alliance made up of Western countries which is still in existence today. The establishment was crucial to the Cold War because the aim was to weaken Soviet influence and prevent the spread of Communism. This escalated global tensions, which in turn fueled the arms race, created economic strain, and even proxy wars. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/nato#:~:text=The%20North%20Atlantic%20Treaty%20Organization,security%20against%20the%20Soviet%20Union.&text=NATO%20was%20the%20first%20peacetime,outside%20of%20the%20Western%20Hemisphere.

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RDS-1, Soviet atomic bomb pre-test         https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDS-1

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RDS-1 - Soviet Unions first atomic bomb test

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RDS-1 - Soviet Unions first atomic bomb test

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August 1949

Prior to the creation and testing of the Soviet atomic bomb, RDS-1, the United States had a monopoly on nuclear weapons and was the only one able to access them. Once the Soviet Union tested this bomb, the arms race intensified even more, given that both countries wanted the upper hand, making it clear this was a global issue. https://ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/ahf/history/soviet-atomic-program-1946/

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South Korean soldiers at the 38th parallel, 1950 https://www.britannica.com/event/Korean-War

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June 1950 - July 1953

The Korean War essentially represented a direct military confrontation between the communist and non-communist forces, showing the ideological differences and struggles for power between the two groups. Additionally, the war resulted in the creation of the 38th parallel, which officially divided Korea into two states with very different ideologies.

https://www.britannica.com/event/Korean-War

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The November 1st, 1951 Operation Ivy test of the first ever hydrogen bomb near Elugelab Island https://www.army.mil/article/47341/the_island_is_missing

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United States first hydrogen bomb - Ivy Mike

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United States first hydrogen bomb - Ivy Mike

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November, 1952

Ivy Mike represented not only a massive technological leap but also the surpassing of the Soviet Union in the arms race. The arms race was essentially just about which country was more advanced and more threatening in terms of nuclear weapons and, if the time came, which country could do more damage. The idea that the U.S. had more weapons than the USSR but also weapons they could not even make showcased their overall superiority, heightening competition and tensions even more. https://www.atomicarchive.com/history/hydrogen-bomb/page-13.html

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RDS-6 - Soviet Union tests first hydrogen bomb 

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RDS-6 - Soviet Union tests first hydrogen bomb 

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August, 1953

Just under a year later, the Soviet Union was able to replicate the United States's hydrogen bomb, eliminating any significant advantage in the arms race. This led to the reinforcement of the arms race in the Cold War, reestablishing tension and motive to evolve. https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/rds-6s.htm

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May, 1955

The Warsaw Pact was essentially a counteract to NATO, created by Communist countries consisting mainly of the Soviet Union, East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania. It solidified the division of Europe and increased Soviet power by expanding their influence and control, and, like many other events, increased tensions. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1953-1960/warsaw-treaty

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U.S. troops in South Vietnam crossing a marsh in the Mekong Delta, 1967 https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War

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November, 1955 – April, 1975

The Vietnam War was the division of North and South Vietnam, with the U.S. fighting with the South and the USSR fighting with the North. The war was symbolic of the division between the United States and the Soviet Union and created further separation and conflict between the countries. https://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/vietnam-war-history

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An image of the worlds first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, launched by the Soviet Union on October 4th, 1957 https://www.britannica.com/technology/Sputnik

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October, 1957

The space race was a battle largely between the Soviet Union and the United States, fighting to be the first to explore space. The USSR won, and the implementation of their satellite was monumental because it was the first time throughout the Cold War that the Soviet Union surpassed the United States technologically. Not only did this signal they were a formidable opponent, but it also gave the Soviets an upper hand because they had more advanced technology and first-hand knowledge if looking to make weaponized advancements to their satellite. https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/space-race

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August, 1961

The Berlin Wall was created to separate the Soviet Communist government, which was East Germany, from the Democratic state of West Germany. It was a physical symbol of the Iron Curtain of opposing views and severe conflicts going on at the time. The Soviet side curtailed many freedoms using propaganda to spread Western ideals, solidifying geopolitical separation. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Berlin-Wall

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Mapping of a launch site during the Cuban Missile Crisis in San Cristobal, Cuba https://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plans/cuban-missile-crisis-1962-missiles-october

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October, 1962

The Cuban Missile Crisis was a 13-day period in which situations were tense because the U.S. had discovered Soviet ballistic missiles stationed in Cuba. The United States struggled with whether to invade Cuba, however, the situation was defused when the Soviet Union removed the Missiles from the Island. This was a critical point in the Cold War because it was the closest those superpowers had come to a nuclear war and highlighted the need for communication.

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/cuban-missile-crisis

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U.S. President Richard Nixon and Soviet General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev are in the Grand Kremlin Palace in Moscow, Russia, to sign the agreed-upon SALT I treaty. May 26, 1972 https://www.army.mil/article/170260/smdc_history_salt_agreements_signed

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Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty (SALT I)

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Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty (SALT I)

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May 1972

The SALT I treaty was an agreement made by the Soviet Union and the United States of America that limited the amount of nuclear weapons each country was allowed to possess or deploy at any given time. This was extremely significant because it laid the grounds for future armistice treaties and more or less halted the arms race, reducing the potential dangers of both superpowers. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1969-1976/salt

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People of Berlin gathering at the Berlin Wall on November 10, 1989 just one day after the wall opened                https://www.britannica.com/topic/Berlin-Wall      

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November, 1989

The opening of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989, symbolized the end of the division between East and West Germany. It became a powerful symbol of the end of communist rule in Eastern Europe and signified the end of the Cold War overall. https://blogs.loc.gov/international-collections/2019/11/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-berlin-wall/