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This landmark Supreme Court decision declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional, overturning the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896, which allowed state-sponsored segregation. The ruling stated that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal," serving as a catalyst for the civil rights movement and leading to greater social and legislative changes aimed at achieving racial equality in the United States.

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Started by Rosa Parks' arrest for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white person, this year-long boycott of Montgomery's public buses by African American residents was a pivotal event in the civil rights movement. It led to a United States District Court decision in Browder v. Gayle that declared Alabama's racial segregation laws for buses unconstitutional, marking a significant victory for the civil rights movement and affecting future civil rights action. 

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1963: March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

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1963: March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

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One of the largest political rallies for human rights in United States history, the March on Washington is most famous for Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech. Attended by some 250,000 people, the march aimed to draw attention to continuing challenges and inequalities faced by African Americans a century after emancipation, advocating for civil and economic rights and an end to racial segregation.

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This comprehensive civil rights legislation in the United States outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace, and by facilities that served the general public. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement.

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Signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, this act aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment (1870) to the Constitution of the United States. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting.

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1968: Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.

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1968: Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.

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Martin Luther King Jr., a leading figure in the American civil rights movement and a proponent of non-violent protest, was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee. His death led to an outpouring of anger and grief across the nation and also resulted in a significant push towards the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1968, which provided equal housing opportunities regardless of race, creed, or national origin.

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1971: Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education

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1971: Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education

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This Supreme Court case dealt with the busing of students to promote integration in public schools. By upholding the busing of students to achieve school desegregation, the decision supported the efforts to expedite the integration process and ensure all students, regardless of race, had access to quality education. It marked a significant moment in the continued fight for civil rights and equality in education.

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This landmark civil rights decision of the United States Supreme Court invalidated laws prohibiting interracial marriage. The Court's decision was followed by an increase in interracial marriages in the United States and is considered a key moment in the dismantling of Jim Crow laws. It underscored the principle of equality under the law for all individuals, regardless of race.