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Refugees from Iraq may present with several health issues/ concerns. This could range from physical, mental. This includes possible issues such as anxiety, iron deficiency and possible blood conditions which are all caused by different aspects in Iraq (Anon n,d). The main health care problems that a presented through the refugees are emotional distress, anxiety and depression which present in children and the men and women (Anon n,d). Many women, men and children have experienced trauma, conflict and family separation which then results in mental health issues (Anon n,d). The mental health issues they may be experiencing such as anxiety and PTSD caused by Iraq itself, but it could also originate from the migration (Anon n,d). Language barriers, a change housing/location differences and employment issues could play a huge part in mental health issues (Anon n,d). Insuring we always have support for the refugees, which may be face to face or through phone call consults and advising nutritional food (Anon n,d).

Anon, (n.d.). Mental Health» Australian Refugee Health. [online] Available at: https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/mental-health/.

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The limited access to education in Iraq is mainly due to war and displacement (Vasey & Manderson, 2012). Education influences the health of Iraqi refugees in Australia (Vasey & Manderson, 2012). The limited access to education has now resulted in poor health literacy which affects refugees ability to navigate and understand Australia's Health care system (Vasey & Manderson, 2012). It also promotes unequal access to employment opportunities, as there isn't a positive background of education and Australia has a high standard of education within employment (Vasey & Manderson, 2012). Making sure we educate refugees on preventative healthcare allows them to make more informed decisions (Vasey & Manderson, 2012).

Vasey, K., & Manderson, L. (2012). Regionalizing immigration, health and inequality: Iraqi refugees in Australia. Administrative Sciences, 2(1), 47-62.

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A traditional religion in Iraq are Islam and this means that the people that follow this religion are classed as muslim. There are 5 main teachings of Islam, known as the 5 pillars of Islam (Fast, 2005).

1. they must declare that there is only one god and that Muhammad is his prophet (Fast, 2005).

2. they must pray five times a day (Fast, 2005).

3. Muslims who afford to do so need to give to the ones in need (Fast, 2005).

4. healthy muslims must not eat from dawn to dusk during the muslim month of Ramadan (Fast, 2005).

5. at least once in their lifetime, healthy and able muslims must take a pilgrimage (Fast, 2005).

Fast, A. (2005). Iraq: the culture. Crabtree Publishing Company.

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Reflecting on the Competency 12.1 I feel as if I am provided with a thorough understanding of cultural awareness and its implications when caring for refugees (Migrant and Refugee Women’s Health Partnership, 2019). Following this standard will provide myself and Iraqi refugees a common ground in which cultural understanding is cultivated and expressed safely (Migrant and Refugee Women’s Health Partnership, 2019). The education surrounding different cultures is crucial in maintaining a foundation for both you and your patient (Migrant and Refugee Women’s Health Partnership, 2019). Moving forward regulating bodies need to maintain cultural competency through code of ethics and cultural awareness guidelines to ensure each individuals needs are met (Migrant and Refugee Women’s Health Partnership, 2019).

Migrant and Refugee Women’s Health Partnership. (2019). Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds COMPETENCY STANDARDS FRAMEWORK FOR CLINICIANS. https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

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A known traditional medicine used throughout Iraq is called Hijama, also known as the cupping therapy (Khatoon et al., 2023). This traditional Iraqi medicine practise is used for pain relief, detoxification and helping improve the blood flow throughout the body (Khatoon et al., 2023). Based in islamic medicine, it involves creating suction within the cup and skin by using heated cups to draw out the toxins or "bad blood" (Khatoon et al., 2023). Hijama, is commonly known to treat headaches, chronic conditions and muscle pain (Khatoon et al., 2023).

Khatoon, H., Khatoon, R., Ansari, T., Abbasi, H., Khan, S. A., & Rashid, M. (2023). A comprehensive review of cupping therapy, Hijama through the ages. VW Applied Sciences, 5(2), 177–184.