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Conventions are the correctness of the written work. It looks at grammar such as spelling. And other punctuation such as capitalization and periods. Sometimes grammar can be altered, but only if it helps express support the main idea of the piece.

1. Happy Endings: A Story about Suffixes by Pulver Robin
This mentor text shows students how to use the suffix endings 's' and 'es' in their words. The author tells a story using different words containing the s and es endings. This helps builds a student's grammar knowledge, thus improving their convention use.

2. Dear Deer: A Book of Homophones
This fun book tells different stories using two words that sound the same. This book will help students learn how some words that sound the same have different meanings. As they read it, it will activate their background knowledge of words they know. They can then apply this to their writing.

3. Last Stop on Market Street by Matt Da La Penas**
This shows students how words can be purposely written incorrectly to convey the story's message. The author in this book uses nonstandard English when the grandmother of the main character is speaking. Students will learn how their use of conventions can become the voice of a character and thus add detail to the story and its message.

4. Dog Heaven by Cynthia Rylant
In this book, students will learn how to use conventions to show the passing of time in their writing pieces. The author of this book uses punctuation like "..." and transition words to show how times pass. Students will learn how they could add these strategies into their own narratives to show that time has passed.

5. Stellaluna by Cannon
This book uses a variety of punctuation to describe the story of a young bat. Students will see how different types of punctuation like periods, exclamation marks, semicolons, commas, and apostrophes are correctly used in sentences. This will build their grammar skills which will thus make them more proficient in their conventions.

6. Eats, Shoots, & Leaves by Lynne Truss
This book teaches students about the use of commas. The author shows the same sentences twice with different placement of commas. Students will learn how their use of commas changes the meaning and reading of a sentence. Students can then take this knowledge into the written word to help the reader with the meaning or tone of what they are trying to say.

7. Yo! Yes? by Chris Raschka
In this book, students will learn how punctuation can be used to help describe a reader's emotion. Students will see how feelings can be communicated by the use of question marks or exclamation points. Students can then apply this to their words to help show their emotions with the use of their conventions.

8. Me by Elizabeth Swados
This poem helps students decide what kind of pronoun to use in their writing. The author does this by selecting one object and immediately using the pronoun after. Students can use this to help improve their grammar in their writing.

9. All the Water in the World by George Ella Lyons
This book shows students how purposeful grammar errors can help show the meaning of the story. The author in this book uses run-on sentences to add effect when speaking about water. Students will learn that sometimes these errors help with the tone or representation of something in the story.

10.My Rotten Redheaded Older Brother by Patricia Polacco
This is another great mentor text to show students how to use semicolons. The author does this by explaining the first part of the sentence, after using a semicolon. Students could view how it is used in the story to continue to explain a thought or idea.

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Sentence fluency looks at the flow of the sentences. It examines if the sentences are properly structured if when read the ideas flow together and if the rhythm of the sentences is the same. Additionally, there should be variety in the sentences to help convey the meaning of a story or engage the reader.

1. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum
This book shows how to use complex sentences. The author uses words like "because" and "although" to combine sentences with multiple subjects. Students can learn this strategy to reduce run-ons (that are not intentional), and learn to combine ideas correctly.

2. Team Moon: How 400,000 People Landed Apollo 11 on the Moon by Catherine Themmish
This book teaches students how they can use sentence structure to convey meaning. It demonstrates with different sentences used to describe similar things. The book has a mix of short and long sentences to readers get a chance to see how they fit into the message of the story.

3. If You Give A Mouse a Cookie by Laura Numeroff
This book shows how one sentence can blend with another in creating a sequence of cause-and-effect relationships. The author sets up this big with an "if" and "then." Students will not only learn how to correctly write sentences for cause-and-effect but also how ideas can be flowed together using sentence structure.

4. DogTeam by Gary Paulson
This book models to students how sentences can be formed to help explain what is happening in the story. In this book, the author formulates his sentences smoothly and flowy as he describes the sled sliding down the snow. Students will see how their sentence structure can affect what is being told in the story.

5. The Great Kapok Tree by Lynne Cherry
This book is about protecting trees. The author uses sentences in a chronological format to explain trees and their importance. Students can learn how to use sentences in this format to show the development of something or to help explain a point.

6. The Important Book by Margret Wise Brown
This book demonstrates a basic framework for sentence structure. The author begins the book the same way on each page, "the important thing about blank, is blank." Students will receive lots of practice in formulating these sentences and setting a sentence up with an explanation about an idea.

7. Brave Irene by William Steig
Students will view a variety of sentence structures to help the development of the story The author uses dialogue, compound sentences, and clauses. This allows students to be exposed to a well-written, multi sentenced piece to help influence their writing.

8. Piggie Pie by Margie Palatini
In this book, the author uses a variety of figurative language within her sentences. The author uses lots of alliteration and onamonpoia within her word. This will help students learn how to intertwine their word choices correctly into their sentences.

9. Dancing in the Wings by Debbie Allen***
This book showcases students how to use internal dialogue within their sentences. The author of this book shows the character's thought processes, without dialogue, on overcoming a challenge. This will allows students to learn how to incorporate their own voice and opinion into their sentences.

10. Dream Weaver by Jonathan London and Jonathan Wilie
In this book, the author uses lots of detailed sensory descriptions with commas to tell the story of a boy and a spider. Students will learn how to include these descriptions into their sentences. They will also see model how the words between sentences can be sued to help the sentences flow together.

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Voice refers to the author's tone or overall message of the written piece. The author uses expression within the words to help engage the reader. The author's voice gives the overall message of the story and relates to the main idea.

1. Amazing Grace by Mary Hoffman
This texts models to students how to use a strong voice in their writing. The author uses word choices and words phrases to show the main characters determination in getting a new role in her school play. Students will learn how to use emotion to help improve their writing voice.

2. Lily's Purple Plastic Purse by Kevin Hankes
This book shows how student can use expression in their writing to help improve their voice. IN the book, the character's Lily's emotions are vividly described in the story. this model to students how understanding a character's emotions help understand the tone of the piece.

3. The True Story of the Three Little Pigs by Jon Scieszka
In this book, students learn how to identify voice by the author's word choice. The author uses insults and descriptive words to show the opinion of Mr. Wolf in the story Students can use this strategy in their own writing to once again demonstrate their emotions to help convey their voice.

4. It's Not Jack and the Beanstalk by Josh Funk
In this book, students will learn how to show author's voice using character's dialogue. The author uses Jack's dialogue as humorous and uplifting throughout the story to explain what is going on. Students will learn that they to can provide written dialogue of characters to help convey their meaning.

5. The Blobfish Book by Jessica Olien
In this book, there is a animated blobfish that gives his opinion hen the books talk abouts different things found in the ocean. This helps writer's voice by the commentary blobfish provides through sounds, phrases, and word choice. Student will learn to add their opinion into their writing to help build their author voice.

6. Goldilocks and the Three Dinosaurs by Mo Willems
The author of this book uses sarcasm to hint to the author's tone. The dinosaurs in this book are aware of Goldilocks presence, and make sarcastic remarks when they find things around the house. This teaches one skill of writing, sarcasm, to students in helping them convey the tone of their writing piece.

7. This is a Sea Cow by Cassandera Federman
This book uses a child's perspective a school report to demonstrate voice. The students can see voice clearly modeled by the actual internal dialogue of the student making this report. Additionally she provides her opinion and commentary on the "sea cows." Students will learn that they can use their on interpretation of things to help with their voice.

8. XO, Ox A Lovestory by Adam Rex
In this book, two oxes in love exchange love letters. Students will be able to hear the characters voices throughout the love letters. Students will find explicit modeling of voice by vocabulary and silly phrases.

9. Noah Webster's Fighting Words by Tracey Nelson Maurer
This books talk about Noah Webster who created Webster's Dictionary. The interesting thing is that this book contains "edits" by Noah Webster. Students will be able to see the difference between an informational piece without tone (the history of the dictionary) and then the author's voice or opinion (stated in the edits.)

10. The Monster At the End of This Book by Jon Stone
This book uses character emotions to help show the author's voice. The character is describing himself and uses his emotions to convey his embarrassment that he is actually the monster. Students will be provided with modeled explanations that give insight to the author's tone and voice.

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Word Choice is the author's vocabulary. The author may select certain words that help show the reader the meaning of the written piece. The author does this by providing a variety of vocabulary words appropriately placed within the story to help convey the message.

1. Locomotive by Brian Flocka
This mentor text uses onamonapia or figurative language to engage the reader in the story. Word choice like "clang- clang" "hisssss" and others help the reader feel a part of the story. Students can view different types of word choice throughout the book and see how it adds details to the overall story.

2. Crow Call by Lois Lowry
In this book, the main character is trying to communicate with her father who is fighting a war. To demonstrate the tone of the character, the author selects words like "stranger who is my father" and "hunter" to demonstrate the relationship between the two. It shows students how these words selections provide perspective to the main character.

3. A Butterfly is Patient by Dianna Ashton
This student shows had word choice can be used to describe a character. The author does this by describing the butterfly with human-like characteristics like "patient" in the title. This shows students how they can use word choice to not only describe, but also convey a message about someone through their words.

4. The One and Only Bob by Katherine Applegate
This book models to students how they can use verbs to show a message in their writing. The author uses words like "groans" and "stumbles" while speaking about eh character Bob. This word choice of verbs shows students how verbs can be used to describe a character's emotions or struggles.

5. The Right Word: Roget and his Thesaurus by Jen Bryant
This book not only shows students how to use a thesaurus and increase their vocabulary but also the importance of word choice. The author does this by showing the character Peter who loves books and begins to write his own. It shows that the selection of certain words can change the meaning of the story.

6. The Raven by Edgar Allen Poe
This book shows how repetitious words can be used to provide tone and meaning to the story. For example, the author uses repeated "s" sounding words to set the mysterious tone to the reader. Students will see how words, using alliteration, can be used towards a story.

7. The Rain Stomper by Addie K. Boswell
This mentor tets shows how real ord sounds can be word choice as well. The author describes the storm in the story with "BOOM" and "CRASH." This demonstrates to the students how sounds can be used to describe the setting. It also shows how words like sounds, can help show the degree of something like how the book showed the seriousness of the story using sounds.

8.Stick and Stone by Beth Ferry
The author of this book uses one to two words phrases to talk about kindness and friendship. This models to students how words can be used to determine the meanings of the story. It also shows that sometimes one word can stand for two meanings, meaning that sometimes it is up to the reader's interpretation.

9. What Jamie Saw by Carolyn Coman
This book shows students how words selected can demonstrate the mood to the reader. For example, the author uses the word "stark" as something dark, cold, or hopeless. Students will see numerous examples in the book of how one word can automatically give the reader the mood of the story.

10. Duke Ellington: The Piano Prince and His Orchestra***
This book helps demonstrate word choice by using funny words to describe something to the reader. An example is the book says his piano made an "umpty-dumpty sound." This shows the reader once again how word choice can be used to describe something in more detail.

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The organization of a written piece can be viewed as the internal structure of the work. It involves introductions and conclusions, transitions, pacing, and sequencing of ideas. Organization of a written piece helps the main ideas and the reader understand the work.

1. The Beginners Guide to Running Away From Home by Jennifer LaRue Huget
This book works as a mentor text because the character says she's running away from home, explains why, and then provides how she'll do it. This demonstrates proper sequencing of ideas to the reader as in stating the main idea, explaining it, and then detailing by a first, then, and finally sequence.

2. Frog's Lunch by Dee Lillegard
This book works as a great mentor text for demonstrating the structure of writing to students. This book contains a 1-2 page introduction, a few pages of a middle, and a 2-page conclusion. This allows students to see how each piece is written, and how it all fits together to develop a story.

3. Creature Features: 25 Animals Explain Why They Look the Way They Do by Robin Page and Steve Jenkins
This book has each animal explain to the reader why they look the way they do. This text shows students how to properly structure a question-and-answer-based prompt. Additionally, it shows students how to incorporate multiple ideas into one structured written piece. It also helps show the reader how to sequence explanations when they introduce the animal (introduction), and then the animal explains the reasoning.

4.  Little Kunoichi: The Ninja Girl by Sanae Ishida***
This mentor text demonstrates one way to write a conclusion. The author wraps up the main idea while using a character's dialogue to ens the story. This would give students one ay to end their written pieces by using a quote or their own words. It also demonstrates the appropriate formatting of a conclusion by reviewing the main idea.

5. Wheelbarrow by William Carlos Williams
This poem helps demonstrates to students sequencing, rhythm, and shifts between the author. It shows them that every writing piece has some type of structure. The students can analyze the differences between each line, seeing how the words flow when read aloud. The pome also has a beginning, middle, and end, that uses a different formating than what may be used in an essay format.

6. Enemy Pie by Derek Munson
IN this book, a girl talks about how her summer was supposed to be perfect until a new neighbor showed up. This book models how to show the reader the main idea in the introduction of the story Additionally, It shows that when the story is focused on a problem, how the conclusion can be used to resolve the problem as well as conclude the story. The authors show this by the main character eventually befriending the boy at the end.

7. Snow Day by Lester Laminack
This mentor texts models to students how organizational structure and pace can be used to build suspense and engage the reader. In the book, we hear that the main character is wishing for a snow day. The book follows a typical pace of explaining what the character will do on his snow day. Then, the pace changes when the character wakes up to no snow. The book shows then a rush of the character gathering his things to get to school. We then learn a surprise that the character is actually the teacher, not a student. This models to students that a pace change, can change the tone of the story and better engage the reader. However, it is done so in a still logical written structure.

8. Joyful Noise: Poems for To Voices by Paul Fleicshman
This mentor text shows how to structure written pieces that may have two perspectives or two voices. In the story, it alternates between two perspectives of animals. It gives students ideas on how they could properly structure to examples at once or two ideas at once. It helps keep their written work organized, regardless of the number of voices.

9. On A Beam of Light: A Story of Albert Einstein by Jennifer Berne
This mentor text shows students how to write a conclusion that leaves an impactful thought. The author does this by leaving open-ended thoughts regarding Albert Einstein's ideas saying "some of his questions were never answered." It shows the reader how to leave an impactful mark or prompt a kind of metacognition to the reader when concluding a written piece.

10. "Hey Star Wars Toy Makers, Where's Rey?" By Leanard Pitt Jr. ***
This mentor text shows readers how to organize an argumentative piece. It does this by beginning the piece with the author's opinion and providing details and evidence throughout the story. The author models discussion within the work of augmenting their point in their writing which is that children need strong female leads as images or toys.

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Ideas in student writing consist of the main idea and details of support. The ideas blend together in a way that shows the relationship between written details and the overall main ideas. Ideas in written work help clarify the writing piece or provide reasoning.

1. Grandpa Green by Lane Smith
In this book, the author illustrates with topiaries, or the plants grown in shapes of things, as different memories in his life. Each piece explains the writer's life or identity. This shows the reader how each detail, or topiary, connects to his overall main idea which is a book about the author's life. This could give early writers a model of logical ideas that correlate to one another.

2. Wilfred Gordon McDonald Patridge by Mem Fox
In this book, a boy makes friends with clients at a nursing home and befriends a woman who has lost her memory. The main characters collect objects for her to help return her memory. This would be a great modeling text for demonstrating how each detail matches the main idea. Just as the boy brings objects to fit in the fill in gaps of a women's memory, details fill in the pieces about a main idea.

3. What Do You Do With an Idea? By Kobi Yamada
In the story a boy has a small idea and isn't quite sure what to do with it. As you read the book, the boy discovers that with new experiences, and increasing confidence, little ideas can turn into big ones. This mentor text would help students find inspiration in their ideas, and to show that the more details or information they give to their idea, the bigger and better it gets in their writing.

4. When I Was Young in the Mountains by Cynthia Rylant
This book shows readers how to list their ideas. On each page of the book the author shares a detail about something she did when she lived in the montains. This would help demonstrate to students how to write narrative pieces and combine a variety of ideas to an overall topic.

5. Nothing Ever Happens on 90th Street by Roni Schotter
This book models how children can generate ideas with details for fictional writing. In the book, a girl struggles to find interesting things to write about on her neighborhood street. She then begins making up stories about things she sees. This shows readers that their main ideas or details don't always have to be informational, but can be creative as well. It also demonstrates how ideas of a story can be formed.

6. Thank you Mr. Falker by Patricia Polacco
In this book, the author explains how she struggled to read in school and how her teacher, Mr. Falker, helped her learn. This book models a kind of cause and effects relationship with details. The details in the story provide an answer to a problem each time the character faces a challenge. This would show students how to use their ideas or details to support their story, or provide reasoning to their main idea.

7.Owl Moon by Jane Yolen
Although mostly a picture book, this mentor text shows students how ideas relate to one another and how to stay focused on the main idea. Each page brings a new detail into the story but still draws attention back to the author's main idea or message. It shows students how to connect ideas but staying true to their main topic.

8. Aaron's Hair by Robert Munsh
In this book, a boy grows his hair too long, and when he explains that he hates his hair, his hair runs off. This models to children how the beginning, middle, and end of the story correlates to the main idea. It shows how details and ideas work to make a cause-and-effect relationship like how their hair in the book runs away and tries new people.

9. Bikes for Rent by Isaac Olaleye***
In this book, a boy wishes to rent a bike and he works hard in his village to finally get one. This mentor text shows the relationship between ideas in the story. The boy collects firewood, so he can rent a bike. The boy collects and sells mushrooms, so he can rent a bike. It demonstrates to students how the details in the story support the main idea.

10. Chrysanthemum by Kevin Henkes***
This book revolves around a girl that is named after a flower. The main idea of the story is how this girl loved her name. But the details in the story show a path between love and cruelty when she gets made fun of for it. It shows students how even within the book the context may change, but the idea must stay the same throughout the entire written piece.