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The source depicts a form of propaganda known as ‘Judgement Day for American imperialism’, set during the Korean war designed and produced by the CCP. The probable aim of this source would be the enhance the prestige of the PLA, create a sense of unity amongst the divided Chinese people and to show China being a military power able to withstand the might of one of the two superpowers of the time.

The source portrays the battle between the Chinese victory over the American forces over the Yalu river, with the hindsight of history we can judge that in some way this did happen due to the Chinese pushing the American led UN troops away from the Chinese border, thus strengthening the usefulness of the source, however due to the very nature of it being propaganda it depicts a Chinese decisive victory which did not occur and instead ended in stalemate near the original borders (the 39th parallel), in addition the communist forces are shown to be equipped the same as the Americans if not more so for the terrain, however in reality this was not true due to 90% of the PLA’s casualties resulting from frostbite due to the mountainous terrain they were fighting in thus further reducing the usefulness of the source. Another example of the CCP showing their forces to be more well equipped than they actually were was in the air, the source shows an air conflict where the Chinese air force are overwhelming the Americans which was not the case; the US had the advantage over the PLA and North Koreans in airpower. The Chinese were given 3000 fighter planes and trained pilots by the Russians to assist the CCP in the Korean war, but they still did not match the quantity or quality of American Jets or pilots.

The US are portrayed to be completely losing the battle as they are all either retreating/surrendering or dead which may have been an attempt to present the stalemate as a complete victory for China and further increase the prestige of the PLA. Overall the source is not very useful in answering the question as it does not show the full picture of the war and shows just one side.

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Emmy

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Dan & Noah pt.2

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Dan & Noah pt.1

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This caricature depicts the 3rd July and 24th July proclamations of Chairman Mao's great strategic plans. Unite forces that can be united to strike surely, accurately and relentlessly at the handful of class enemies.
The 3rd and 24th July proclamations or bulletins were issued by the Party, in the name of Mao, and called for an end to the violence between the different factions in the Cultural Revolution, and for the return of weapons seized from the PLA. The proclamations are depicted in the poster, the white sheets with red characters held high above the crowd represents repression, oppression and depression, obsession with Mao's cult and succession of aforementioned cult.

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This image depicts a North Korean solider and a Chinese solider driving away General MacArthur and what seems to be President Truman, who are seen to be holding the United States flag as they flee from the soldiers. MacArthur is shown to be blue and crawling on all fours, suggesting that he is subhuman and almost goblin-like. This contrasts the depiction of the Chinese and North Korean soldiers who are presented as towering over the Americans and in-control of the situation. This piece of propaganda would be used to convince and show Chinese people of the benefits of the Korean war and try to emulate the Americans as cowardly, which would in turn convince people to join the war efforts as the PLA looked to be in-control and guaranteed a victory. General McArthur was known for wanting to invade China and wiping out communism, which is one of the main reasons for China joining the Korean war in the first place. The source also depicts a lot of red flags, which dominates the space and catches the viewers eye immediately. This visual represents communism, which is what China is trying to convince their people of supporting. However, the source is limiting as President Truman was not actually present in Korea and was in fact against invading China, even going as far as to dismissing MacArthur from his role as General of the army for his rash and hasty actions during the war. The source also has limitations as it shows General MacArthur as being close to the Chinese Korean border, which, he wasn’t. Another limitation is that the source shows the Americans running away without putting up a fight and the Chinese and North Koreans monopolizing the fight, which wasn’t true as the war ended in a stalemate therefore neither side really emerged victorious. However, one could argue that the Chinese benefitted from the Korean war as they were seen as the main example for the liberation movement across Asia and also showed China to be a significant country as they managed to hold off the United States, who, at the time were seen as the powerhouse of the world. In conclusion, China used this piece of propaganda to consolidate their power by showing that they are powerful and gained support from the Chinese people and significant recognition from other emerging communist countries as a country to look up to as a guide of running a communist state.

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This piece of propaganda is a poster called “Judgement day for American imperialism” and it shows the American soldiers losing a battle against a large number of North Korean and Chinese soldiers. In the bottom of the source we can see a river which may represent the Yalu River which would fit with the “imperialism” part of the title. If this is true, it shows that China was suggesting that America had launched a full scale invasion against China and that they were intentionally attacking Chinese towns. Although this is incorrect it is still useful as it shows how the American’s actions in the Korean War were exaggerated in propaganda which helps provide and explanation for the hatred towards America. In addition, we can see a squadron of Chinese MiG-15’s shooting down American B-29’s which are bombing a structure in China. This depiction fits with our knowledge and strengthens the source as we know that the Chinese did get over 3,000 planes as well as skilled pilots and aircraft factories from Russia.  On the other hand, the depiction of B-29’s bombing the Chinese is incorrect as it continues to suggest that the Americans were bombing the Chinese. Much like the image of the Yalu River, it is still useful as it portrays the Americans as directly attacking Chinese tows and depiction may have been used to create patriotism for China and hatred towards the Americans. Furthermore, the Americans seem to be completely losing the battle as they are all either retreating or dead which may have been an attempt to present the stalemate as a complete victory for China and further Mao’s reputation within China. This depiction isn’t completely wrong as we know that the Chinese did push back the Americans and they did achieve many resounding victories however it must be said that it is exaggerated for the purpose of propaganda.

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In the image we can see the two Chinese dominating the Americans as their de-humanised figure is seen to be retreating in fear. The red in the image symbolises communism and China and subliminally imposes the communist regime. We can see it is still aimed at the illiterate population as the picture tells the story. It shows they are a real international power as they are combatting and beating the US, giving the people more unity and better morale towards Mao and his communist ways. This stabilises the internal conflicts which consolidates their power at home, with a more unified demographic, it is easier for the CCP to get a firm grip on the power hold. The rat-like figure also gives the impression that the US army are rodents and an annoyance to society. The neat uniform shows the PLA are well organised, disciplined and prepared for the American resistance. However, this battle seems to be a conventional warfare which the Chinese weren’t as experienced with, they didn’t win every battle, hence why the war ended in a stalemate along 38th parallel. This was possibly giving the Chinese people a false sense of reality and an over confidence and ignorance towards the war. This shows that Mao still felt the need to gain more support to consolidate his power by exaggerating the war effort slightly.

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This poster shows a grotesque General MacArthur stabbing a mother and baby. He is depicted as an ugly monster while the innocent baby is being clutched by the mother. Their innocence and vulnerability is emphasised by the baby's nudity and the white cloth that partially covers them both. The mother seems to come from the earth and so perhaps she represents the whole of Korea. While MacArthur can be said to represent America and its policies during the Cold War. In addition, he wears dark glasses perhaps because the capitalist west is 'in the dark' as they don't share the enlightenment of communism. Or this could be because he is refusing to look at the destruction he is causing, implying that America is either ignorant, unwilling to accept responsibility for its actions or simply doesn't care. In the background we can see bombs dropping on a different country (as it is separated by water). This is supposed to bring back the memory of the atomic bomb being dropped at the end of the Second World War. Everywhere is in flames and the city, perhaps Nagasaki is being destroyed. This poster is intended to make Chinese people support intervention in Korea to help save the innocent people from the ravages of the Americans. It is valuable as it gives us a good idea about the government's attitude towards the war and the Americans but perhaps it shows that they needed to use this kind of propaganda to persuade the Chinese to support intervention. In terms of the consolidation of power this perhaps implies the CCP still had work to do. As this is specifically about the Korean War it is perhaps more about consolidating China's position as a Communist power abroad, but it still has a great deal of value for an historian.