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the water treadmill aids the horses by decreasing the weight placed upon the joints, strengthening the muscles and bones and improving the cardiovascular system. the treadmill is an alternative to swimming as its intensity can be controlled. the treadmill is benificial to horses with lower leg injuries as it streches the damaged tissue to maximum point to restore limb function.
the Spa is also a good hydrotherapy treatment as it aids in speeding up the healing process. the spa also aided with soreness and pain and the pressure massaged the limbs. when salt was added it sped up the healing process even more. horses that have injuries such as tendonistis and suspensory desmitis are recommeded to go on the spa.
Mendez-Angulo, J, L. Et al (2013) effects of water depth on the amount of flexion and extension of the joints of the distal aspects of the limbs in healthy horses walking on an underwater treadmill. American journal of veterinary research. Vol No 74 (issue 4) Pg No 557-566
Hunt, E, R (2001) Response of 27 horses with lower leg injures to cold bath hydrotherapy. Journal of equine veterinary science. Vol No 21 (Issue 4) Pg No 188-193

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Equine Hydrotherapy
This method of therapy is used to treat a wide range of equine injuries; with a focus on tendon and ligament damage. An example of hydrotherapy equipment used is the water treadmill. This must be used correctly to have the best possible outcome of rehabilitation. The following factors must be appropriately balanced to ensure adequate therapy is being provided; buoyancy, viscosity, resistance and hydro static pressure. Differing water levels within the treadmill encourage different styles of rehab. At a low water level the horse will step up and over the water, resulting in the encouragement of range on movement. On the other hand, higher water levels will develop muscular strength. Water treadmills often have beneficial effects on the horses cardiovascular system. Unfortunately, the water treadmill does not aid the rehabilitation of orthopaedic issues or orthopaedic improvement.

Mendez-Angulo, J,L. etal (2013) Effect of water depth on amount of flexion and extension of the joints of the distal aspects of the limbs in healthy horses walking on an underwater treadmill. American Journal of veterinary research. 74 (4) 557-566

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The Journal talks about the effects, good and bad that a water treadmill and swimming pool have on horses, humans and dogs. It tells you how it can improve the horse, and how different depths of water can affect the horse in different ways. As he lower water helps with range of motion as they pick their feet up and then over the water and back down into the water. When the water depth is deeper this causes the horse to improve their muscle strength and stride length. With a higher intensity this is with the swimming, it is less controlled than the water treadmill, and can be tougher on horses if they aren’t as fit.

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Swimming is a high intensity activity for horses and is a method for non-injured horses and can treat musculoskeletal injuries. Running water can help to massage. Standing in cold water helps with soreness. Water Treadmills can lead to rapid healing of lower leg injuries.

Mendez-Angulo, J, L. et al. (2013) Effect of water depth on amount of flexion and extension of joints of the distal aspects of the limbsin healthy horses walking on an underwater treadmill. American journal veterinary research. vol 74 (4), 557-565

Hunt, E, R. (2001) Response of twenty-seven horses with lower leg injuries to cold spa bath hydrotherapy. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. vol 21 (4), 188-193.

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Hydrotherapy is used as a rehab tool as it improves muscle strength and cardiovascular fitness during exercising. The aquatic exercise of using a water treadmill is used due to the physical properties, for example buoyancy and resistance. As the horse is in the water, the amount of weight put on the horses joints decreases and the resistance against the water builds up muscle strength. It also helps to re-establish the range on movement of the affected joints. During hydrotherapy, the goal at the end is to restore limb function via maximising flexibility of any injured soft tissue, then increasing muscle and bone strength. The most intense version of hydrotherapy is swimming due to it being non weight bearing and we cant control the speed . As a whole using water as a rehab tool decreases the amount of weight on joints allowing that free movement.

Mendez-Angular,J,L.etal(2013)Effects Of Water Depth On Amount Of Flexion And Extension Of Joints Of The Distal Aspects Of The Limbs In Healthy Horses Walking On An Underwater Treadmill. American journal veterinary research. 74(4),557-56

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Hydrotherapy is a method used to treat injured horses it is mainly on lower leg injuries more specifically tendon and ligaments. They can be high intensity or low intensity. It helps with strengthen the bones, muscles and helps the horse with movement. Cold hosing provides a massaging effect as it is a constant pressure of the same temperature.

Hunt, E.R., (2001). Response of twenty-seven horses with lower leg injuries to cold spa bath hydrotherapy. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 21(4), pp.188-193.

Mendez-Angulo, J, L. et al, (2013) Effect of water depth on amount of flexion and extension of joints of the distal aspects of the limb in healthy horses walking on an underwater treadmill. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 74, (4), 557-566.

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MollieEquine Hydrotherapy:From looking at both journals I have come to the opinion that hydrotherapy is beneficial in the rehabilitation of horses as it decreases pressure placed on the joints which relieves the horse from pain. Hydrotherapy helps horses with musculoskeletal injuries to build strength as well as maximising the flexibility of soft tissues and reestablishing the horses range of motion. Points against hydrotherapy are that some horses may have to be on mild sedation, they may feel claustrophic and the horses can overheat during strenous exercise in water. Kowing this I still think it is benefical as there aren't many points against it compared to for it.- Porter, M. (2005) Equine Rehabilitation Therapy for Joint Disease. Veterinary Clinics: Equine Practise. Vol 21, Pages 601-602.

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MollieEquine Hydrotherapy:From looking at both journals I have come to the opinion that hydrotherapy is beneficial in the rehabilitation of horses as it decreases pressure placed on the joints which relieves the horse from pain. Hydrotherapy helps horses with musculoskeletal injuries to build strength as well as maximising the flexibility of soft tissues and reestablishing the horses range of motion. Points against hydrotherapy are that some horses may have to be on mild sedation, they may feel claustrophic and the horses can overheat during strenous exercise in water. Kowing this I still think it is benefical as there aren't many points against it compared to for it.- Porter, M. (2005) Equine Rehabilitation Therapy for Joint Disease. Veterinary Clinics: Equine Practise. Vol 21, Pages 601-602.

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Acupuncture:
Acupuncture is used to help with the tension of muscles. It is put intothe muscle and removed to remove tension in the horses muscles. It is looked upon that its not very efficient nd effective. It is also looked at that it can be more dangerous

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Physiotherapy was first discovered in humans but it progressed onto horses. Physiotherapy reduces muscle tension and soreness. It allows the horse to have greater flexibility and a range of motion. Some of the common therapeutic techniques are, compression, direct pressure, friction and myofascial release therapy. Heart rate, blood pressure and hormonal effects can result in a relaxation response that may reduce stress and anxiety.

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Aromatherapy with lavender essential oil can reduce the heart rate of the horse to give off a calming and relaxing effect. Lavender is known to have a sedative effect on the horse. Horses that are wild or young will show a greater effect when given lavender scents. Lavender reduces nervousness when they are being examined in vets or treatment following performance injuries. It should be used as a short-term therapy technique.

Transporting horses in trailers increases their stress, serum cortisol and heart rate levels. When horses are given lavender their heart rate does not change when travelling, but their cortisol levels are reduced when trailered.

Clarence, E. et al. (2013). Effect of Lavender Aromatherapy on Acute-Stressed Horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. Vol 33 (1), 67-69.

Bradley, H. et al. (2018). Use of Lavender Aromatherapy to Relieve Stress in Trailered Horses. Journal of equine veterinary science.

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Massage therapy started first on humans, however then progressed and developed to be used on horses. We use massage on horses as for several different reasons:
Increases horses mobility which contributes to their ROM.
Reduces stress
Enhances blood flow
Enhances lactate clearance
The end result in having message therapy applied to your horse is that it reduces their muscle tension, soreness, and muscle spasms which are common in older horses and athletic horses in high intensity work. Massage therapy also reduces activity of nociceptive pain receptors.

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Ernst, E. (1997). Acupuncture, Fools, and Horses . Letters. 14 (6), 325-356 pgs.

Ernst, E. (1997). Acupuncture, Fools, and Horses . Letters. 14 (6), 325-356 pgs.

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Water treadmill exercise often incorporated into rehabilitation programmes for horses. It is more suitable for horses in the early stages of controlled exercise programme as it is a lower intensity activity than swimming. Water treadmill exercise may be a useful substitute for ridden exercise in sport horses ungoing rehabilitation for injuries such as tendonitis, desmitis and treamtent of back pain/ dysfunction. Water provides buoyancy and will assist the horse in lifting the limb in the vertical plane, but presents a greater resistance to movement in the sagittal plane when compared to walking on a normal treadmill. Water exercise may increases activity of the muscles which flex the hip.Scott, R. et al, (2010). The effect of water height on stride frequency, stride length and heart rate during water treadmill exercise. Equine Veterinary Journal. 42 (38), 662 - 664.

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Water treadmill exercise often incorporated into rehabilitation programmes for horses. It is more suitable for horses in the early stages of controlled exercise programme as it is a lower intensity activity than swimming. Water treadmill exercise may be a useful substitute for ridden exercise in sport horses ungoing rehabilitation for injuries such as tendonitis, desmitis and treamtent of back pain/ dysfunction. Water provides buoyancy and will assist the horse in lifting the limb in the vertical plane, but presents a greater resistance to movement in the sagittal plane when compared to walking on a normal treadmill. Water exercise may increases activity of the muscles which flex the hip.Scott, R. et al, (2010). The effect of water height on stride frequency, stride length and heart rate during water treadmill exercise. Equine Veterinary Journal. 42 (38), 662 - 664.