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Hostility towards witches stemmed from the Puritans' fear of Satan and the hardships that were supposedly caused by him. The reoccurring incidents of supernatural behaviors among young girls in Salem led civilians to take action against witchcraft in court. As a result, over two hundred people were jailed and nineteen were executed. In the 1950's, Americans were faced with a similar situation when accusations of communism were made by Senator Joseph McCarthy. Arthur Miller was a famous playwright who was known for refusing to submit to his claims and writing The Crucible in order to address the issue with repeating past mistakes.