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Comment on Ham's style and technique e.g. narrative perspective, figurative language, choice of language etc. Use quotes

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After reading chapter 3: How has Ham established the characters - what methods of characterisation does Ham use? How are readers positioned to think of these characters? Copy in a useful quote

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After reading chapter 3: How has Ham established the setting of Dungatar - how is the reader positioned e.g. what mood is established, how do we feel about the town? Are cliches of small town life reinforced? Copy in a useful quote

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The name “Dungatar” used to depict the essence of the town as “dull” and “unclean”, where the reader is positioned as a third person, viewing the characters from another point of view. The clichés of small town life are reinforced as all the characters seem to know each other, as quoted in the text, “You can’t keep anything a secret here… Everybody knows everything about everyone…” (pg 33).

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in Dungatar, everyone knows everyone. it is known for being a small, dull town.

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Dungatar is depicted as the kind of 'stereotypical' small country town where everyone is connected together and knows about each others happenings, such as the the chemist knowing about Faith O'Brien's affair and how "you cant keep anything a secret here, everybody knows everything about everyone." (pg; 33)

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The setting is very dull and peculiar, there is a small population and therefore everyone must know everything about one another. The reader feels intrigued to discover more about the town, and the several characters who are incorporated in the story.
The small town is almost a cliche, in the way that everyone is in each others business.

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Dungatar is positioned as a judgmental, small country town, set in the 1950s. The mood of the town is very mysterious and old, and Gothic. It is not highly populated, and everyone knows everyone's secrets. a quote of this specific cliche is when Molly explains to Tilly over tea "everybody knows everything about everyone but no one ever tittle-tattles because thne someone else'll tell on them. But you dont matter - it's open slather on outcasts."(chapter 3, page 33)

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The mood of the town is mysterious and old.  however everyone knows everything about everyone. It is not a highly populated or eventful town. Therefore helps to create the theme of mystery.

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Ham describes Dungatar as a small backwater country town, nearly devoid of any modern input, as evidenced by the double meaning in the name of the town itself. The small-town clichés of “Everybody knows Everybody” is ever present in Ham’s writing. Ham also observes that because everybody know each other’s dirty laundry, no one is willing to call each other out on their darker dealings, for fear of their own secrets being exposed. This places the town into a tense and forced peace because of the mutually assured destruction that such a situation imposes. However, this peace is only extened to long-term residents of the town. Outsiders or new people have no leverage to utilize, which makes them open for slander. This is evidenced by the following quote from pg. 33:

“…Everybody knows everything about everyone, but no one ever tittle-tattles because then someone else’ll tell on them. But you don’t matter – it’s open slather on outcasts”

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Ham does reinforce the clichés of small town life, particularly that in Dungatar, everyone knows everyone. This is shown at the end of chapter 3, when Mad Molly says ‘You can’t keep anything secret here… everybody knows everything about everyone’.

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Ham does reinforce the clichés of small town life, particularly that in Dungatar, everyone knows everyone. This is shown at the end of chapter 3, when Mad Molly says ‘You can’t keep anything secret here… everybody knows everything about everyone’.

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Ham has set up Dungatar like a traditional country town where everyone is a local and full of quirky characters that are all unique.

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Ham establishes each character in the novel through characterisation, where each characters’ personality is unique to another, allowing for an extended point of view from the reader’s perspective. For example, Tilly arrived back in Dungatar, her home town, to visit her mother and to leave the busyness and rush of New York City. “…’Why are you here?’ ‘for peace and quiet’ said the girl”. Unlike others in the town of Dungatar, who are happy to live about their lives in the center of town.

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The reader’s are positioned to believe that Dungatar is a judgmental, small-minded, country town, stereotypical of small country towns. This cliché is evident when Molly tells Tilly over tea that “You can’t keep anything secret here…Everybody knows everything about everyone but no one ever tittle-tattles because then someone else’ll tell on them.” (pg. 33)

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Each character has been well established with a flurry of description about how people look, their relations and some small behavioral habits. For example Mr Almanac the chemist has his extensive fridge contents listed (pg;22-23), which often would just be described in a novel as 'His refrigerator was filled to the brim with various medical concoctions and specimens.'

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the town comes across very dark and dull. It is a small country town and everyone knows everyone and all their secrets which would make it hard to escape and make you feel trapped, this may be why Molly has gone mad

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Ham has used the technique of narrative perspective to tell the story. She writes in 3rd person so readers are not seeing the story through someones eyes. Instead the use of 3rd person gives a less biased view on view the situations encountered.

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Ham has established the setting of Dungatar as a little, abandoned town in the country, there's the essential main street where everyone is introduced into the book, everyone knows everything about each other from the small population.
The mood of the town is dark and uncertain with
the surroundings and characters.

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The readers are positioned to think Dungatar is a small mysterious town that contains Gothic people. A quote from the book is: "Everybody knows everything about everyone but no one ever tittle-tattles because then someone else'll tell in them".

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After reading the first three chapters the reader can see that Dungatar is almost a typical small country. For example as stated everyone knows everyone and their business. The reader also gets a feel for the mood of the novel, which seems to be dark and mysterious.

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Ham introduces quite a few characters in succession within the first three chapters. The majority of the time, these characters are described through another person’s perspective, often with one highlighted characteristic emphasizing that, in Dungatar, everyone knows everyone. For instance, Mona Beaumont is described through the character Sergeant Farrat, who identifies her character by her way of speech: ‘Mona had a way of making words flat and long.'

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Ham uses the technique of description, to give the reader a clear image of the characters and setting they are positioned in. Her style of writing is in third person, and there is a recurring theme of mystery, that keeps the reader intrigued.

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Ham uses several methods of characterisation to give the reader certain views of each character. For example Ham uses the Dialog of the Beaumonts to show their superiority compared to other characters.

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Ham creates the characters to each be unique to one another, which enables the reader to gather and make conclusions about them. This helps the reader gather an understanding of the book and each and every one of them to enable the reader to make conclusions.

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Ham's narrative perspective allows the reader to see all sides of the story from different characters. He also uses the conversation and dialog of different characters to help tell the story.

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Dungatar is a stereotypical old country town, in the middle of nowhere, where all townspeople know everything about anyone. Ham creates a mysterious mood introducing ‘The Hill’. “Travellers crossing the wheat-yellow plains to Dungatar would first notice a dark blot shimmering at the edge of the flatness” (page 1). Describing The Hill as ‘a dark blot’ creates the sense of mystery and the importance that ‘The Hill’ will play later in the novel.

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Ham has established the characters to be all unique with different
characteristics, for examples the use of speech, actions and thoughts
by the characters.

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Ham has used the technique of an narrative perspective. He's used a lot of other technique to tell the story

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Ham has created the setting of the town to be old and somewhat unsettling by the way that Tilly returns and the way in which the other people talk about her and her mother. The cliche is reinforced throughout the book of the town that everyone knows everyone and that you cant keep secrets in the town unless you want everyone finding out about it.

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Rosalie Ham writes in the third-person perspective. She utilises figurative language such as personification in order to establish her character’s and their traits, and the setting. Ham uses personification addressing the hill with capital letters, “The Hill cast a shadow over the town…” (pg. 1) to make it seem as if the hill is a living thing. Other figurative language such as imagery, to set the scene, and metaphors to add description, are used throughout the novel so far.

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Ham makes the characters look very special and not like anyone else. This positions the reader to have a lot more of an understanding about each character we're introduced to.

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Ham’s writing style and technique is used to incorporate figurative language into each characters’ choice of words. For example, Mona Beaumont is a name used to depict her as a posh lady, as well as the use of figurative language as she speaks. “Mother sa-ays the girls around here are un-refined” which expands our image and view of her.

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Ham writes in third person, switching back and force between multiple perspectives. She uses highly descriptive language, with quite a few similes and metaphors present. For instance, when Teddy sees his sisters doing the laundry upon arriving home, he describes the action through a simile: ‘Elizabeth and Mary wrung a sheet, coiled like fat toffee between them.’

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Han has used individual unique traits and personalities for each character she describes, making all character important, unique and different from each character. For example, Sergeant Farrat has a stereotypical gay personality. “… able to design and make his own clothes to match the weather” (page 20).

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Han uses the perspective of many different people of the town, therefore making the reader understand the views from different characters.

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Rosalie Ham established the characters through descriptive characterisation, allowing readers to develop a quick judgement of the characters and their personalities. When describing Elsbeth, Ham states that “she was a small, sharp, razor-thin woman with a long nose and an imperious expression. She wore, as ever, a navy linen dress and her fox fur.” (pg. 16) This description indicates to the readers that Elsbeth is most likely a domineering, sophisticated and wealthy woman.

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- description of appearance, manner, dress " he smiled, he had straight white teeth" (reveals Ted's attractiveness - implying that Tilly notices this too).
"He turned to look at her, a smudge of foam sitting on his nose. Purl felt her pelvic floor contract..." (pg.26)
- internal dialogue - what they think
- others impressions of them "she seemed strong but damaged" (p.7)
- speech
-actions

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buildings on the bend of the creek are "like freckles on a nose" p.11
"the green eye of the oval looked back up at Tilly, the cars around its edge like lashes" - a menacing persona? like the town itself is judging her along with its inhabitants....

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Find a quote from chapters 4-7 that gives some insight into how men or women are characterised in the novel. How are they shaped by the town's expectations? Do they conform to and reinforce gender roles, or do they transcend or break the norm? Are some characters almost caricatures or archetypes of people?

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Nancy Pickett is described by Tilly as "she was a square faced woman with broad shoulders and a boyish gait" This quote is breaking the norm of the women in the town as no other woman is described like this. - pg 38

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The women and men of Dungatar are much like caricatures of people. For example, the boys all play football and muck around during class. They are all expected to become farmers or football players, which is much like caricatures. "The playground was full of skipping girls, boys playing footy and small children playing hoppy." (page 55) This is a archetype as well, because most boys play football during school as children. I found this quote very archetypical and valid to the question, hence why I believe the people in Dungatar follow the norm, and aer easy to picture and understand.

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Marigold Pettyman is a typical stay ta home wife that is always cleaning and looking after her husband. 'Marigold Pettyman sat by the light of the radiogram with an icepack balanced on her curlers waiting for her husband" This quote signifies that Marigold is a stereotype of the woman gender role. - pg 57

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It is clear throughout the novel the gender roles of the time. The women to stay home make sure the house is pristine clean when the man comes home. "He unlocked the kitchen door and stepped into the kitchen which was scrubbed and disenfected to surgery standard, its floor was slippery and brilliant." pg 57/
The women also had an expectation to always look feminine and attractive. "Gertrude went to the ladies' rest room and applied red lipstick" .pg 54

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Throughout the novel, it is evident that men and women are portrayed upon a different set of standards in society. Men seem to have the upper hand, whilst the women are deemed as lower class, and follow only instructions from their husbands. "Your dinner's in the refrigerator, she said. Evan ate at the kitchen table... There were two slices of white bread, buttered to the edges. Since there might be crumbs Marigold had spread the newspaper around Evan's chair.... Marigold tidied up after him" (p.58)

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Ham describes the character of Bobby with the following quote: "Nancy had given him a dog for Christmas - she thought it might stop him from sucking his thumb." (pg 43). This comment describes Bobby as a sensitive person, as babies suck thumbs and they are also sensitive.

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“… footballers and their supporters lined up at the bar. A foaming beer sat waiting at every spot.” (page 62). This quote supports the typical characteristics of men from a country town. The men are always supposed to hang around bars and drink beer, creating a manly persona.

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Pg: 64
'More like our Purl, is she?' said the drover and looked at her with a lewd expression.
Fred looked the drover in the eye, 'MY Purl,'he said and screwed a bar cloth over the sink until it squeaked.
This shows two stereotypes of men first is the drover, he is displayed as longing for Purl who is said to be pretty, and the second is Fred who is shown as masculine and be protective of his girl.

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With few exceptions, Ham’s characters mainly conform to the stereotypical gender roles of that era, further shaped by the expectations of the town. The men of Dungatar are expected to be very masculine, domineering and sporty, whereas the women are expected to be gossipy and more feminine housewives. The men are expected to either play for or heavily support the Dungatar football team. They are at the bar with a beer in hand quite often throughout the chapters so far, “The tense footballers and their supporters lined up at the bar. A foaming beer sat waiting at every spot.” (pg. 62). The women are controlled and sometimes abused by their husbands. They are expected to cook and clean after them. An example of this reinforced gender role is when Evan comes home to his wife Marigold and she immediately replies to his greeting with “’Your dinner’s in the refrigerator,’” and as soon as he is finished eating “Marigold tidied up after him” (pg. 58).

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The citizens of Dungatar are the stereotypes of their male and female counterparts. This means that they are caricatures of people  because this then tells you who the type of people live in Dungatar. The characters don't 'break the norm'. There are some characters that are different and don't fit any role, but the rest aren't any different to the  characters we've read about a hundred times before.

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The women in Dungatar follow the traditional 1950's roles of cooking and cleaning and not having their own career. for example Marigold Pettyman who stays home all day cleaning the house, cooking meals and cleaning up after her partner. "Marigold tidied up after him. She scrubbed his knife, fork and plate in boiling suds, littered the sink with Vim, rubbed, rinsed and dried the area thoroughly...." page 58.

The men of Dungatar are expected to become farmers and play footy in honor of the town. The men also always hang around bars drinking with their friends and celebrating after winning games. "The team were lifted onto shoulders and marched around the bar, with the club song sung again, and again, and again. " page 68