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The aftermath stats of the Haitian revolution

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The aftermath stats of the Haitian revolution

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Prior to the Haitian revolution the Spanish began to enslave the native Taino and Ciboney people when Christopher Columbus sighted the island and then proceeded to force the people to mine gold. During this time the Spanish/European diseases and brutal conditions had basically killed them all at the end of the 16th century. After the gold mines and people disappeared the French took over bringing more slaves over and taking the country for their own. Haitian social deeply fragmented  by skin color, class, and gender. Some slaves managed to escape into guerilla warfare at the time. The French enslaved the Africans to work and the sugar plantations. While the French revolution was taking place the French colony of Haitian rose up against their French masters. in august 1791 1 00000 enslaved Africans rose up in revolt. Toussaint L'ouverture was a leader during this time, then enslaved, unfamiliar with diplomatic matters, even so roes up to be a skilled general and diplomat, in 1801 he took over the island and freed all of the enslaved.

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Preliminary Stage: The old Regime

France at the time was economically weak with the French revolution taking place. The French began to impose steep tariffs on its colonies and demanding them to only trade with France itself and it was bad to trade with other nations.

Due to the majority of Saint Dominigues island being made up of mostly slaves, with the small minority of the island being made up of whites and freed people of color, the slaves were not submitting to their own status. Realizing this, they used their strength in numbers to overwhelm the colonial officials and planters. The colonial officials and planters struggle and did what they could to contain and suppress them.

The first Stage: Rule of the Moderates

While somewhat unsuccessful, the French tried to give their colony some sense of power that was theirs. Once the Revoloution kicked off, several colonies simultaneously revolted as well. In response to this, the General Assembly of Paris agreed to pass a legislation that gave St. Dominigue autonomy at the local level, though somewhat.

Some petit blancs thought that if they could become independent from France, they could seize control and implement a new order. In 1791, they seiged the city of Port -au - Prince. In May of that same year, the National Assembly gave all free men of color, who were wealthy and owned land, citizenship. The petit blancs did not enjoy the lack of attention they received. As a result of this, fighting amongst them and the free color men arose.

Second Stage: Rule of the Radicals

Soon after August 1791, a massive slave revolt broke out. A former slave of African descent, previously known as Toussaint Breda, was one of the leaders of this uprising. Later taking on the name Toussaint L'ouverture, he helped train the slaves into a disciplined army that could withstand every attack from the French troops. Due to France being against the slaves, alongside the British and Spanish, they were forced to free the slaves and abolish slavery entirely in Saint Dominigue.

The colony still legally belonged to the French, and became apart of Napoleons growing empire. Due to Napoleons wish to make France an empire again, he planned to reinstate slavery. When the former slaves caught wind of this, they fought back. The former slaves had the upper hand, and defeated Napoleon's forces, making him not have expanded to the Americas.

Stage 3: The Recovery

With L'Ouverture dead in a French prison and Napoleon's troops driven away from the island, Saint Domingue could finally declarrfe its independence. Dessalines had declared the notion and renamed the colony Haiti.

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The slaughter during the French revolution.

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The slaughter during the French revolution.

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Dessalines orders the slaughter of the remaining French residents in Haiti after promising them protection. Blacks and mulattoes, most of them former slaves, exact revenge on the whites and as many as 4,000 are killed. They are urged on by Dessalines, who famously cried, "Koupe tèt, brule kay," meaning, "Cut their heads, burn their houses."

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-French Rev. Gov granted rank of citizenship to wealthier affranchis, but European populous disregarded the law. 2 months later isolated fighting between affranchis and Europeans, and in August,10^3's slaves started revolting and in order to quell these uprisings, they granted rank of citizenship to all affranchis in April, 1792.

-Country torn by rival factions, which were either supported by Spanish colonists on the East, or British troops from Jamaica.

-In 1793, commissioner   Léger-Félicité Sonthonax sent to maintain order and offered slaves freedom who joined his army and soon planned to abolish slavery altogether, which was later confirmed by French Government next year

-Followed most ideas of the Enlightenment

-In late 1790's Toussaint Louverture, military leader and formal slave, gained control of multiple areas and and earned support from French Agents. Gave nominal allegiance to French, still pursued own goals, which included negotiations of British. During May 1801, he named himself Governor-General for life. Napoleon I wanting to maintain control of island, sent brother in law, Gen. Charles Leclerc, to restore original regime. Toussant struggled with his forces and they eventually agreed to an armistice in May 1802, though French ignored it and arrested him in France. Later died April 7, 1803.

-Jean Jacques Dessalines and Henry Christophe led a black army against French in 1802 due to evidence being found that Napoleon intended to restore slavery. They defeated the French commander and a majority of his forces. In November 1803 the viscount surrendered the remnants that remained. French withdrawal from Haiti but remained in eastern area until 1809.

-On January 1, 1804, entirety of island declared independent under the Arawak

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Grade received: A-

Reasoning behind grade: The Haitian Revolution is considered the best slave rebellion in the Western Hemisphere. They had successfully overthrown their French slavers, through with a hefty cost of 200,000 Haitians, 45,000 British, and 75,000 French. The reason not an A+ is because of the many lives lost on all sides. Overall they managed to take the ideas of the englightment and use them as fuel to fight for their freedom and to overthrow the government together as a group.