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Reactants: C6H10O5 (Cellulose) + 6O2 (Oxygen Gas)
Products: 6CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) + 5H2O (Water)

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How do you know that a chemical reaction is taking place?

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How do you know that a chemical reaction is taking place?

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Smoke is being created (which contains new compounds) and heat is absorbed and produced.
A new substance (smoke) and heat being absorbed are both evidences of chemical reactions.

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Burning wood is an example of combustion. Combustion is mixing heat (usually fire from a match or a lighter) with a substance (like a candle or wood) which causes fire to burn away at the substance. The substance produces more heat and also produces smoke which contains new compounds.

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How to Caramelize sugar- Easiest way from start to finish

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Reactants: C12H22O11 (sucrose) + H2O (water) + heat

Products: C6H12O6 (glucose) + C6H12O6 (fructose)

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How do you know a chemical reaction is taking place?

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How do you know a chemical reaction is taking place?

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The color, scent, and texture changes. A new substance is being formed out of the changes in molecular structure. Also, heat is being absorbed, so it as an endothermic reaction (more on that later).

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It is an endothermic reaction, as the sugar is absorbing the heat to change from a white powder to a caramel-colored liquid which eventually hardens. This is happening because the heat causes the particles to separate and form new compounds with the water and each other. Water is also left over and evaporates.

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Video Lab: Chemical reaction: Change in Color

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Reactants: KMnO4 (potassium permanganate) solution + C12H22O11 (sucrose) & NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide) solution

Products: The potassium permanganate keeps being reduced, which is why it keeps changing colors: MnO4- + e- → MnO4-2
then
MnO4-2 + 2H2O + 2e- → MnO2 + 4OH-

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How do you know that a chemical reaction is taking place?

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How do you know that a chemical reaction is taking place?

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The liquid keeps changing colors, all which are different from the original (until it settles down to clear).

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Once the two solutions are mixed, part of the potassium permanganate (permanganate ion) is reduced manganate ion (MnO₄- + e⁻ → MnO₄⁻²). The compound on the left is purple, and the one on the right is green. They combine to look blue. Next, the green manganate is reduced to manganese dioxide (MnO₄⁻² + 2H₂O + 2e⁻ → MnO₂ + 4OH⁻). The manganese dioxide is a brown solid, but it’s in such small particles that it appears to make the liquid turn yellow.

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Chemistry experiment 28 - Iodine clock reaction

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Reactants: H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) and H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) solution + KI (potassium iodide) and Na2S2O3 (sodium thiosulfate) and starch solution

Products: Two reactions happen:
H2O2 + 2I− + 2H+ → I2 + 2H2O
then
2S2O32− + I2 → S4O62− + 2I−

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How do you know that a chemical reaction is taking place?

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How do you know that a chemical reaction is taking place?

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The color changes from clear to a dark blue.

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In the first, slow reaction, iodine is produced: H2O2 + 2I− + 2H+ → I2 + 2H2O
In the second, fast reaction, iodine is reconverted to 2 iodide ions by the thiosulfate: 2S2O32− + I2 → S4O62− + 2I−
The second reaction creates the blue color, which is caused by the triiodine-starch complex.

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Reactants: NaHCO3 (baking soda) + HC2H3O2 (acetic acid)

Products: C2H3NaO2 (sodium acetate) + H2O (water) + CO2 (carbon dioxide)

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How do you know that a chemical reaction is taking place?

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How do you know that a chemical reaction is taking place?

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There is fizzing.

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This is actually a two step reaction. First,  acetic acid in the vinegar reacts with sodium bicarbonate to form sodium acetate and carbonic acid. Carbonic acid is unstable and undergoes a decomposition reaction to produce the carbon dioxide gas, which escapes the solution as bubbles.

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(Video is my Explain Everything)

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Get access to files anywhere through secure cloud storage and file backup for your photos, videos, files and more with Google Drive.

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Reactants: C6H8O7 (Citric Acid) + 3NaHCO3 (Sodium bicarbonate)
Products: Na3C6H5O7 (Sodium citrate) + 3CO2 (Carbon dioxide) + 3H2O (Water)

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How do you know that a chemical reaction is taking place?

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How do you know that a chemical reaction is taking place?

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The Alka Seltzer tablet is fizzing and creating bubbles throughout the mixture.

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The only reaction that is actually taking place is in the Alka-Seltzer tablet (the Citric Acid and Sodium Bicarbonate). The reason they don't react while dry is that they need to run into each other, which can't happen while they are stuck in place (and they are stuck in place while dry). But, once the Alka-Seltzer tablet is put into water the sodium bicarbonate and citric acid start to dissolve and can move around more easily. So, they come into contact and react.

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Reactants: NaCl (Sodium Chloride) solution  + AgNO3 (Silver Nitrate) solution

Products: AgCl (Silver Chloride) + NaNO3 (Sodium Nitrate) solution

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How do you know that a chemical reaction is taking place?

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How do you know that a chemical reaction is taking place?

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A solid, or precipitate, is formed.

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Sodium chloride and silver nitrate are both solids that are highly soluble in water.  They give a double displacement reaction where the ions switch places and produce sodium nitrate and silver chloride.  Sodium nitrate is also very soluble in water, but silver chloride is highly insoluble in water and will precipitate out of solution as a white solid.

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Magnesium Sulfate Solution and Sodium Carbonate Solution

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Magnesium Sulfate Solution and Sodium Carbonate Solution

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Chemical Reaction: Sodium Carbonate and Magnesium Sulfate

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Reactants: MgSO4 (Magnesium Sulfate) Solution + Na2CO3 (Sodium Carbonate) Solution

Products: MgCO3 (Magnesium Carbonate) + Na2SO4 (Sodium Sulfate) + MgOH2 (Magnesium Hydroxide)

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How do you know that a chemical reaction is taking place?

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How do you know that a chemical reaction is taking place?

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A precipitate (white powder) is formed).

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A double displacement reaction happened. The compounds separated into ions, then the Na replaces the Mg because it is more stable. The sulfate also replaces the carbonate because it is more reactive. Magnesium Hydroxide and Magnesium Carbonate can't really be dissolved in water, so they precipitate out and form solids in the liquid.

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Maillard Reaction

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What Is the Maillard Reaction? - Instant Egghead #44

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It is different depending on the conditions and types of sugars and amino acids, but it always involves sugar and amino acids. Some examples of ending products are: thiopenes, oxazoles, and many others.

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How do you know that a chemical reaction is taking place?

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How do you know that a chemical reaction is taking place?

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New scents and flavors are produced and sometimes the color changes.

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The sugars and amino acids in a food combine when heated up to about 300 degrees to create new compounds that have a different scent and flavor.

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Creating Lithium Sulfide and Hydrogen Sulfide

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Creating Lithium Sulfide and Hydrogen Sulfide

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How to Make Lithium Sulfide (Li2S) and Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)

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Reactants: Li (Lithium) + H (Hydrogen) + heat

Products: Li2S (Lithium Sulfide) + H2S (Hydrogen Sulfide)

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How do you know that a chemical reaction is taking place?

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How do you know that a chemical reaction is taking place?

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The rotten egg odor of H2S is produced, the substance looks completely different with a different texture, shape, etc.

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When you burn Sulfur and Lithium, they chemically combine to create Li2S. When Lithium Sulfide breaks down in air, it releases Hydrogen Sulfide which produces a rotten egg odor.

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Reactants: Fe (Iron) + O (Oxygen) + H2O (water)

Products: Fe2O3 (Hydrated Ferris Oxide) + H2O (water)

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How do you know that a chemical reaction is taking place?

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How do you know that a chemical reaction is taking place?

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A new substance (rust) is formed with a new color and texture.

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The rusting of iron is a redox reaction. Rust happens when iron and oxygen reacts in the presence of water. Iron and oxygen react easily, so this happens often and easily.

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The chemistry of cookies - Stephanie Warren

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Reactants: 2NaHCO3 (baking soda)

Products: Na₂CO₃ + H₂O + CO₂

Other reactions happen with: NaCl (salt), C12H22O11 (sucrose), fat/butter, egg

All of these reactions are triggered because of the heat.

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How do you know that a chemical reaction is taking place?

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How do you know that a chemical reaction is taking place?

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A new scent and flavor is formed, the cookies look very different from the cookie dough (new color, texture, etc.). This shows that baked cookies are a different substance than cookie dough.

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When the NaHCO3 absorbs heat, a chemical reaction occurs in which the CO2 create bubbles in the cookie. The NaCl slows down the production of the CO2 which prevents the bubbles from becoming too big. Also, the sucrose breaks down into glucose and fructose creating the light-brown, shiny crust. The butter creates the light texture, and the fat and protein from the egg yolks hold the dough together while the albumin from the egg whites support the bubbles.

Once the cookie gets to a higher temperature, caramelization and the Maillard reaction take place creating a different color, scent, and flavor.