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a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.

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the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.

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the growth in an artificial medium of cells derived from living tissue.

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the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.

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a substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from the causative agent of a disease, its products, or a synthetic substitute, treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease.

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Gregor Johann Mendel was a scientist, Augustinian friar and abbot of St. Thomas' Abbey in Brno, Margraviate of Moravia. Mendel was born in a German-speaking family in the Silesian part of the Austrian Empire and gained posthumous recognition as the founder of the modern science of genetics.

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Francis Harry Compton Crick OM FRS (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004) was a British molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist, most noted for being a co-discoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953 with James Watson.

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Gene splicing is a post-transcriptional modification in which a single gene can code for multiple proteins. Gene Splicing is done in eukaryotes, prior to mRNA translation, by the differential inclusion or exclusion of regions of pre-mRNA. Gene splicing is an important source of protein diversity.

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Paul Berg is an American biochemist and professor emeritus at Stanford University. He was the recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1980, along with Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger. The award recognized their contributions to basic research involving nucleic acids

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a medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.

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Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals of an organism either naturally or artificially. In nature, many organisms produce clones through asexual reproduction.

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the transplantation of normal genes into cells in place of missing or defective ones in order to correct genetic disorders.

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Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical processes, molecular interactions, physiological mechanisms, development and evolution.

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Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical processes, molecular interactions, physiological mechanisms, development and evolution.

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Synthetic biology is a new interdisciplinary area that involves the application of engineering principles to biology. It aims at the (re-)design and fabrication of biological components and systems that do not already exist in the natural world.

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Genetic engineering (GE) is the modification of an organism's genetic composition by artificial means, often involving the transfer of specific traits, or genes, from one organism into a plant or animal of an entirely different species.

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the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry.

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relating to or denoting an organism that contains genetic material into which DNA from an unrelated organism has been artificially introduced.

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Bio manufacturing is a type of manufacturing or biotechnology that utilizes biological systems to produce commercially important bio materials and bio molecules for use in medicines, food and beverage processing, and industrial applications.

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the process of genetically modifying plants and animals so that they produce substances that may be used as pharmaceuticals.

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a large increase in crop production in developing countries achieved by the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yield crop varieties.

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an undifferentiated cell of a multi cellular organism that is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation.

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the science of collecting and analyzing complex biological data such as genetic codes.

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short for biotechnology.