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Vladimir Lenin

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Simon Bolivar

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Very religious
Violent

- Sacraficed people to the gods
- Conquered many people
- Used their conquered people as sacrifices
- Land left open for flower wars
○ They came back to conquer for sacrafices
§ Different than regular warfare

- Each detail of their calendar represents a different aspect of their religion/culture

Calendar references the sun god
Violent
- Make sure that the kids would behave
Killed at the end of the festival

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- Way cheaper to have other countries make products
○ Wich means that the Co. s get bigger profit
- Potosi
○ Didn't have slaves
§ But they had African Americans to work for them
○ Conditions were VERY bad
§ Kids would have to go
□ They would die
○ Families would throw funerals for the kids as "going away" "parties"
- Fur
○ Who are the countries involved
§ France
§ England
§ Russia
§ Dutch
○ Who are the people involved

○ What effects on indigenous people and environment did the fur trade have
§ Agriculture=pop increase
□ People travel elsewhere
□ Less furry animals
§ Looked for more fur from NA
□ Brandy and whiskey
® Alcoholism
□ Spread of disease
□ Intro of guns to NA
□ Less furry animals
□ Warfare
§ (Taxes) pay in furs (russia)
- Slave demographics
○ American food crops will suppl. Traditional African crops
○ Steady pop expasion as result of better diets take places in sub-saharan Afica
○ Women: sought after for trans-saharan trade to serve in Harems
○ Men: sought after for Atlantic slave trade
§ Work on plantations
§ Women make up 2/3 pop in some African places
□ Women took over leadership positions
□ Lead to polygamy
○ 16 million slaves: taken out of African homes for slave trade
§ 12 million crossed the sea
§ 4 million died on march to the coast

# data[].attributes.headline
Emotional encounter w/legacy of atlantic slave trade	- Slave trade: one comp. of intern. Networks of exchange		○ Shaped human interactions during 1450-1750	- Europeans: made their way into spice trade		○ In Indian ocean	- Au enriched Western Europe		○ Made its way to China	- Reminds us of enormous sig of commerce in modern world		○  continues in 21st cent			 Allowed Europeans to participate fully in trade w/ east asia	- Furs: from NA and Sabir. 			§ Found market in Eur and Chin.			§ Came from trapping bears and other animals		○ Europe: not only active traders			§ Included S. asia, India, Arabia, Africa 		○ This commerce joined empires			§ Created new global relationships	- Europeans and Asian Commerce		○ European empires in West Hemishpere: accident			§ Doesn't include Asia			§ Result of Columbus' unknowing encounter w/ america		○ Immediate motivation for massive effort: desire for tropical spices			§ Widely used as condiments/preserveatives				□ Sometimes reguarded as Asphrodisiacs		○ Growing intrest in Asia: more general recovery of European civilization			§ Following disaster of black death		○ Early 15th cent. Europe's pop. grows	- Some countries in Europe: becoming centers of international commerce		○ For many centur. Eastern goods trickled into mediterranean, through midd east from Indian Ocean	- Several major problems accompanied this pattern of trade		○ Venice monopolized European trade & eastern goods	- Further prob. For European lay in paying for Eastern goods		○ Persistent trade deficit contributed to intense desire for precious metals	- Portuguese, spanish,french, dutch, and British found way into ancient Asian world of Indian Ocean		○ New regime of globalized trade	- Area of indian ocean commerce that Vasco and successors sailed into		○ East africans. Arabs, persians, indians, malayans, chinese, etc. trade freely				- Portuguese saw opening for ships 		○ Portuguese created trading post empire in Indian Ocean	- Partially blocked traditional RED SEA route to Med sea			§ For century	- Monopolized highly profitable around Africa Europe		○ Controlled half of Spice trade	- Portugueses outnumbered by Asian traders		○ Many married Asian women		○ Hundreds of portuguese escaped control of government			§ Settled in Asia or African ports	- By 1600s portuguese trading post empire: steep decline		○ Overextended	- Spain: first to challenge Portugal's Position	- Spanish first encountered religion during famous round-the-world voyage		○ 1519-1521	- Accompaning spanish rule: major misonary effort		○ Made Spain very diverse	- Asian merchants did not dissappear		○ Despite European dominance in indian ocean	- Attention of historian falls disproportionately on what is new	- Large/wealthy family firms were able to monopolize buying and selling of particular products		○ Dictate terms and prices to Europe trading Co.		○ Such as pepper or coral

# data[].attributes.subject
Emotional encounter w/legacy of atlantic slave trade	- Slave trade: one comp. of intern. Networks of exchange		○ Shaped human interactions during 1450-1750	- Europeans: made their way into spice trade		○ In Indian ocean	- Au enriched Western Europe		○ Made its way to China	- Reminds us of enormous sig of commerce in modern world		○  continues in 21st cent			 Allowed Europeans to participate fully in trade w/ east asia	- Furs: from NA and Sabir. 			§ Found market in Eur and Chin.			§ Came from trapping bears and other animals		○ Europe: not only active traders			§ Included S. asia, India, Arabia, Africa 		○ This commerce joined empires			§ Created new global relationships	- Europeans and Asian Commerce		○ European empires in West Hemishpere: accident			§ Doesn't include Asia			§ Result of Columbus' unknowing encounter w/ america		○ Immediate motivation for massive effort: desire for tropical spices			§ Widely used as condiments/preserveatives				□ Sometimes reguarded as Asphrodisiacs		○ Growing intrest in Asia: more general recovery of European civilization			§ Following disaster of black death		○ Early 15th cent. Europe's pop. grows	- Some countries in Europe: becoming centers of international commerce		○ For many centur. Eastern goods trickled into mediterranean, through midd east from Indian Ocean	- Several major problems accompanied this pattern of trade		○ Venice monopolized European trade & eastern goods	- Further prob. For European lay in paying for Eastern goods		○ Persistent trade deficit contributed to intense desire for precious metals	- Portuguese, spanish,french, dutch, and British found way into ancient Asian world of Indian Ocean		○ New regime of globalized trade	- Area of indian ocean commerce that Vasco and successors sailed into		○ East africans. Arabs, persians, indians, malayans, chinese, etc. trade freely				- Portuguese saw opening for ships 		○ Portuguese created trading post empire in Indian Ocean	- Partially blocked traditional RED SEA route to Med sea			§ For century	- Monopolized highly profitable around Africa Europe		○ Controlled half of Spice trade	- Portugueses outnumbered by Asian traders		○ Many married Asian women		○ Hundreds of portuguese escaped control of government			§ Settled in Asia or African ports	- By 1600s portuguese trading post empire: steep decline		○ Overextended	- Spain: first to challenge Portugal's Position	- Spanish first encountered religion during famous round-the-world voyage		○ 1519-1521	- Accompaning spanish rule: major misonary effort		○ Made Spain very diverse	- Asian merchants did not dissappear		○ Despite European dominance in indian ocean	- Attention of historian falls disproportionately on what is new	- Large/wealthy family firms were able to monopolize buying and selling of particular products		○ Dictate terms and prices to Europe trading Co.		○ Such as pepper or coral

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	- Most notable change 		○ In political range		○  in Islamic society			§ Severely fragmented 				□ Since 900	- Mid 15th century 		○ Ottoman empire 			§ Already carved land from Anatolian region	- Emergence of Turks		○ Dominant people of Islamic world			§ Rule of Arabs			§ Initiated new faith				□ More than 800 years	- 1427		○ Seizure of Constantinople			§ Marked final demise of Christian Byzantium				□ Allowed Ottoman rulers to see them= successors > roman Empire	- 1529		○ Ottoman empire			§ Rapidly expanding		§ Laid siege 				□ To vienna					® In heart of Cent. Europe				□ Terror of the Turks	- Safavid Empire		○ EST. 1500	- Songhay Empire		○ Rose in Second half of 15th Century		○ In West Africa		○ Islam was growing in this Empire	- Mughal empire		○ Creation of Islamized Turk group			§ Invaded India in 1526	- Aztec		○ Mexicana people		○ 1325- est. in Lake Texcoco		○ Very violent people		○ Took over people		○ Many market places		○ Much smaller than Inca		○ Believed in sacrifice		○ Men/women worshiped the sun god together		○ Childern came from BOTH mother and father	- Inca		○ Along the Andes Mountains		○ 10 mil		○ Controlled along all of the andes mountains			§ Had emperor who took control of everyone		○ Let people believe what they wanted		○ Men- sun		○ Women- moon		○ Son came from dad		○ Daughter came from mom	-  Both Inca and Aztec		○ Gender parallelism			§ NOT gender equality	- 1428		○ Triple alliance btw Mexica and two other city states

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	- Most notable change 		○ In political range		○  in Islamic society			§ Severely fragmented 				□ Since 900	- Mid 15th century 		○ Ottoman empire 			§ Already carved land from Anatolian region	- Emergence of Turks		○ Dominant people of Islamic world			§ Rule of Arabs			§ Initiated new faith				□ More than 800 years	- 1427		○ Seizure of Constantinople			§ Marked final demise of Christian Byzantium				□ Allowed Ottoman rulers to see them= successors > roman Empire	- 1529		○ Ottoman empire			§ Rapidly expanding		§ Laid siege 				□ To vienna					® In heart of Cent. Europe				□ Terror of the Turks	- Safavid Empire		○ EST. 1500	- Songhay Empire		○ Rose in Second half of 15th Century		○ In West Africa		○ Islam was growing in this Empire	- Mughal empire		○ Creation of Islamized Turk group			§ Invaded India in 1526	- Aztec		○ Mexicana people		○ 1325- est. in Lake Texcoco		○ Very violent people		○ Took over people		○ Many market places		○ Much smaller than Inca		○ Believed in sacrifice		○ Men/women worshiped the sun god together		○ Childern came from BOTH mother and father	- Inca		○ Along the Andes Mountains		○ 10 mil		○ Controlled along all of the andes mountains			§ Had emperor who took control of everyone		○ Let people believe what they wanted		○ Men- sun		○ Women- moon		○ Son came from dad		○ Daughter came from mom	-  Both Inca and Aztec		○ Gender parallelism			§ NOT gender equality	- 1428		○ Triple alliance btw Mexica and two other city states

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2005=600th anniversary of launch of expeditions in 1405 Chinese set off 87 years before Columbus; Crew-27,000 people 15th century-hinge of major world change Describe the world in 15th century= identify various types of societies contained by it  - Hunter-gatherers	- Villages of agriculture	- Small states - Nomads/pastoral	- Civilizations and empires Represented alternate ways of living Over thousands of years people have gathered different material items/ cultural practices from other societies Different kinds of hunter-gathering societies flourished during the 15ht century  - Along the west coast of North America Life has changed durastically by the early 21st century Agriculture was developed in North Africa Other civilizations were developing Over the centuries following 1500, independent agricultural people were increasingly encompasing in expanding econimic networks conquest empires based in Western Europe.Timur died in 1405Fulbe graduallly migrated eastward in centuries after 1000 C.E.	- Center of a wave of religiously based uprising	○ AKA jihads○ Greatly expanded practice of Islam ○ Gave rise to series of new states § Ruled by the Fulbe First civilizations emerged between 3500 BC and 1000 BCChina recovered during the Ming dynastyChina undertook largest/most impressive maritime expedition the world had ever seen.Renaissance took place in Italy in 1350-1500	- Reflected the belief of the wealthy elite 	○ They were living in a whole new era § Far from confined religious world of feudal EuropeChristianity= the "one true religion"

# data[].attributes.subject
2005=600th anniversary of launch of expeditions in 1405 Chinese set off 87 years before Columbus; Crew-27,000 people 15th century-hinge of major world change Describe the world in 15th century= identify various types of societies contained by it  - Hunter-gatherers	- Villages of agriculture	- Small states - Nomads/pastoral	- Civilizations and empires Represented alternate ways of living Over thousands of years people have gathered different material items/ cultural practices from other societies Different kinds of hunter-gathering societies flourished during the 15ht century  - Along the west coast of North America Life has changed durastically by the early 21st century Agriculture was developed in North Africa Other civilizations were developing Over the centuries following 1500, independent agricultural people were increasingly encompasing in expanding econimic networks conquest empires based in Western Europe.Timur died in 1405Fulbe graduallly migrated eastward in centuries after 1000 C.E.	- Center of a wave of religiously based uprising	○ AKA jihads○ Greatly expanded practice of Islam ○ Gave rise to series of new states § Ruled by the Fulbe First civilizations emerged between 3500 BC and 1000 BCChina recovered during the Ming dynastyChina undertook largest/most impressive maritime expedition the world had ever seen.Renaissance took place in Italy in 1350-1500	- Reflected the belief of the wealthy elite 	○ They were living in a whole new era § Far from confined religious world of feudal EuropeChristianity= the "one true religion"

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violent peoples
made many sacrifices to their gods
built many temples to praise their gods
known for making Aztec calendar

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(hell on Earth)

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Selling forgiveness of sins for money

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pope during reformation
powerful
lived life of luxury while rest of people suffered

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reaffirming faith in God

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German monk who started reformation
made the 95 theses
agianst indulgences

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when Martin Luther started breaking away from church

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Cultural reformations
(1450-)

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Economics
(1450-1750)

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Political transformation
(1450-1750)