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Done by Mahoudo Aurore, Azzouzi Alya et Azzouzi Dinâ

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Done by Mahoudo Aurore, Azzouzi Alya et Azzouzi Dinâ

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Langston Hughes was a central figure in the Harlem renaissance, the flowering of black intellectual, literary, and artistic life that took place in the 1920s in a number of American cities, particularly Harlem. A major poet, Hughes also wrote novels, short stories, essays, and plays. He sought to honestly portray the joys and hardships of working-class black lives, avoiding both sentimental idealization and negative stereotypes. As he wrote in his essay « The Negro Artist and the racial montain »

He was educated at Columbia University and Lincoln University. While a student at Lincoln, he published his first book of poetry, The Weary Blues in 1926.

Great traveler, he will multiply expeditions around the world. But  he remains harlemois in his heart

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Harlem Renaissance movement seeks to empower black Americans.

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Harlem Renaissance movement seeks to empower black Americans.

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Black literature and culture reach such heights during this period that some people refer to Harlem as the « black culture capital of the world ».

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Black literature and culture reach such heights during this period that some people refer to Harlem as the « black culture capital of the world ».

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To understand the origin of this cultural movement within the Harlem neighborhood, it is important to  know the situation of African-American community during this period. Indeed, many of the American black people just been liberated from the slavery system by the thirteen amendment, this is why they want to integrate into society while enjoying their freedom.

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To understand the origin of this cultural movement within the Harlem neighborhood, it is important to  know the situation of African-American community during this period. Indeed, many of the American black people just been liberated from the slavery system by the thirteen amendment, this is why they want to integrate into society while enjoying their freedom.

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The Harlem Renaissance is carried by a young generation of black writers who have the same ideology: the willingness to appropriate their African heritage, the claim of their American identity and the denunciation of the deplorable conditions of black people in the United States.

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The Harlem Renaissance is carried by a young generation of black writers who have the same ideology: the willingness to appropriate their African heritage, the claim of their American identity and the denunciation of the deplorable conditions of black people in the United States.

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By the turn of the 20th century, the Great Migration was underway as hundreds of thousands of African Americans relocated to cities like Chicago, Los Angeles, Detroit, Philadelphia, and New York. The Harlem section of Manhattan, which covers just three square miles, drew nearly 175,000 African Americans, giving the neighborhood the largest concentration of black people in the world. Harlem became a destination for African Americans of all backgrounds. From unskilled laborers to an educated middle-class, they shared common experiences of slavery,  as well as a determination to create a new identity as free people.
The Great Migration drew to Harlem some of the greatest minds and brightest talents of the day, and a lot of African American artists.
The Harlem Renaissance encompassed poetry, painting, sculpture, jazz, swing, opera and dance. What united these diverse art forms was their realist presentation of what it meant to be black in America.

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With the end of the Civil War in 1865, hundreds of thousands of African Americans newly freed from the yoke of slavery in the South began to dream of a participation in American society, including political, equal economic opportunity, economic and cultural self-determination.
Unfortunately, by the late 1870s, white lawmakers of the states passed strict racial segregation laws known as “Jim Crow laws” that made African Americans second-class citizens. So most were exploited beacause of a system designed to keep them poor and powerless. Hate groups like the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) perpetrated lynchings and conducted campaigns of terror and intimidation to keep African Americans from voting or exercising other fundamental rights.

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                                                           Billie Holiday, Eleonora or Lady Day ?

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                                                           Billie Holiday, Eleonora or Lady Day ?

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Jazz vocalist Billie Holiday was born in 1915 in Philadelphia. Considered one of the best jazz vocalists of all time, Holiday had a thriving career as a jazz singer for many years before she lost her battle because of an overdose in 1959.

After a desperate childhood with immature parents, and finally abandoned by his father, Billie Holiday knew a difficult life, with a lot of problems with the police.  She was 12 when she left her city for New York to join her mother, who lived in Harlem. To escape this misery at the time of the Great Depression, she was engaged as a singer in New York clubs. Her easiness for singing was such that she moved the public to tears thanks to her vibrato just amazing.

In 1933, encouraged by the producer John H. Hammond, Billie Holiday recorded her first album I Wished on the Moon, Miss Brown to You, then, thanks to Louis Armstrong, she was admitted to the orchestra of another jazz genius, Benny Goodman. The next year, she sang at the Apollo Theater, the temple of African-American music in Harlem. Recruited in 1937 by Count Basie, she made a decisive meeting: that of the saxophonist of the orchestra, Lester Young, who will become for her at the same time the partner and the ideal mentor. He called her "Lady Day". She called him  "Prez". Together, they gave rise to several masterpieces of jazz, including I Must Have That Man and I'll Never Be the Same.

In 1938, Billie Holiday joined Artie Shaw, with who she recorded Billie's Blues and Summertime, before finally gave up big bands. More and more, she was involved in the fight against the segregation that striked her community and reached the peak of the pathetic when she  interpreted Strange Fruit (1939), which denounces the common practice of lynching. This music will be censured by most of the radios of the United States. During the Second World War, she was at the peak of her popularity.

But in 1940, her life changed in a bad way because of her addiction for the drugs and a lot of relationships.  Well, she will be banned from the shows and she will die at the Metropolitan Hospital of Harlem in 1959. However, we will remember her as the best singer of her century.

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The Harlem Renaissance is a movement of renewal of African-American culture, in the Inter-two Wars. It was born between the 1920s and 1930s in the Harlem neighborhood of New York.
Africa-American began arriving in 1905 as part of the « great migration » of six million of them from the south to the rest of United States in the 20th century.
Many African-Americans settled in Harlem because they were prohibited from buying or renting property in other parts of the city.
Even if the black community was freed from slavery, black discrimination was still present. In fact black people were constantly subjected to lynching, to lynch is causing physical violence causing death. That is why the Harlem Renaissance comes at an importante time to the black community in the United States because of its need for recognition and legitimacy.