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They needed to be escorted by policemen because of the uproar caused by the other white students and family

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After Brown VS Board, they decided to test it by sending 9 African American students to a previously all White school. They were called the Little Rock Nine, because they attended Little Rock School in Arkansas.

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the Supreme Court further backed away from desegregation efforts by striking down plans in Seattle and Louisville that used race to assign K–12 students to public schools.

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The University of Michigan decisions (2003), firm racial set-asides for college and law school admissions were eliminated.

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Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka. Segregated education was deemed unconstitutional. Therefore Rosenwald schools were abandoned, and considered obsolete.

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Though they had little, these schools still had more than black youth imagined possible at schools. Such as auditoriums, room for shop, and cooking classes. 

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Though they had little, these schools still had more than black youth imagined possible at schools. Such as auditoriums, room for shop, and cooking classes. 

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Black and White students were treated differently by their teachers and administrators this is known as second generation segregation.

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President Lyndon B. Johnson and Congress moved boldly to eradicate racial segregation.

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Supreme Court decides that schools must desegregate. In Brown v. Board of Education, the court ruled unanimously that “in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”

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These schools were in locations of extreme poverty. Therefore the schools had to function on as little as possible. Double hung windows for lighting. "Breeze windows" and raised piers underneath the building to keep the building cool. Moveable partitions in classrooms for flexibility. 

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These schools were in locations of extreme poverty. Therefore the schools had to function on as little as possible. Double hung windows for lighting. "Breeze windows" and raised piers underneath the building to keep the building cool. Moveable partitions in classrooms for flexibility. 

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State paid more than $1 million to transport whites long distances to schools. No money was spent for blacks, and for them a daily walk of more than twelve miles was not out of the question. Attending schools without enough books, seats, space, equipment, or facilities taught.

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Rosenwald founded schools throughout the South. These schools teaching 1/3 of black youth in the South.

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Mississippi spent $5.02 for the education of each white child but only $1.10 for each black child.

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After the civil war African Americans who work with the Freedmen's Bureau they were funded to establish schools

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With the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision, segregation became a legally sanctioned part of the American way of life.

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Julius Rosenwald, Founder of Sears, worked with black educator, Booker T. Washington and created the Rosenwald Schools. 

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Julius Rosenwald, Founder of Sears, worked with black educator, Booker T. Washington and created the Rosenwald Schools. 

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 In Louisiana, a 1830 law imposed a prison sentence on anyone caught teaching a slave to read or write.

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Mississippi law prohibited six or more Negroes from gathering for educational purposes.

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The first law prohibiting education of slaves was passed in South Carolina in 1740. During the next hundred years, many states passed similar and even stronger compulsory-ignorance laws. 

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The History of African Americans in Education

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The History of African Americans in Education