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Woodrow Wilson:
Georges Clemenceau:

Wilson's Plan for Peace:

Fourteen Points:
self-determination:

The Versailles Treaty:

Treaty of Versailles:
League of Nations:

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The Creation of New Nations:

"A Peace Built on Quicksand"

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The Gallipoli Campaign:
*A strategy for the Allies seemed to be attack a region in the Ottoman Empire known as the Dardanelles.

Battles in Africa and Asia:
* , Germany’s colonial possessions came under assault in Asia and Africa

America Joins the Fight:
* unrestricted submarine warfare:
In January 1917, the Germans announced that their submarines would sink without warning any ship in the waters around Britain.

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Governments Wage Total War:
* The country's were dedicated to winning
* Facilities were converted to munitions factories
total war:
countries devoted all their resources to the war effort.
rationing:
people could buy only small amounts of those items that were also needed for the war effort.
propoganda:
one-sided information designed to persuade, to keep up morale and support for the war.

Women and the War:
* built munitions, plowed clothing, and weapons
* were nurses
* saw the horrors of war

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Russia Withdraws:
* March 1917 civil unrest
* 1917 5.5 million Russians were killed, wounded, or taken prisoner
*Russia refused to fight
* In November 1917, Communist leader Vladimir Ilyich Leninseized power. Lenin insisted on ending his country’s involvement in the war

The Central Powers Collapse:
* Germany sent all its forces and reached the Marne River
* May 1918 there soldiers were tired and supplies were low

armistice:
An agreement to stop fighting

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General Notes:
* War caused so so much death
* caused the end of a generation of Europeans
* Devastating economic impact

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* Russia mobilized the Austrian border and German border
* Russia became allays with France
* Germany declared war on France

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Rise of Nationalism:
* Nationalism can serve as a unifying force within a country.
* 20th century a rivalry developed with European's Great Powers
-Germany
-Austria Hungary
- Great Britain
- Russia
- Italy
- France

Imperialism and Militarism:
* 1914 all The Great Powers except Britain had large army's.

Militarism: the policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war .

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Bismarck Forges Early Pacts:
* 1864-1871 Otto von Bismarck used war to unify Germany.
* Then turned to maintaining peace in Europe.
* 1879 Bismarck formed an Alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary
* 1882 Italy joined the Alliance
* 1881 made a treaty with Russia.

Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Italy made an Alliance

Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace:
* Wilhelm II forced Bismarck to resign
* Did not share power with any one
* The army was his greatest pride
*  Treaty with Russia lapse in 1890
* Russia formed a defensive military with France in 1892 and 1894.
*  1907 Britain made an entente with France and Russia
*  1907 two rival camps existed in Europe
Kaiser Wilhelm II: A ruler of Germany
Triple Entente:
Did not bind Britain to fight with France and Russia.

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A Restless Region:
* 1900s Ottoman Empire declined
* Nationalism was a powerful force in Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro,Romania, and Serbia
* !908 Austria took over Bosnia and Herzegovina

A Shot Rings Throughout Europe:
Archduke Franz Ferdinand king of Austro-Hungarian went to Sarajevo the capital of Bosnia, and was shot by a member of the Black Hand. Then Austria made demands and the Serbian leaders agreed with some but wanted to negotiate and Austria did not. So he declared war on Serbia and Russia was ally so they sent a mobilization toward Austrian border.