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In the film, Donnie Darko, main character Donnie encounters an unusual monster. Frank the Rabbit is a horrifying, monstrous looking, rabbit that haunts him. Once again, this power that this monster holds comes from God. God wishes for Donnie Darko to save the world from ultimate destruction. Frank the Rabbit is the messenger of God and he makes Donnie do awful things in order to "save the world". Frank represents the ugliness of society, and forces Donnie to become one with that awfulness and see what it is like to be the culprit and not always the victim. Frank's power over Donnie makes him commit crimes including multiple murders, all for the "greater good" of saving the earth.

https://rabbit.org/journal/4-11/cult.html

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The first thing I think of when I hear the word dictator, is power. In a dictatorship, one man (or woman) rules over everyone in that nation. Kim Jong Un for example, is the leader of North Korea. He is said to be so powerful that "not only does no one dare criticize him, no one dares advise him" (Vanity Fair). As Americans, we hear his name and get instantly intimidated. We see North Korea through a lens of propaganda and lies, so who knows how powerful he actually is. However, we still fear that he has the power to blow up the entire world with the press of a button. In relation to Frankenstein In Baghdad, I've chosen to analyze the power of former Iraqi Dictator Saddam Hussein. Saddam Hussein ruled over Iraq for more than 30 years as an oppressive and violent dictator. He utilized his power as dictator to start civil wars and destroy the state of Iraq. His primary goal was money and oil. His power came from his own belief that he was "destined by God to rule Iraq forever" (New York Times). Saddam is a prime example of too much power in the wrong hands.

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White Supremacy is a historical term that has been brought up in more recent times, especially with the 2016 election of President Donald Trump. I've chosen two examples of white supremacist groups, one from the past, and one from the present. The Ku Klux Klan, or the KKK, is a group known for violent acts against black people such a lynching and the burning of crosses. I chose the KKK as an artifact because their existence is a prime example of power in monstrosity. They believe that their race is superior to all others, and they express that through violence and hate speech. However, the reason a group like the KKK can still exist today, is because of the First Amendment. Hate speech is protected under the right to free speech, as long as it is not symbolic or threatening. The "Unite the Right" group consists of white, mostly male, Americans who believe that it is their right as white people to take back their claim of America and rise as the superior race. Both of these white supremacist organizations thrive off the power of freedom in America to express their opinions, regardless of how hateful they may be. However, there have been incidents where they have taken their message too far, such as the Charlottesville rallies in 2017.

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In this passage, we get whatsisname's perspective as he has just shot and killed an innocent civilian. Here we see the power in revenge. Whatsitsname has gotten so wrapped up in killing criminals and fighting fire with fire that he has lost all sense of a moral code. He develops a god complex in order to justify his killing of this man. In reality, he is committing cold blooded murder, but he sees it as a sacrifice for his greater plan. If he wasn't proven to be a monster before, this moment in the text clearly qualifies him as such. He has become too powerful with the help of his "assistants" and the terrorist mindset that the crimes he is committing are for a greater purpose.

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In this passage, the power given to the monster is fear. The astrologers bring up the possibility that everyone in Baghdad has ghosts of their own fears following them around. Fear is a natural thing, and when harnessed in the hands of a monster, can be detrimental. Terrorists feed off of this fear in civilians. Fear gives the monster an advantage because they know that whatever they do, the victim has no power and is the weaker one in every situation.

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In this passage, the power being used by monster Iago is masculinity and persuasion. He thinks that because women are less than men he can tell his wife to do whatever he wishes. He uses Emilia as a tool to get pieces of his elaborate scheme. His ability to get people to do whatever he wants makes him a very powerful monster. He orders Emilia around while blatantly insulting her, and Emilia follows his orders.

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In this passage, Iago is discussing the power of leadership, specifically in war. Iago was not chosen to be Othello's lieutenant, and there is nothing he can do about that. Some people succeed simply based off who they know and their close relationships with people. Iago points out how this is unfair because leader's have a responsibility to choose fairly. Iago then says how not everyone can be a master and not all masters can be followed. He is referring to how not everyone can hold power over others, however power is not always guaranteed with leadership. In this play, Othello is at the top in the order, but Iago holds power over everyone through mental manipulation. Othello is an example of a leader not being followed. Iago sees power as something that can be taken from someone in a position of leadership, and the power over everyone's minds makes Iago the perfect monster.

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In this passage, the creature reveals the things that he has been learning from the books that he found. Similar to the first passage, knowledge holds power, but in this case, knowledge decreases the creature's power. What he learns from the books cause him to step back and examine himself and humans. He recognizes how different he is from humans, physically and emotionally. When he notices his strangeness, his confidence is lowered and he starts to question why he acts and looks the way he does. He becomes confused with himself and how he came to be. If he had never found the books, he would have had the power to be one with the humans and possibly cause less destruction stemmed from frustration. His realization of his differences cause him to become angry and upset and act against humans. Therefore, in this case knowledge both adds power and takes away power from the monster.

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In this passage, Victor's power comes from knowledge and greed. He has finally done what no one has ever done before. He feels unstoppable after creating his creature. He has no idea what events are to come in the future, because all he can focus on is his accomplishments. He wishes for the world to recognize him as an intelligent and ground breaking scientist. Victor is at an all time high following the creation of his creature, and this power is what causes him to ignore the consequences of creating new life out of dead matter. He does not stop to consider how this creation will hurt people or cause problems, because all he can focus on is how powerful and untouchable he feels.

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This passage covers physical power as well as the power of fear. Harriet is talking to Ben after he physically hurt a girl at his school. Ben is struggling to understand his physical strength and how to control his anger. Harriet decides that the only way she will get through to her son is to threaten to send him back to the institution. Once again instead of trying to understand and listen to Ben, she mentions his worst nightmare. She ignites physical fear in Ben when she mentions going back to the institution, and Ben understands that if he messes up again, he may be sent to be killed by his own parents again. Johns statement at the end sums up power in monsters. When people are hurt or threatened, retaliation is often the first thought. This was seen when Harriet thought about letting Ben fall out the window, because of all of the hurt he had caused the family. Also, when Ben comes back from the institution, he is aggressive towards David because he wishes to hurt him like he was hurt.

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In this passage, the monsters are Harriet and David and their extended family. The power that they are using is money and privilege. They refuse to understand Ben or accept him for who he is, or who they turned him into. Their solution to every problem is throwing money at it. Perhaps if money was not an option for Harriet and David, they would have never sent Ben to the institution where he was nearly drugged to death. They would have had to live with Ben and try to work with his abnormalities and aggressive tendencies. They are talking about "doing something" but they personally don't do anything, they just sign the check for the institution to do whatever they want with their child. Ben grows even further away from his family after being sent to the institution, therefore if he was never sent, things may have gotten better. There is no way to know.

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-Kim Jong Un
https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2015/02/kim-jong-un-north-korea-understanding

-Saddam Hussein
https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/30/world/middleeast/30saddam.html

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https://www.rollingstone.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/gettyimages-514080408-ff0cffb6-e0ad-4ae7-b7fb-eb9973eb80f1.jpg?crop=900:600&width=1440

(Photo from Rolling Stone Magazine of KKK members in 1925)

https://www.rollingstone.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/gettyimages-830617844-d56570fd-6b12-479d-b0cd-e7240c39eb96.jpg

(Photo from Rolling Stone Magazine of "Unite the Right" rioters in Charlottesville, VA in August 2017)

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"'I managed to install my new eyes and could see again. Seeing the body of the innocent old man, I had an idea and I clung to it- it looked like the truth I had been seeking. The old man was a sacrificial lamb that the Lord had placed in my path. He was the Innocent Man Who Will Die Tonight. So that was that.'"

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"But today he could ignore this criminal who didn't have a name, because the disaster on the bridge had turned out to be a big one, and he would have to prepare a report on his department's monitoring of the Imam's Bridge, in case the Americans or the Iraqi government asked for one, so he called together the officers on his team. One of the junior officers mentioned an important piece of information that had been picked up two hours before the meeting: these figures hovering over the bridge were ghosts that lived in people's bodies. They slept and rested in those bodies without the people being aware of them, or they could wake up and break free for a little and wander around outside the people's bodies, but only when the people were frightened. According to the astrologers, these ghosts were called tawabie al-khouf, 'the familiars of fear.'"

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I nothing but to please his fantasy.

ENTER IAGO

IAGO How now! What do you here alone?

EMILIA Do not you chide. I have a thing for you.

IAGO A thing for me? It is a common thing—

EMILIA Ha?

IAGO To have a foolish wife.

EMILIA Oh, is that all? What will you give me now For that same handkerchief?

IAGO What handkerchief?

EMILIA What handkerchief? Why, that the Moor first gave to Desdemona,That which so often you did bid me steal.

IAGO Hast stolen it from her?

EMILIA No, but she let it drop by negligence And, to th' advantage, I being here, took ’t up.Look, here it is.

IAGO  A good wench, give it me.

EMILIA What will you do with ’t, that you have been so earnest To have me filch it?

IAGO  Why, what is that to you?

EMILIA If it be not for some purpose of import,Give ’t me again. Poor lady, she’ll run madWhen she shall lack it.

IAGO Be not acknown on ’t I have use for it. Go, leave me.

EXIT EMILIA

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Why, there’s no remedy. 'Tis the curse of service.

Preferment goes by letter and affection,

And not by old gradation, where each second

Stood heir to th' first. Now sir, be judge yourself,

40Whether I in any just term am affined

To love the Moor.

RODERIGO

I would not follow him then.

IAGO

O sir, content you.

I follow him to serve my turn upon him.

45We cannot all be masters, nor all masters

Cannot be truly followed. You shall mark

Many a duteous and knee-crooking knave

That (doting on his own obsequious bondage)

Wears out his time much like his master’s ass

50For naught but provender, and when he’s old, cashiered.

Whip me such honest knaves. Others there are

Who, trimmed in forms and visages of duty,

Keep yet their hearts attending on themselves

And, throwing but shows of service on their lords,

55Do well thrive by them. And when they have lined their coats,

Do themselves homage. These fellows have some soul,

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‘I can hardly describe to you the effect of these books.

They produced in me an infinity of new images and feelings, that sometimes raised me to ecstasy, but more frequently sunk me into the lowest dejection. In the Sorrows of Wert- er, besides the interest of its simple and affecting story, so many opinions are canvassed and so many lights thrown upon what had hitherto been to me obscure subjects that I found in it a never-ending source of speculation and as- tonishment. The gentle and domestic manners it described, combined with lofty sentiments and feelings, which had for their object something out of self, accorded well with my experience among my protectors and with the wants which were forever alive in my own bosom. But I thought Werter himself a more divine being than I had ever beheld or imagined; his character contained no pretension, but it sank deep. The disquisitions upon death and suicide were calculated to fill me with wonder. I did not pretend to enter into the merits of the case, yet I inclined towards the opin- ions of the hero, whose extinction I wept, without precisely understanding it.

‘As I read, however, I applied much personally to my own feelings and condition. I found myself similar yet at the same time strangely unlike to the beings concerning whom I read and to whose conversation I was a listener. I sympathized with and partly understood them, but I was unformed in mind; I was dependent on none and related to none. ‘The path of my departure was free,’ and there was none to lament my annihilation. My person was hideous and my stature gigantic. What did this mean? Who was I? What was I? Whence did I come? What was my destination?

These questions continually recurred, but I was unable to solve them.

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After days and nights of incredible labour and fa- tigue, I succeeded in discovering the cause of generation and life; nay, more, I became myself capable of bestowing animation upon lifeless matter.

The astonishment which I had at first experienced on this discovery soon gave place to delight and rapture. Af- ter so much time spent in painful labour, to arrive at once at the summit of my desires was the most gratifying con- summation of my toils. But this discovery was so great and overwhelming that all the steps by which I had been pro- gressively led to it were obliterated, and I beheld only the result. What had been the study and desire of the wisest men since the creation of the world was now within my grasp. Not that, like a magic scene, it all opened upon me at once: the information I had obtained was of a nature rather to direct my endeavours so soon as I should point them to- wards the object of my search than to exhibit that object already accomplished. I was like the Arabian who had been buried with the dead and found a passage to life, aided only by one glimmering and seemingly ineffectual light.

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'Now look here, Harriet,you've got to face it, he's got to go into an institution.'

'Then we have to find a doctor who says he'sabnormal,'said Harriet. 'Dr Brett certainly won't.'

'Get another doctor,' said Molly. 'These things can be arranged.' The two large haystacky people, with their red well-fed faces, were united in determination, nothing vague about them now they had decided there was a crisis, and one that - even indirectly - threatened them. They looked like a pair of judges after a good lunch, Harriet thought, and glanced at David to see if she could share this criticism with him; but he was staring down at the table, mouth tight. He agreed withthem.

Angela said, laughing, 'Typical upper-classruthlessness.'

No one could remember that note being struck, or at least not so sharply, at this table before. Silence, and then Angela softened it with 'Not that I don't agree.'

'Of course you agree,' said Molly. 'Anyone sensible would have to.'

'It's the way you said it,' said Angela.

'What does it matter how it is said?' enquiredFrederick.

'And who is going to pay for it?' asked David. 'I can't. All I can do is to keep the bills paid, and that is with James's help.'

'Well, James is going to have to bear the brunt of this 87

One,' said Frederick, 'but we'll chip in.' It was the first time this couple had offered any financial help. 'Mean, like all their sort,' the rest of the family had agreed; and now this judgement was being remembered. They Would come for a stay of ten days and contribute a pair Of pheasants, a couple of bottles of very good wine. Their 'chipping in', everyone knew, wouldn't amount to much.

Full of division, the family sat silent.

Then James said, 'I'll do what I can. But things are clot as good as they were. Yachts are not everyone's Priority in hard times.'

Silence again, and everyone was looking at Harriet.

'You are funny people,' she said, setting herself apart
r f om them. 'You've been here so often and you know -I mean, you really know what the problem is. What are We going to say to the people who run this institution?'

'It depends on the institution,' said Molly, and her Urge person seemed full of energy, conviction: as if she had swallowed Ben whole and was digesting him, thought Harriet. She said, mildly enough, though she trembled, 'You mean, we have to find one of those Places that exist in order to take on children families simply want to get rid of?'

'Rich families,' said Angela, with a defiant little sniff.

Molly, confronting impertinence, said firmly, 'Yes. Ifthere is no other kind of place. But one thing isobvious: if something isn't done, then it's going to be catastrophic.'

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Harriet sat down close to him, so that he could not ignore her, and said, 'Ben, do you remember that place you went to in the van?'

He went rigid. He slowly turned his head and looked at her. The bread in his hand was trembling: he was trembling. He remembered, all right! She had never done this before - had hoped she would never have to.

'Well, do you remember, Ben?'

His eyes had a wild look; he could have jumped down from the table and run off. He wanted to, but was glaring around into the corners of the room, at the windows, up the staircase, as if he might be attackedfrom these places.

'Now listen to me, Ben. If you ever, ever, everhurt

anyone again, you'll have to go back there.'
She kept her eyes on his, and hoped that he could

not know she was saying inwardly, But I'd never send him back, never.

He sat shivering, like a wet, cold dog, in spasms, and he went through a series of movements, unconsciously, the vestiges of reactions from that time. A hand went up to shield his face, and he looked through the spreadi f ngers as if this hand could protect him; then the hand fell, and he turned his head away sharply, pressing the back of the other hand to his mouth, glaring in terror over it; he briefly bared his teeth to snarl - but then

¹²²

checked himself; he lifted his chin, and his mouth opened, and Harriet saw that he could have emitted a long, animal howl. It was as if she actually heard this howl, its lonely terror ...

'Did you hear me, Ben?' Harriet said softly.

He slid down off the table, and thumped his way up the stairs. He left behind him a thin trail of urine. She heard his door shut, then the bellow of rage and fear he had been holding back.

She rang John at Betty's Caff. He came at once, by himself, as she had asked.

He heard the story, and went up to Ben in his room. Harriet stood outside the door, listening.

'You don't know your own strength, Hobbit, that's the trouble. It's wrong to hurt people.'

'Are you angry with Ben? Are you going to hurt Ben?'

'Who's angry?' said John. 'But if you hurt people, then they hurt you.'

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What gives monsters power, and how is power a negative thing when given to monstrous beings?