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Archaeologists have found the oldest known human ancestors in Ethiopia. Originally called Abyssinia, Ethiopia is sub-Saharan Africa's oldest state, and its Solomonic dynasty claims descent from King Menelik I, which is  believed to have been the son of the queen of Sheba and King Solomon. Christianity was brought to the region in A.D. 341, and a variant of it became Ethiopia's state religion. Ancient Ethiopia reached its peak in the 5th century, then was isolated by the rise of Islam and weakened by feudal wars. Modern Ethiopia rose under Emperor Menelik II, who established its independence by routing an Italian invasion in 1896. He expanded Ethiopia by conquest. Fascist Italy invaded Ethiopia on Oct. 3, 1935, forcing Haile Selassie into exile in May 1936. Ethiopia was annexed to Eritrea, then an Italian colony, and to Italian Somaliland, forming Italian East Africa. In 1941, British troops routed the Italians, and Haile Selassie returned to Addis Ababa. In 1952, Eritrea was incorporated into Ethiopia. Because of Menelik II, Ethiopia was the only African nation, aside from Liberia, to preserve its independence during this age of European imperialism. Ethiopia's current borders are a tribute to Emperor Menelik's vision and his legacy of reform and modernization.

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The government’s plan to transform the country from an agriculture-based economy into a manufacturing hub hinges on improved transport and energy infrastructure and greater agricultural-sector productivity. The poor quality and efficiency of government services are made worse by weak rule of law and pervasive corruption. The currency of Ethiopia is the Ethiopian Birr. Ethiopia's economy is not good, but with time their economy could grow.

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Ethiopia lies on the Horn of Africa. Its topography ranges from deserts along its eastern border, the Choke and Mandebo mountains ranges in its central core, and tropical forests in the southern reaches. Lake Tana in the north is the source of the Blue Nile. There is also the Ethiopian Highlands and south of that is the Great Rift Valley.  There are three climate zones: Tropical, Subtropical, and Cool.

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Ethiopia's current president is a female. This is their first female president. Before she was appointed she was the UN's top official at the AU. She is fluent in English, French, and Amharic. Ethiopia's government system is a Federal Republic. A very uncertain political and economic outlook and a business environment with many troublesome weaknesses. A new constitution was adopted in 1995 which provides for a federal government of nine ethnic-based regions governed by a bicameral parliament. Guarantees that all Ethiopian languages will be equally recognized by the state, but Amharic is considered to be the working language of the federal government. With a new president who is supports women's rights, there is lots of positivity from the people of Ethiopia so she seems to have already made a huge impact on Ethiopia already.

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There are 91.2 million people living in Ethiopia and 5.7% are unemployed. Population distribution field listing
highest density is found in the highlands of the north and middle areas of the country, particularly around the centrally located capital city of Addis Ababa; the far east and southeast are sparsely populated. The Oromo is the largest ethnic group is Ethiopia Infant, child, and maternal mortality have fallen sharply over the past decade, but the total fertility rate has declined more slowly and the population continues to grow. The rising age of marriage and the increasing proportion of women remaining single have contributed to fertility reduction. While the use of modern contraceptive methods among married women has increased significantly from 6 percent in 2000 to 27 percent in 2012, the overall rate is still quite low. Since 2007, Ethiopia has achieved strong economic growth, making it one of the highest performing economies in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet it remains one of the world’s least developed countries, people and their children are not getting the food they need.