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Grade
10/10

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Newton's First Law basically says that an object tends to keep on doing what it's doing, whether its at rest or in motion, unless an unbalanced force acts upon it.
For example, in the Hoop and Marker activity, the marker remained at rest on top of the hoop until an unbalanced force(me removing the hoop) and gravity caused the marker to fall down either onto the table or into the jar. This relates to Newton's first law  because an object at rest stays at rest until acted on by an unbalanced force, which is basically what happened to  the marker.

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Motion happens anytime that something moves. For example, in the Hoop and Marker activity the marker showed motion when it fell down and the hoop showed motion when it was removed. The picture below shows the marker after it had landed inside the jar.

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An object is at rest whenever it isn't showing any motion, so it can't be moving. In the activity shown below, the marker, jar, and hoop were all at rest until the hoop was removed, which caused the marker to fall. The only object that remained at rest was the jar, since it didn't move. The picture below shows how everything looked when it was at rest.

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A force occurs whenever something is pushed or pulled. In the Table Cloth Magic activity, the red table cloth was pulled out from under the supplies. As the video below shows, this was because of a outside force.

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A force is unbalanced when the net force on the object is not 0 newtons. Sometimes you can tell when there is an unbalanced force being applied, such as when there is a change in motion. Other times, forces such as gravity can't be seen as easily(not directly). This was seen in the Hoop and Marker activity when the hoop was removed and the marker suddenly fell down. As mentioned above, although gravity could not be seen directly with the eyes, you could tell it was there by the way the marker suddenly fell own into the jar(motion). Another example is from the Tug of War activity, when the side pulling with more force would win since they where pulling more.

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When forces are balanced, the net force on the object is 0 and there is no motion. This was seen in the Hoop and Marker activity when everything was at rest. Even in the photo above, both sides have the same force so, excluding any other possible forces such as wind, they are balanced.

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Inertia occurs whenever an object tries to resist changes in what it's doing. So if an object is moving in one direction, then its resistance to any change(such as a new direction or change in speed) with its motion is its inertia. This can be seen in the Table Cloth Magic activity. The reason that this activity works is because the objects resist the change going on when the red cloth is yanked underneath them, and they remain where they are because they resist any changes to their state of rest. This also relates back to Newton's First Law because it says that objects keep doing what they're doing. Inertia shows that objects resist any changes to that current state of motion. Newton's First Law is sometimes called the Law of Inertia because of how much they go hand in hand.

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Mass is a measure of how much an object resists changes in its state of motion. Weight is not the same as mass, as seen in the picture below. Your mass on Earth is the same mass you have on the moon, however your weight changes(due to gravity). An example of mass can be seen in the Table Cloth Magic activity, when the the red table cloth was pulled out the supplies tried to resist the sudden motion and change in direction. However, an object that has a smaller mass has less of an resistance to change. The mass was relatively low for the supplies so they did sometimes tend to slide forward. The plate had more mass than the beaker so it tended to stay in the same place while the beaker tended to fall down.