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What are the advantages of powders as a pharmaceutical dosage form?

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What are the advantages of powders as a pharmaceutical dosage form?

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List FOUR (4) types of bulk powders for external use 

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List FOUR (4) types of bulk powders for external use 

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Name suppository meant for insertion into the vagina.

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Name suppository meant for insertion into the vagina.

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What is the purpose of a cleansing enema?

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What is the purpose of a cleansing enema?

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What type of enema that acts to soften the feces and to lubricate the rectum and anal canal, thus facilitating passage of the feces?

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What type of enema that acts to soften the feces and to lubricate the rectum and anal canal, thus facilitating passage of the feces?

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What are the precautions that must be followed when using enemas?

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What are the precautions that must be followed when using enemas?

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Eye drops must be protected from contamination during use and must be used within _______ after first opening.

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Eye drops must be protected from contamination during use and must be used within _______ after first opening.

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Eye ointment is usually packed in _________

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Eye ointment is usually packed in _________

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Name TWO (2) eye preparation  that do not include antimicrobial preservatives.

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Name TWO (2) eye preparation  that do not include antimicrobial preservatives.

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What is the function of buffering agents that is added to ophthalmic products

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What is the function of buffering agents that is added to ophthalmic products

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The main disadvantage of eye ointment is _________________

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The main disadvantage of eye ointment is _________________

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You have been asked to prepare TWENTY (20) theobroma suppositories each weighing 2g and containing 150 mg of active. The displacement value of the active is 1.7. Mould calibration is 2.13 g. Ensure excess of TWO (2) is included.          (i)	Calculate the quantities of active and base required. (ii)	What is the final weight of ONE (1) suppository.

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You have been asked to prepare TWENTY (20) theobroma suppositories each weighing 2g and containing 150 mg of active. The displacement value of the active is 1.7. Mould calibration is 2.13 g. Ensure excess of TWO (2) is included.          (i)	Calculate the quantities of active and base required. (ii)	What is the final weight of ONE (1) suppository.

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State FOUR (4) advantages of granules as a dosage form.

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State FOUR (4) advantages of granules as a dosage form.

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Calculate the amount of lactose and bromhexine for SIX (6) packets of powders containing 15 mg of bromhexine each. Include excess of TWO (2).

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Calculate the amount of lactose and bromhexine for SIX (6) packets of powders containing 15 mg of bromhexine each. Include excess of TWO (2).

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State THREE (3) additional label for eye drop product.

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State THREE (3) additional label for eye drop product.

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1) What type of drug
2) What dosage form
3) Explain the method

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2041173063
- powders are more stable than liquids, powders have faster absorption and dissolution rate, they are more easy to dispense and easy carry, they are more economical, easy for pediatric administrations.

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2041173063
- Enema used for cleansing purpose are used to evacute feces in constipation or an operation. For example, bisacodyl.

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2041173105
i) large quantity of bulk drug which are otherwise difficult to administer can be easily administered.
ii) powders arw more stable than liquid.
iii) powders have faster absorption and dissolution rate
iv) they are more economical
v) easy for pediatric administration

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The purpose of cleansing enema are used to evacuate feces in constipation or before an operation.
Other than that, the purpose are used to cleansing, carminative, retention and return flows.

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2041173052 Faster absorption and dissolution ,

Easy for paediatric administration ,

More stable than liquids,

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204113030
1) powder are more stable than liquid.
2) have faster absorption and dissolition rate
3) large quantity of bulk drug which are otherwise difficult to administer can be easily administered
4) easy for padiatrical administration
5) more economical

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2041173030
dusting powder, snuffs, insufflation, dentifrices

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improve compressbility, granules have higher porosity than powder, avoid powder segregation and to enhance the flow of powder

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2041173030
bromhexine 15mg (15mg x 8 = 120mg)
lactose 120mg (120mg x 8 =960mg)
total (960mg - 120mg = 840mg)

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2041173030
cleansing purpose used to evacute faeces in constipation or before an operation

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204113030
retention enema

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2041173081
1-powders more stable than liquids
2-easy for paediatric administrations
3-more easy to dispense and easy to carry
4-have faster absorption and dissolution rate
5-more economical
6-large quantity of bulk drugs which are otherwise difficult to administer can be easily administered.

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2041173041
1)Medical- used mainly for superficial skin disease and must free from pathogen for example zinc underconate dusting powder bpc.
2)Surgical- used in body cavities and major wounds burn and infant umbilical cord for example gentamicin powder.

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3094 1) easy to dispenese and carry 2) More stable than liquid 3) faster absorption and dissolution rate

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3094 Enema used for cleansing purpose are used to evacute faeces in constipation or before an operation.Ex.bisacodyl

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3094 Pessaries

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3094  4 weeks

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3094 1.Small collapsible tin tube 2.Aluminum tubes 3.Plastic tubes made from flexible LPDE resins

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3094 1.Benzalkonium chloride 0.004-0.01% 2.Phenylmercuric nitrate 0.004%

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3094 1.To enhance the aqueous solubility of the drug. 2.To enhance drug bioavaiability. 3 .To maximise preservative efficacy. 4.For safety and activity of the produc

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3094 1.short contact time 2.poor bioavaiability 3.Necessary to add preservative 4 .May cause blurriness temporarily

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3094 1.short contact time 2.poor bioavaiability 3.Necessary to add preservative 4 .May cause blurriness temporarily

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3094 1.Any unused solution should be discarded 4 weeks after the container has been first opened. 2.Contamination should be avoided during use. 3.Not to be taken internally.

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3094 1)Theobrama 150mg(150mg x 22=3300mg@ 3.3g. Glycerol base is ( 22 x 3.3 x 2.13) - ((22x 0.15)÷1.7). =154.6 - 1.9. =152.7g. 2) 150mg

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What are problems when using a synthetic fats as a base for suppository preparation?

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What are problems when using a synthetic fats as a base for suppository preparation?