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The Culture Icon of Switzerland

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Swiss Neutrality is one of the main policy in Swizterland. The neutrality had promote peace and cheerful spirit in the country, it also influences the people to be self-imposed.

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In Swizterland, elections becomes the tradition of the way of the direct democracy. In the other way, the people can request to develop  and suggest to the laws and the people can vote to the final result, but not in the constitutions, the people will be forced to vote when the constitution is being changed.

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The international typographic style, as known as Swiss style, is a graphic design style, to represent the information objectively, instead of only using letters. The style appears in Russia during 1920s, and developed in 1950s, which had an impact to other design products such as architecture and art.

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If you have read to this part of the Padlet, Swipe Down to the Bottom of the page to See how beautiful the country of Switzerland is ⬇️

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If you have read to this part of the Padlet, Swipe Down to the Bottom of the page to See how beautiful the country of Switzerland is ⬇️

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Switzerland has existed as a state in its present form since the adoption of the Swiss Federal Constitution in 1848. The precursors of Switzerland established a protective alliance at the end of the 13th century (1291), forming a loose confederation of states which persisted for centuries.
Prehistoric Switzerland

The Swiss territory in the present is the active area of Celtic in prehistoric times. The Celtics were the natives of central Europe. Their territory has once spread to France, Belgium, the northern part of Italy, Spain and the area of  Rhine Valley of the modern world.
Switzerland under the Roman Empire
In 58 BC, the Helvetii (A Celtic Tribe)  migrate to Gaul, a region in western Europe, to stay away from the Germanic tribe's migratory pressure. But Julius Caesar's armies pursued and defeated them at the Battle of Bibracte, in today's eastern France, forcing the Celtic to become the ally of the Roman Empire, and the Celts who were supported by the Roman Empire defeated the Germans who invaded the South. But then the alpine region became integrated into the Roman Empire and was extensively romanized in the course of the following centuries. The golden age of Roman Switzerland from 100 to 250 AD ended in the invasion of the Empire by the Germans in 259 AD.
Germanic invasion
Switzerland under the Germans rule can be divided into two parts, the East and the West, are ruled by the Burgundian tribal alliance. After the occupation of Switzerland, they accept their local Roman-Celtic language and cultural traditions; the Central and Eastern Unions are ruled by the Allemanni tribal alliance. Where the Germanic language wins, and this division of the country is also the rudiment of the French-speaking and German-speaking regions of Switzerland.
Roman Empire comeback
In 1033 AD, Switzerland was once again under the rule of the Roman Empire. The power struggle between the Roman Emperor and the Roman Pope led to the decline of the royal power, the local vassal forces rise, and the various vassals built a large number of cities in order to expand their power. This historical period has formed a unique urban autonomy system in Switzerland, laying the foundation for the establishment of the Swiss Confederation in the future.
Swiss Confederation
On 1 August 1291, the cantons of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden united to defend the peace upon the death of Emperor Rudolf I of Habsburg, forming the nucleus of the Old Swiss Confederacy. The Old Swiss Confederacy was an alliance among the valley communities of the central Alps. The Confederacy, governed by nobles and patricians of various cantons, facilitated management of common interests and ensured peace on the important mountain trade routes.
French Revolution and Napoleon
During the French Revolution, the French army invaded Switzerland and established the Republic of Helvetia. It has a form of central government but has only little impact in states.
Sonderbund War of 1847
The radical liberal party, composed of the urban bourgeoisie and the free people, dominated the federal parliament in the 1940s, and they proposed a new constitution to bring the relations of the Swiss federal states closer. In 1843, conservatives composed of urban aristocrats and Catholics opposed the Constitution. In addition to the centralization of the Swiss government, the new constitution also includes trade protection and gradual reform measures.
In 1847, the Catholic states established independent alliances. Radical liberals use the power to control the central government and order the dissolution of the independent coalition. After being rejected, a small-scale civil war broke out. The independent league was easily defeated within a month. In addition to some subsequent riots, this is the last armed conflict in Switzerland.
Modern Switzerland
Establishment of a federal state
After the civil war, in 1848, Switzerland adopted a new constitution.

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Swiss people are always on time.
A survey, done on behalf of the insurance company KPT, asked 7,958 people across the nation for their views on timeliness.Overall, 15% consider being even slightly late unacceptable. 33% think 5 minutes is within the limits of decency, while 51% will stretch to 10 minutes or more before getting upset.
Being on time is a way for Swiss people's to show their respect to other. Just as a Swiss person once said “I value your time and, by extension, I value you.”

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Switzerland was officially selected as the happiest country on earth according to the 2015 World Happiness Report. The 2015 World Happiness Report examined factors including economics, psychology, health and public policy in 158 countries.
Switzerland is a rich and peaceful country. And it is very democratic. People have the freedom to have their own religion, belief or political idea.

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Cheese is a representative icon of Switzerland. It almost the essential ingredients in every Swiss dishes. Switzerland is the home of more than 450 varieties of cheese. and the cheese in Switzerland is mostly made of cow's milk and sheep milk.

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Switzerland is located in the heart of the European continent. It is bordered by France, Germany, Austria, Italy, and Liechtenstein. It is naturally internationalized.
According to the Swiss Statistical Office, 64% of Swiss residents use more than one language per week, and even 26% of residents use more than three languages. Mixed in multilingual areas, other places may be conflicts, but in Switzerland it is a multi-learning that has been around since childhood.
The world's most international universities, the top two are in Switzerland.

"International students come here to study and land here after graduation, which is helpful to Switzerland's social economy," Pierre Vandergheynst said: "Of course they may return to their own country, but because of their familiarity with Switzerland, it still have the opportunity to work with Swiss manufacturers, in the long term, is beneficial to the Swiss industry."

There aren't lots of people in small countries like Switzerland. However, Swiss people believed that

"Always think that only by attracting the best people, we can be the best."

As a result, Switzerland opens itself to the world, and eventually leads itself to be international and a better country as well.

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William Tell (unknown- 1354) is a folk hero of Switzerland. The symbol of Swiss Independent and the spirit of pursuing freedom.
According to the legend, William Tell is a farmer from Uri in the 14 century who fought against the proud tyrant called Gessler.
His existence shows Swiss people's ideology of democracy and William Tell symbolizes the Swiss spirit of fighting against power and building a country for freedom and independence.
https://americanliterature.com/author/james-baldwin/short-story/the-story-of-william-tell

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"Ask any Swiss person about Mani Matter and they will start singing one of his many songs."
Mani Matter real name is Hans Peter Matter. He was born in in Herzogenbuchsee, Switzerland on 1936 and grew up in Berne. After school he studied law and practiced for a few years until he became a popular dialect artist in Switzerland. From the late 1960s he began giving concerts together with the Berner Troubadours and started his solo career in 1971. Unfortunately, he died in 1972 in a car accident on his way to a concert.
Mani Matter lived a short life, but his music still plays in the hearts of the Swiss for a long time.
Mani Matter is famous for his humorous and softly ironical songs. And even though the contexts behind them were sometimes complex, the songs are easily understandable for a child of ten and for the grandparents.
His style continues to influence contemporary Swiss musicians, including the rock band Züri West.
Song Lyrics
I han es Zündhölzli azündt
I lit a match
Und das het e Flamme gäh
And it made a flame
Und i ha für d'Zigarette
And for my cigarette
Welle Füür vom Hölzli näh
I wanted to take fire from the match
Aber ds Hölzli isch dervo-
But the match dropped
gspickt und uf de Teppich cho
And landed on the carpet
Und des hätt no fasch es Loch im Teppich gäh dervo
And it almost made a hole in the carpet

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Mani Matter – I han es Zündhölzli azündt

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Découpage (Scherenschnitte) is a kind of paper art that uses scissors to cut papers into different patterns and shapes. The technics are first discovered since more as 200 years in China and later arrived in Switzerland in the 17th century. Mountains, trees, and cows often featured in this traditional folk art. And the Scherenschnitt is most famous in the  Pays-d'Enhaut.

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Henry Dunant (born Jean-Henri Dunant; 8 May 1828 – 30 October 1910), also known as Henri Dunant, was a Swiss businessman and social activist, the founder of the Red Cross, and the first recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.
Dunant was born on May 8, 1828 in Geneva. His father, Jean-Jacques Dunant, and his mother, Antoinette Dunant are both businessmen, he is the eldest son in his family. He was born in a Christian family, which later has a major impact on him.His parents strongly emphasize the value of being a humanity. His father actively helps orphans and released criminals, while his mother helps the patient and poor.
Dunant also believed in Christianity when he was a child. He joined the social charity in Geneva when he was 18 years old. The following year, along with friends, the "Thursday Association" was founded. A young man said that they often meet to study the Bible and help the poor. He spent a lot of free time in prison visits and social work. On November 30, 1852, he founded the "Geneva YMCA". Three years later, he attended a conference in Paris to discuss the establishment of an international organization.
In 1849, at the age of 21, Dunant was forced to leave the college because of bad grades. He went to a pawnshop as an apprentice. After successfully ending his apprenticeship, he entered a bank and became an employee.
In 1853, Dunant went to Algeria, Tunisia and Sicily, and he tried to "acquire" the company that was transferred and closed down.
Despite his lack of experience, he successfully completed the task. Inspired by travel, he wrote the first book, describing the experience in Tunisia, published in 1858.
In 1903, Dunant received an honorary doctorate from the University of Heidelberg School of Medicine. He has been living in the nursing home in Hayden until his death.

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Swiss wrestling is also called "Schwingen", and natively, it is called "Hoselupf".
The wrestling isn't in a formal way, it's also a folk activity that became popular since 1855. German-speaking people in Switzerland has the most participation in the wrestling.
[The way to win the game is to throw the opponent first and then trip the opponent's shoulder to the ground.]

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The other kind of men's clothing is the traditional smocks. Swiss-Italian and Swiss-French wear the traditional smocks the most. It is designed for old boys in 1930s to 1960s.

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Switzerland has always been a neutral country, which haven't being involved into any war. This shows that the Swiss love harmonious with each other.

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The English transition of "Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno" is "One for all, all fro one". This maxim is often seen as the Traditional Motto of Switzerland.
This maxim has been widely used in the 19th century. In 1847, 20 years after the establishment of the Swiss Confederation, the first civil war broke out between states, and newspaper advertisements used this maxim to raise funds for the country throughout each region. The autumn storm in Europe from September to October in 1868 caused a serious flooding in the Alps, and the Swiss official used this motto to launch aid activities. This maxim is also seen as related to the founding of Switzerland.
The Federal Palace of the Swiss Federal Parliament, which was built in 1902, is written in the center of the dome as "Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno".
The phrase in the four official languages in Switzerland are as follows:
German:
Einer für alle, alle für einen
French:
un pour tous, tous pour un
Italian:
Uno per tutti, tutti per uno
Romansh:
In per tuts, tuts per in

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It is an architectural style originally inspired by rural chalets in Switzerland and the Alpine regions of Central Europe.The chalet is a typical building or house in the European Alps. Made of wood, it has a heavy, gently sloping roof and wide, well-supported eaves at right angles to the front of the house.

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Heidi is a child fiction that is created in 1881 by Swiss author Johanna Spyri. It has published as books, and the subtitle of the book is “for children and those who love children”.  Heidi is one of the best selling book in Swiss, and is among the best-known literature works.

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This traditional Alpine dish is a favorite among Swiss families.

Älplermagronen is a Swiss pasta dish made by layering pasta and potatoes with cheese, topping with caramelized onions, and serving with apple sauce.

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Rösti or röschti is a potato-made food in Switzerland. It was originally a breakfast for farmers in the Bernese region, but it has now spread to all parts of the world. For many Swiss people, Rösti are national food of Switzerland. Typically, Swiss potato cakes have a diameter of about 3-12 cm and a thickness of about 1-2 cm.

Rösti are often served with other dishes such as: Spinat und Spiegelei, Swarovski or Fleischkäse

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It is a family food, very common in France, Switzerland, Germany and other European regions. Everyone in these countries will eat this dish during the Winter.

The roundraclette cheese would be heated, and scraped with ham, egg, and potatoes onto diners' plates.

People mostly drink a wine called “pink wine” while eating the dish.

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Switzerland is located in the heart of Europe, but Switzerland has always been neutral, and has maintained prosperity, richness and continuous development. Especially during World War I and World War II, all the countries around Switzerland were beaten in the war. Only Switzerland is firmly neutral and peaceful.
Of course everyone wants peace, no one wants to have a war, but how can we really remain neutral? During World War I and World War II, Belgium said that it wanted to remain neutral, but it was quickly occupied by Germany.
And a country like Switzerland that is brave and skillful in warfare and also extremely complex in terrain, its declared neutrality is actually called "armed neutrality."
"Armed neutrality" can be simply seen as: I want to be neutral, I want peace, you better give me, otherwise you will try it and see if you can occupy me. And because of the Switzerland's strong army system and complex geographic location, Swiss remain their neutrality for over 500 years.

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According to

SWI swissinfo.ch, a branch of the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation: Many young Swiss learn how to fire a gun before they can ride a bicycle. The government spends millions each year subsidising shooting clubs, which in turn provide a steady supply of weapon-savvy army recruits.
In Switzerland, teenager in of 15-17 years- old can attend shooting lessons.
The Swiss stance is one of "armed neutrality."
One of the reason why they can maintain their neutrality, is because they have the power and ability to protect theirselves. And so, the shooting has almost become the national sport of Switzerland and many Swiss see gun ownership as part of a patriotic duty to protect their homeland.

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NRATV | In Switzerland, Target Shooting is a National Sport

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Chuck Holton heads to Switzerland to learn more about the Swiss gun culture and their love of competitive target shooting.

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In this “Kaleidoscope Museum Project”, we aim to preserve the culture of Switzerland by recording some of their unique culture and tradition in a digital format (Padlet). Switzerland is a beautiful country with many unique and special culture. However, the effects of globalization on creating a shared world culture are overpowering respective national cultures. And a country like Switzerland that is surrounded by many other countries is having its culture being homogenized due to the globalization too. So, we wanted to use this project as an opportunity to preserve and show you the culture of this graceful country, Switzerland.

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Folk dance in Switzerland evokes a sense of homes, so it's particularly held for fairs and weddings.
It has many styles of dances:  Scottish, polka, waltz, mazurka, foxtrot and Marsch-Fox.

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Swiss Folk Dancing - Helvetia Community Fair

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There are two kinds of men's traditional clothing, the first one is tight. Tight is designed for babies and young boys, which boys will wear it in darker color such as black, blue, or green.

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Switzerland have more than 700 varieties of different traditional costumes and every region in the country got their own kind of apparel. However, the costumes are all made in the same style.

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Swiss women traditional costume called “Dirndl”, it is a woman's dress in the style of Alpine peasant costume. The full costume includes a long colorful dress with puffed sleeves and tight ribbon crest tops, white aprons, lace bonnets or other kinds of unique headwear, long stocking and embroidered bags.
Apron

In the early period, Switzerland is an agrarian society whose economy is based on livestock husbandry and the production of crops and farmland. The apron of the costume is used for protecting the dress from being dirty while farming and raising the animals. And the use of apron is also a tip for a woman to maintain the tidy look of the dress because a woman can only have one dirndl dress, but with several apron, she always wears the same clothes for a longtime and still keep their cleanliness.
Headwear and Shoes

The headwear that is used to match the costume can be very different and unique and don’t have a typical style. And women often wear red and white tights and a black slip-on shoe with large metal buckles on top.
Color and Embroidery

The color of the costume is very important to Swiss women. The color can represent the region, marital status etc. The typical features of the costume are the flower embroidery. The most popular motif is the Mountains and cows with cow bells. And each region has its own typical themes and heroes, such as fruits, animals, shepherds, flowers, national costumes, etc.

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The origin of Swiss chocolate is the brand called "Lindt". The brand is invented by Rodolphe Lindt who just want to make chocolate randomly and have a successful experiment. He leads the chocolate brand toward the world and eventually broadcast the developed technology of making chocolate, which he invented the machine that produce better chocolate and added the processes of producing better quality chocolate.

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The cheese hot pot (French: Fondue au fromage) is a Swiss and French Savoyard dish (French: Fondue, meaning melting).

It was promoted as a Swiss national dish by the Swiss Cheese Union. It is a kind of melting hot pot with melted cheese served in a communal pot over a portable stove heated with a candle or spirit lamp, and eaten by dipping bread into the cheese using a long-stemmed forks.

Special Custom while eating Cheese Fondue

The Custom of the Swiss is:

If the bread drop into the cheese when a woman is dipping the bread, no matter how close, she has to kiss the lips of the man next to her, and he has to send back a bottle of wine.

People with same gender can choose to kiss or send a bottle of wine to their neighbors.

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There are four languages in Switzerland, which is German,  French, Italian, and Romansh. But with the visitor, they can also speak English wisely.
The multiple language use shows the people can speak multiple languages, and according to wikipedia, within the languages,  62.8% of people speaks in German, 22.9% of the people speaks in French,  8.2% of people speaks in Italian, and 0.5% of people speaks in Romansh.
Romansh came from the eastern part of Switzerland, where is called canton of Graubünden, the place that is free to create their own official language. Romansh was certificated by the Swiss Federal Constitution and starts to be one of the official language in Switzerland since 1938, and was declared that the citizens who speaks Romansh can communicate with the federal government and requires the responses written in Romansh in 1996. The origin of Romansh is later than the other national languages, and there are less people speaking in Romansh from the beginning of this language until the present.

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Yodeling is It is a kind of unique folk song singing skill . It is originated in the Swiss Alps and was used for early Swiss and Austrian herders to call out cattle, flocks and long-distance communication.

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Alphorn is a traditional instrument of the Alps region. It is a 3- 4 meters longhorn made by woods. Alphorn is a beautiful combination of the brass instruments and woodwind instruments. The alphorn is still a long, conical tube, bent at the end like a cow's horn. It was first used as a tool by shepherds on the Alps to call cows from pastures into the barn. And the people back then would also use it to communicate with the people down in the valley below from the mountain. However, as the development of the livestock industry and dairy farming was getting more and more progressive and common in the lowland villages, the use of the alphorn was getting less and less. And so, an official called Niklaus von Mülinen began to actively keep the instrument from distinction. In his active promotion and preservation, the Alphorn was transformed into a musical instrument and became a representative instrument in the Swiss culture.

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Alphornvereinigung Berner Oberland - Oberländer Choral 2010

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Sechselauten is the festival that symbolizes the starting of the spring. There is performances and exhibitions on the streets and the people will burn the snowman statue which means to welfare the winter.

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Basel Carnival is one of the biggest carnival in Switzerland.