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1. Crossword Puzzle (1913)
2. The Roller Coaster (1898)
3. Kinetoscope (1892)

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1. Electric Train (1890)
2. Airplane (1903)
3. Helicopter (1907)

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1.  Engine-powered vacuum cleaner (1901)
2.  Washing Machine (1907)
3. Refrigerator (1913)

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1. Medical Gloves (1894)
2. Electrocardiograph (1903)
3. Antibiotics (1907)

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William Stewart Halsted was the first chief surgeon at Johns Hopkins Hospital. He was the one to develop and introduce rubber surgical gloves in the United States.

Direct Effect: Prior to the invention of rubber surgical gloves, all surgeries were performed with bare hands and no barrier against cross-contamination. With the gloves, allergic reactions to certain chemicals could be prevented as well as contamination between either of the parties during surgery. In fact, the creation of the gloves was driven by Caroline Hampton, fiance of Halsted who had an allergic reaction to the chemical mercuric chloride that was used for disinfecting. The gloves made for a sterilized surgical environment. It can be said that medicine was now better.

Indirect Effect: An indirect effect of medical gloves was the higher survival rate after surgeries. The better sterilized environment prevented complications after surgery that would cause the death of the patient due infections rather than the surgery itself. The staff was also in better standing and better protected due to the invention of the gloves. The staff members could now avoid getting reactions to chemicals and this meant better attendance and taking less time off. A better equipped medical staff meant that hospital efficiency increased. This is one of the primary reasons that once the gloves were invented they were implemented within the John Hopkins Hospital and later to other hospitals throughout the nation.

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British civil engineer H. Cecil Booth patents a vacuum cleaner powered by an engine and mounted on a horse-drawn cart. Teams of operators would reel the hoses into buildings to be cleaned.

Direct Effect: Before the first engine-powered vacuum was made people would take hours trying to sweep their floors throughout their house. They also used to drag out their giant rugs filled with dust outside and hang them up on their fence or a railing, so they would be able to beat them with brooms to remove all the dust that it was filled with.

Indirect Effect: People would be able to save time trying to vacuum the house and clean your rugs. It also saved time from having to take out the rug outside and smack it with a broom then bring it back inside the house to where it belonged. And it could also save you money from buying new rugs because your rugs would be in better quality from not having to hit them constantly.

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The first electric washing machine sold commercially in the United States was the Thor washing machine, produced by Hurley Electric Laundry Equipment Company in 1907. The Thor washing machine was designed by Hurley engineer Alva J. Fisher. The Thor electric washing machine was mass marketed throughout America in 1908.

Direct Effect: Before people had an electric washing machine they would have to sit next to a bucket filled with water and soap, and hand wash each clothing item. And they would have to change the water out constantly so they wouldn't be washing clothes with dirty water. Which would make having to wash clothes a longer task to do.

Indirect Effect: A lot of people lost their jobs, because many upper class people didn't need as many maids to wash their clothes. It also didn't take as long to wash all of the clothing, so they were able to get a lot more of their chores done in a shorter period.

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The first ever Electric passenger train was successfully presented by Warner von Siemens on a small railway in Berlin, Germany in 1879. Siemens then came to open the world's first electric tram line in Lichterfelde near Berlin, after this many other Electric Railways were opened in several locations. Five years later, in the U.S. electric trolleys were pioneered in 1888 on the Richmond Union Passenger Railway, using equipment designed by Frank J. Sprague.

Direct Effect: Before the Electric Train it was harder to transport passengers very quickly to one place to another without generating steam in an enormous boiler, polluting the area. Now with the Electric Train (Diesel Engine), the trains could run faster and work longer.

Indirect Effect: The Locomotives had a low thermal efficiency and reduced pollution from transportation by a big amount. Since Steam Locomotives polluted the area from the steam they generated, in comparison the electric locomotive burned oil to power a generator that, in turn, powered electric motors on the wheels.
Five years later, in the U.S. electric trolleys were pioneered in 1888 on the Richmond Union Passenger Railway, using equipment designed by Frank J. Sprague.

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Dr. Einthoven of the Netherlands invented the first practical electrocardiograph. The original invention weighed six-hundred pounds, had a water-cooling system for its five electromagnets, and in order to work it needed five operators.

Direct Effect: An electrocardiograph  allowed doctors to check the heart conditions of patients preventing and diagnosing heart problems with time in advanced.  This allowed for patients to be treated in the earlier stages of heart problems,  reducing the number of deaths related to these cardiovascular problems.

Indirect Effect: As abnormalities in the heart were detected with time, the life expectancy of individuals began increasing as early treatment opportunities were available. The electrocardiograph can be said to have allowed for a healthier population. The invention did such an amazing job at saving lives and improving the overall health of the population that it won the Nobel Peace Prize for Medicine in 1924. The electrocardiograph was a catalyst in the invention of other methods of heart screening that we see today. Further research on cardiovascular illnesses was conducted, only bettering the technology and eventually leading to the first successful heart transplant in 1967 by Dr. Christiaan Banard. As more deaths related to heart problems were detected and deaths prevented, more treatment options were created helping people with a heart condition see their illness not as a death sentence but as treatable.

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Antibiotics were not invented until 1907. The first antibiotic ever discovered was Salvarsan, today, we call it Arsphenamine. This antibiotic was invented by Alfred Bertheim and Paul Ehrlich and it was the first effective treatment for syphilis.

Direct Effect: Individuals that had contracted syphilis could now be treated and the number of deaths, brain damage, and blindness related to the disease decreased dramatically.  This new treatment, gave people an opportunity to receive a more effective chance of living a healthy life. Despite having many possible side effects, Arsphenamine was faster and had a higher success rate in healing patients than the mercury  previously being used as  a treatment.

Indirect Effect: An indirect effect of the discovery of Arsphenamine  was opening the door to research and discovery of other antibiotics. The use of Arsphenamine marked the beginning of antibacterial treatment. Many doctors and scientist took interest in further developing medication to treat bacteria and not long after, in 1928, Alexander Fleming began working on the creation of Penicillin, the revolutionary antibiotic that saved many lives.  Antibiotics came to change medicine as they allowed for a healthier society in which diseases could be treated preventing epidemics from breaking out like previously seen in history.  Antibiotics contributed to improving the overall quality of life of the people, saving individuals of all age groups, especially children who composed the future.

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Invented by the Wright Brothers, in 1903 they achieved the first powered and controlled airplane flight, then 2 years later they built  the first practical airplane  which could be used to transport man by air rather than by land.

Direct Effect: The airplane set a milestone for humanity as now air travel was possible making it faster and easier to get from one point to another. Before this, people traveled by land and going from country to country was alot of work.

Indirect Effect: The impact of the airplane was beyond measure, from military usage to the cultural impact all to commercial. The usage of the airplane spred culture as now it was easier to visit other countries, military were transported faster and easier and commerically, the aiplane spread businesses and furthered economic growth.

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Designed by Igor Sikorsky and built by the Vought-Sikorsky Aircraft Division of the United Aircraft Corporation, the helicopter was the first to incorporate a single main rotor and tail rotor design. Piloted by Sikorsky, the September 14 tethered flight lasted just a few seconds. Later his design of the 3 blade helicopter became the norm even for today

Direct Effect: With Helicopters, people were now more able to go on flight from a direct spot and navigate around an area from a certain distance and maneuver from one point and another effortlessly.

Indirect Effect: An Indirect Effect of Helicopters was the usage it upon it. Military Helicopters began instantly upon the invention and it served a good purpose and aerial flight from one distance to another was useful for things such as transporting supply, military soldiers, and just to have a bird's view from a land area.

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In August 16, 1898, Edwin Prescott created the first roller coaster with the vertical loop. The roller coaster was called Loop-de-loop Roller Coaster. Prescott operated his dual-tracked steel roller coaster on Coney Island, New York.

Direct Effect: It was use as an attraction and entertainment. Many people wanted to watch the attraction, rather than ride. There   was more activities to do. With the roller coaster, people weren't bored.

Indirect Effect: The location where the roller coaster is located became popular and it had an increase in sales in the park.

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The Kinetoscope is an early motion picture exhibition device. Inside of this instrument, a strip of film was passed rapidly between a lens and an electric light bulb while the viewer peered through a peephole. It was viewed by one individual at a time. It was invented by Thomas A. Edison and William Dickson.

Direct Effect: This invention was used as an entertainment to the people.  It was like a toy for the people during that time. They would look at the pictures and enjoy a small film of objects or people in motion.

Indirect Effect: It was the inspiration for a motion-picture film.  It formed the basis of the first apparatus used to project motion-picture film.

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The first refrigerator for home use were invented by American inventor Fred W. Wolf in 1913. In 1923 Frigidaire introduced the first self-contained unit expanding the market and introducing Americans to domestic refrigerators and freezers for food storage.

Direct Effect: People used to have to buy food everyday because they would have no where to store it. They would just have everything out in the open, and it would go bad quicker. So the refrigerator allowed people to store food and freeze it. And with being able to store food they didn't need to go to a grocery store everyday for fresh food.

Indirect Effect: People were also able to save a lot more money, because they wouldn't be using money to pay for transportation. They were able to buy food that were on sale and be able to store it for longer. And they wouldn't be throwing out leftovers they would be able to keep it for other days that they may want to eat that specific meal.

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The first known crossword puzzle was published in the New York World newspaper on December 21, 1913. It was created by journalist Arthur Wynne. The name of the first crossword puzzle was "Word-Cross" puzzle.

Direct Effect: The people were able to use the puzzle as a distraction. It was use as an entertainment. Became the most popular and widespread word game. Crosswords puzzles were considered fun and it helped improve your ability to find words.

Indirect Effect: Other people, with the ability to see words puzzled together in given geometrical patterns and capable of twisting and turning words, were able to construct millions of other puzzles by hand. In which these puzzlers has developed personal styles. The people were able to set standard of what to expect from a quality crossword puzzle. It led to the creation of the first book, called "The Cross Word Puzzle Book", which were a success.