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Answer: The student needs to identify at least one more piece of equipment such as a ruler, measuring tape, or meter stick AND include at least one idea for how the hypothesis can be tested: varying the size of the book stack, measuring distance traveled, repeated trials.

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Keywords & Vocabulary: light, reflection, refraction

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key vocabulary- grams, milliliters, mass and volume

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Voca/Key Words: Examining, separate, soils

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Keywords:mirror, image, object, located, and most likely
Answer: F

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Q.13 Key words: question, answer, studying

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When a vast amount of ash is expelled from a volcano during a catastrophic eruption, some of this ash can remain in the atmosphere for years. Which of the following changes in Earth's system most likely results from this situation?

1. Decreased solar reflection leading to higher global temperatures

2. Decreased solar reflection leading to lower global temperatures

3. Increased solar reflection leading to higher global temperatures

4. Increased solar reflection leading to lower global temperatures

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The teacher knows and understands the unifying concepts and processes that are common to all sciences.
The beginning teacher:
A. Understands how a unifying, explanatory framework across the science disciplines is provided by the concepts and processes of systems, order and organization; evidence, models and explanation; change, constancy and measurements; and form and function.
B. Demonstrates an understanding of how patterns in observations and data can be used to make explanations and predictions.
C. Analyzes interactions and interrelationships between systems and subsystems.
D. Applies unifying concepts to explore similarities in a variety of natural phenomena.
E. Understands how properties and patterns of systems can be described in terms of space, time, energy and matter.
F. Understands how change and constancy occur in systems.
G. Understands the complementary nature of form and function in a given system.
H. Understands how models are used to represent the natural world and how to evaluate the strengths and limitations of a variety of scientific models (e.g., physical, conceptual, mathematical).