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The Supreme Court rules in the 1946 case Morgan v. Virginia that a law enforcing segregation on buses is unconstitutional.

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The Supreme Court rules in another case, Boynton v. Virginia, that segregation of all public transport facilities was unconstitutional.

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On May 4, 1961, 7 African-Americans and 6 whites left Washington, D.C. Their plan was to travel through the segregated south and arrive at New Orleans on May 17th.

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After being met with peace for the first leg of their journey, things went awry when the group stopped at Rock Hill, SC on May 9th, 1961. While at a bus stop in Rock Hill, the group decided to enter a white waiting room together. A mob formed and brutally attacked two members of the group while a white police officer stood by.

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Shortly after splitting up, when the Freedom Riders reached Alabama, they were greeted by 200 white people who surrounded the bus, blowing out its tires. Shortly after, a bomb was tossed into the bus. The Freedom Riders managed to escape before being beaten by the angry mob.

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The same day, the second bus arrived in Birmingham. They were quickly greeted by another mob, this time armed with metal pipes. A police officer was not posted supposedly because it was Mother's Day.

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After CORE was unable to find a driver willing to drive the bus, the SNCC continued the rides with 10 Nashville students. Robert Kennedy worked with the Alabamian Government to secure a bus and continue the rides.

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The police escort abandoned the bus shortly before it arrived at Montgomery, and shortly after, a white mob of over 600 viciously attacked the bus. 600 federal marshals were deployed to the city, and Martin Luther King Jr. held a service in the city the same day.

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Many of the remaining freedom riders were either arrested or fined after more events. Photos from the events created public outcry, and the United States was even criticized by the USSR for being racist. Eventually, court cases fully banned discrimination on buses and terminals, and inspired many to join the civil rights movement.