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We are facing great environmental problems, the world we live in is dying and we do not give it the necessary importance. They are forcing us to take steps to fix it. Against deforestation we have digital notebooks. They are like traditional notebooks but the information instead of being stored in sheets is uploaded to the cloud. This allows us to save paper.

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Be part of the solution, not part of the air pollution!!
The green revolution,it is time to start it.
Sara Moldovan

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OMPE | Organisation Mondiale pour la Protection de l'Environnement

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Air pollution is induced by the presence in the atmosphere of toxic substances, mainly produced by human activity in recent years. These gases and chemicals generate a number of phenomena and consequences for the ecosystems and the living beings that populate our planet.

Air pollution affects everyone and all sectors : animals, cultures, cities, forests, aquatic ecosystems... In recent years, we nevertheless interested in two areas in particular, who suffer many adverse consequences of air pollution : the environment and human health.

The consequences of air pollution on the environment

The polluted air, floating on the surface of the earth, is carried away by wind and rain. Clouds and high temperatures also help to disperse pollution to reach very great distances from its point of origin.

Air pollution has a major impact on theprocess of plant evolution by preventing photosynthesis in many cases, with serious consequences on the purification of the air we breathe.

The accumulationof gases in the atmosphere also generates environmental problems with sadly known consequences : acid rain, depletion of the ozone layer, global warming, the greenhouse effect, etc. The concentration of these gases in the atmosphere, mainly dioxide Of carbon, increases on average by 1% per year. This phenomenon is due to the properties of certain gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and chlorofluorocarbons) to trap heat from the sun in the atmosphere, preventing it from returning to space after being reflected by Earth.

Air pollution contributes to the formation of acid rain, atmospheric precipitation in the form of rain, frost, snow or fog, which are released during combustion of fossil fuels and transformed by contact with water vapor in the atmosphere. Acid rain affects the amount of chemicals in soils and freshwater, affecting food chains.

The consequences of air pollution on human health

Our continued exposure to these air pollutants is responsible for the deterioration of human health.

In particular, air pollution can cause cardiovascular problems, allergies, asthma attacks, conjunctivitis, bronchial diseases, lung or skin cancers, vision problems, blood Problems in the mental development of the child, among others. The most vulnerable are children, the elderly, pregnant women and the sick.

Thus, some scientists have been able to establish a direct relationship between the increase of polluting particles in cities and the thickening of the internal wall of the arteries or atherosclerosis. Numerous studies have also shown that groups of people living in urban areas with high traffic volumes have more respiratory problems than the average and are more likely to develop disease. Cases of children with bronchitis and slow pulmonary development are much more common in large cities.

One of the solutions supported and advocated by the OMPE is to put in place CO2 absorbers on the planet. The latter, by acting as filters, would reduce the excess of toxic and polluting gases in the air (CO, CO2, methane in particular) and microparticles.

To read more, we invite you to read the article dedicated to our invention.

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Air pollution is induced by the presence in the atmosphere of toxic substances, mainly produced by human activity in recent years. These gases and chemicals generate a number of phenomena and consequences for the ecosystems and the living beings that populate our planet. Air pollution affects everyone and all sectors : animals, cultures, cities, forests, aquatic ecosystems...

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Reduce or eliminate the use of paper derived from vegetable cellulose, in order to stop the increasing felling of trees in natural forests.  You should also opt for paper recycling techniques.
https://energiatoday.com/deforestacion/soluciones/

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We need to reduce our fossil fuel emissions. Humans are the responsible for air pollution and if we don’t stop this all would be worst.

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The pollution of water is very dangerous for the maritime animals. We must have preventive measures to stop this bad situation like not throw packaging, plastics and others...

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We should save the trees because they are the lung of earth.
Marta Hernando

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One football field of forest gone every second

Since 2016, 28 million hectares of forest have been cut down every year on average. That's one football field of forest lost every SECOND of every day, year in and year out.

From 2001 to 2018, a forest area larger than India was lost worldwide (3,610,000 square kilometers). The loss is equivalent to a 9 % reduction in global tree cover since 2000.

Why deforestation? Our everyday products

The main drivers for the loss of forests are production of timber and the clearing of land for cattle, soy, and palm oil production.

"The main reason tropical forests are disappearing is not a mystery - vast areas continue to be cleared for soy, beef, palm oil, timber, and other globally traded commodities.''

- Frances Seymour, the World Resources Institute.

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One football field of forest gone every second Since 2016, 28 million hectares of forest have been cut down every year on average. That's one football field of forest lost every SECOND of every day, year in and year out. From 2001 to 2018, a forest area larger than India was lost worldwide (3,610,000 square kilometers).

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The problem of deforestación could be solved with the collaboration of all in recycling paper and thus reduce its consume.
https://images.app.goo.gl/xMwgvVZRmuxYT37p6

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Why don't we help the fish by not throwing plastics into the sea?
Because when we throw plastic into the sea, the fish eat it and then that plastic that the fish has eaten  is eaten by ourselves at home.

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We must reduce plastic (especially single-use) to reduce waste that ends up in the sea.  In the same way, you have to remove the one that is already in the water.  Unfortunately, no solution we have now is 100% effective, but new extraction methods, membrane bioreactors to filter, or bacteria that feed on plastics are being studied.
https://www.energyavm.es/causas-y-posibles-soluciones-a-la-contaminacion-del-agua/

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We must all be aware to save our house, The Earth. If we continue polluting the water, there will be a day when we can't drink because it won't be drinkable.
https://passportocean.com/2019/05/07/water-pollution-solutions/

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In our houses we waste a lot of water, and between the one that we spend and the one we pollute, the day will come when we will not have drinkable water to drink.

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Freshwater pollution is a major concern for our environment, particularly because we have relatively little available freshwater.

The poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge once wrote, about being stuck in the middle of a windless ocean, "Water, water, everywhere / Nor any drop to drink." Water covers almost 70% of the earth's surface. Yet only 2.5% of that water is fresh. And only a minuscule 1% of that freshwater is available for human use - much of the rest remains trapped in inaccessible forms like glaciers and snowpacks. So it's imperative that we keep our small percentage of usable freshwater clean.

But pieces of plastic and debris are a sad but common sight in water bodies like lakes and rivers. And less apparent chemicals and pollutants also play a major role. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), almost half of U.S. rivers and streams too polluted to use. So are more than one-third of our lakes.

Fortunately, though water contamination is a major, complex global issue, you can take many steps at home to help mitigate the harmful effects of water pollution and help maintain clean water supplies.

What Causes Water Contamination?

Because our supply of available freshwater is so small, pollution becomes an even greater concern. Pollution gets into our water supply in a variety of ways. Legal discharge from industrial sources is one way - and illegal discharge is another. Pollutants can also leak out of water treatment facilities, oil pipelines, and fracking operations. Windstorms and flooding also contaminate our water supply by washing pollutants and debris into it.

1. Runoff

In the United States, industrial pollution is relatively tightly regulated. So although direct industrial pollution is still a problem, our main source of freshwater pollution is nonpoint source pollution. In nonpoint source pollution, rather than being dumped from a specific polluting source, contaminants seep into our groundwater from a variety of sources when rain or flooding brings pollutants into contact with our water supply. This type of runoff pollution is still toxic, though. It can contain contaminants like pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, oil, arsenic, other toxic chemicals, livestock and pet waste, bacteria and viruses, and so forth. Lead pollution can also seep into our water through older plumbing infrastructure like lead pipes.

Agricultural Runoff

In the United States, agricultural runoff is the single biggest source of contamination in rivers and streams. The United States uses about a billion pounds of pesticides per year, much of that in agricultural applications. Herbicides, fertilizers, and other agricultural chemicals contribute to pollution as well. When it rains or floods, runoff from farms carries these pollutants into rivers, streams, lakes, and groundwater, and from there it's easy for them to end up in municipal water supplies and well water. If workers do not handle animal waste properly or practice good personal hygiene, bacterial infections such as giardia, cryptosporidium, E. coli, salmonella, and others can accumulate and run off into our water as well.

Nutrient Pollution

Water pollution has a variety of adverse effects on human health and our environment. One of these has to do with algae overgrowth. Chemical concentrations such as nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural runoff diminish water oxygen levels in water in a process known as eutrophication. In eutrophication, nitrogen and phosphate act like algae fertilizer, creating flourishing algae blooms in surface water such as lakes and rivers. These blooms stifle populations of fish and other aquatic organisms and sicken other animals all the way up the food chain.

Nutrient pollution from phosphates and nitrogen is the number one threat to water quality the world over. As many as 30 million to 48 million Americans get their water from aquifers that are susceptible to algae contamination, and these citizens could develop health issues from gastrointestinal ailments to kidney and liver damage if the contaminated water did not receive proper treatment.

2. Wastewater Dumping and Overflow

Developed countries typically treat about 70% of the wastewater they generate. The rest is dumped back into waterways without treatment. In middle-income and developing countries, the amount of treated wastewater drops substantially to between 28 and 38% for middle-income countries and 8% for many developing countries. Overall, around the world, about 80% of all wastewater is released back into the environment without first undergoing treatment.

In most areas of the United States, we are lucky to have robust wastewater treatment programs. Nevertheless, our aging wastewater infrastructure is far from perfect. The National Resources Defense Council reports that unsafe contaminants, from arsenic to lead, have been found in the tap water of every state in the country.

A couple of the primary causes of water contamination are industrial waste and city sewage.

Industrial Waste

Industrial waste contains heavy metals and toxic chemicals, and as we have seen, not all wastewater ends up getting treated, much less 100% purified. Mining industries use water to separate ore from rock and can end up sweeping small particles of heavy metals into our water supply. And industries like hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, to produce shale gas create enormous quantities of wastewater, much of it contaminated with heavy metals, radionucleotides, and other pollutants. Or gasoline or oil may spill into our oceans and rivers, potentially contaminating our water supply.

City Sewage

According to the World Health Organization, more than 2 billion people worldwide drink water contaminated with fecal matter. And this contaminated drinking water, which is likely to contain bacterial diseases such as cholera, dysentery, typhoid, and even polio, is believed to cause at least 485,000 deaths annually. Unsafe water kills more people globally each year than all forms of violence combined, including war.

This issue is not confined to developing nations. In the United States, according to the EPA, sewer overflows release 850 billion gallons of raw sewage and stormwater annually, spewing bacterial toxins into our fresh waterways. Sewer line breaks also release harmful toxins from human waste into the environment. In America, 3.5 million people a year contract bacterial diseases from swimming in sewage-contaminated water.

3. Water's Solvent Properties

Water is known as the "universal solvent" because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid. But water's solvent properties also increase its likelihood of becoming polluted.

Water is a polar molecule. To form water, oxygen bonds covalently with two hydrogen atoms. This covalent bonding means the oxygen and hydrogen atoms share electrons so they can each fill their outermost electron shells.

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, so it tends to pull the electrons closer, giving itself a slightly negative charge and giving the two hydrogen atoms a slightly positive charge. These charged areas of water molecules are electrically attracted to other charged substances and can pull them apart, dissolving them easily. Ionic compounds such as salts, in particular, dissolve readily in water. But this property also means water readily dissolves pollutants into itself, rather than refusing to mix with them.

How You Can Prevent Water Pollution

Homeowners can lessen their impact on water pollution in many ways. Below are eight ways to prevent water pollution.

1. Avoid Hardscaped Surfaces

Hard materials lead to runoff because they do not absorb water. And streams of runoff can carry away harsh chemicals like detergents and pesticides and dump them into our water supply. For landscaping features or pathways in your yard, try to use porous materials like gravel, wood, and paving stones rather than hard concrete. Some hard home surfaces like driveways are unavoidable, but we can take steps to diminish runoff from these surfaces. For example, planting shrubs along the side of a driveway creates a root system that can trap and hold water.

2. Pick Up After Pets

Pet waste in yards, parks, and trail systems is unsightly, but it's also harmful to our environment, particularly our water supply. Pet waste is laden with bacteria that can easily contaminate groundwater and make us ill if we ingest it. Though municipal water receives treatment for these contaminants, there's always a possibility that some bacteria could slip through. And well-water users do not get the benefits of such treatments. By picking up after pets, we can significantly diminish the public health issue of bacteria-contaminated water. It's also helpful to walk dogs in grassy areas rather than near streams or rivers.

3. Don't Put Nondegradable Products Down Your Toilet or Sink

Try not to dump paints, motor oil, harsh cleaners, or unused medicines directly into a drain or flush them down a toilet. These substances contain harmful contaminants such as ammonia and formaldehyde, and the contaminants can sometimes make it through wastewater treatment facilities and end up in our water supply. Many pharmacies will take back old medicines and dispose of them safely. Search online or contact your sanitation company to find out where you can safely dispose of other hazardous products.

It's also a good idea not to put solid objects like baby wipes or other garbage down the toilet. Baby wipes often contain plastic, which does not degrade well over time. Instead, it can end up collecting in sewer systems and leaching plastic chemicals into the water. Or, if they make it through the sewage system, these items end up contaminating our lakes, rivers, and other waterways.

4. Reduce Pesticide Use

Reducing home pesticide use is crucial for keeping waterways and groundwater contaminant-free. Pesticides can easily run off into waterways, seep into groundwater and end up in our water supply. Most of us don't want to consume pesticides with our food, so why would we want to ingest them with our drinking water? The National Pest Information Center recommends using an integrated approach by monitoring, deterring, and excluding pests from your property, tolerating harmless pests, and using pesticides sparingly and only as a last resort.

5. Conserve Water

Most of us know conserving water helps preserve essential wildlife habitats, but conserving water can help reduce water pollution as well. When we use less water, less energy is necessary to treat, supply, and heat our water. A lower energy burden means less use of fossil fuels. Reduced use of fossil fuels has numerous benefits, and one of them is that it spews fewer pollutants into the atmosphere that can eventually make their way into waterways and groundwater and from there into our water supply.

6. Plant Trees

Planting trees helps reduce water pollution in a couple of critical ways. For one thing, trees' extensive root systems create a barrier to runoff and help keep contaminants from running into our water supply. A typical tree can soak up as many as 2,380 gallons of rainwater a year. For another thing, trees can also act as natural water purifiers. Their root networks filter contaminants out of the water as it soaks through the soil, keeping those contaminants from reaching our water supply. Planting trees has an abundance of benefits, from increasing biodiversity to providing wildlife habitats to diminishing carbon dioxide concentrations in the air, and helping to reduce water pollution is unquestionably one of those benefits.

7. Install Water-Efficient Appliances

Installing water-efficient appliances helps reduce water pollution because the water from appliances carries contaminants out of homes and into our water supply. Dishwashers flush dish detergent into the water system, and washing machines do the same with laundry detergent, along with any chemical residues that may be clinging to your dirty clothes. Reducing your water use also allows you to use about one-third less detergent, so you're putting fewer potential contaminants into your water.

In those appliances, it's also a good idea to use a detergent that's gentle on the environment. The EPA recommends using phosphate-free detergent in your laundry machines to keep the water supply free from phosphate contaminants, which diminish oxygen levels in lakes and rivers and contribute to algae blooms. Of course, another way to increase water efficiency is to only run your appliances when they have a full load.

8. Reduce Plastic Consumption

Chemicals in plastic bottles and containers can easily leach into groundwater and contaminate our drinking water. And because plastic does not degrade well, it provides an exceptionally long window for contamination to occur. Especially in unlined landfills, it's incredibly likely for contamination to seep into the soil and contaminate the groundwater. Forever chemicals such as PFAS, which is found in many fast-food and takeout containers because it keeps them from breaking down upon contact with fats and grease, can live on for many years in both our environment and our bodies.

How Carbon Filters Can Help

We must take care of our water to ensure a clean and healthful water supply. It's also essential that we take care of ourselves, our families, and our drinking, bathing, and cooking water by reducing water pollution's effects.

Carbon block filters help prevent water contamination from reaching your home. Advanced carbon block filter technology, such as that used in Multipure products, is the most effective treatment available for reducing the number of contaminants that enter your home's water, particularly contaminants from runoff. Some of the most advanced carbon block water treatment systems are NSF-certified to be able to remove over 65 contaminants.

Solid carbon block filters contain activated carbon that performs several useful functions to help keep harmful contaminants -- including lead, chlorine, benzene, and many more - out of your home's water. The combination of these different functions allows a single filter to be effective against an enormous spectrum of water pollutants.

Mechanical filtration: Because the carbon in these filters is so dense and compact, it filters out exceptionally minuscule particles as small as 0.5 microns in size. This filtration helps keep harmful contaminant particles out of your home's water supply.

Electrokinetic adsorption: Adsorption is the process of collecting solute molecules on a surface - in this case, collecting dissolved contaminants on the carbon block filter. Carbon block filters have a prefilter that acquires a positive charge as water flows through it. In contrast, most pollutants found in water are negatively charged. The positively charged filter attracts these negatively charged particles and allows for the filtration of even smaller contaminants than mechanical filtration alone.

Physiochemical adsorption: Carbon block filters also have a large surface area to facilitate the adsorption of harmful pollutants. The large surface area of carbon block filters creates a sustained contact time between the filter and the water, facilitating the effective adsorption of many pollutants, including heavy metals, herbicides, and pesticides.

For the most effective protection, shop around for different options and see what type of carbon filtration system would work best for your home.

Prevent Water Contamination in Your Home With a Multipure Filtration System

When you're looking for a home water filtration system, make Multipure your trusted source. We have an extensive catalog of drinking water filtration systems and home essential filtration systems. So you can get anything from a whole-house filtration system to a water purification system specifically designed to remove waterborne viruses and bacteria.

We want to help you get the best, safest, cleanest, and best-tasting water you can. Contact us today.

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How to Prevent Water Pollution at Home | Multipure

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Freshwater pollution is a major concern for our environment, particularly because we have relatively little available freshwater. The poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge once wrote, about being stuck in the middle of a windless ocean, "Water, water, everywhere / Nor any drop to drink." Water covers almost 70% of the earth's surface.

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Why don't we help the earth by planting vegetation?  we have to plant all kinds of trees and plants to help the earth live.

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One of the big problems of our society is the plastic, we should try to use less plastic to take care of our planet and save it.

https://thedailyaztec.com/99947/opinion/if-youre-serious-about-helping-the-environment-reduce-your-plastic-use/

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Why don't we help the Earth by planting trees? We should encourage people, especially teenagers, to make this possible. The Earth would be extremely grateful.🌳🌳

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With demand for summer accommodation in the UK already soaring, availability for the key summer months is set to be limited. Therefore, the sooner you can secure your accommodation, the better.

Missing the student life vibes? Get your fix right from the comfort of your own home. Sit back, turn on the TV and head to Netflix. Here you'll find some first-class student shows and movies to bring you right back into the midst of student life.

Our student accommodation in Wembley, London, is undergoing a full refurbishment. It will be unrecognisable as it's transformed from top to bottom, bringing you student accommodation like no other.

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The Importance of Planting Trees - World Environment Day - Blog | Host

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With demand for summer accommodation in the UK already soaring, availability for the key summer months is set to be limited. Therefore, the sooner you can secure your accommodation, the better. Missing the student life vibes? Get your fix right from the comfort of your own home.

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We still have time to solve the climate change problem, we must start by reducing plastics.

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Plastic packaging can be both a blessing and a curse. It's usually deployed to protect food, preserve freshness, and prevent spoilage and waste, which are all good things. At the same time, supermarkets can't seem to help themselves from overpackaging items to the point of perversion, like a single banana - which already comes in its own Mother Nature-approved wrapper - plated on a Styrofoam tray and shrink-wrapped in even more plastic. Other forms of plastic appear completely gratuitous. Do pasta boxes really need tiny film windows for previewing the noodles?

Supermarkets aren't the only source of packaging waste, but they're a major contributor. They're also where most people interact with brands like Nestlé, which sells more than 1 billion products a day, 98 percent of which come in throwaway formats. When the Break Free from Plastic initiative audited more than 187,000 pieces of trash from 42 countries across six continents last October, the names that reared their heads most frequently were Coca-Cola, PepsiCo, and - yes - Nestlé. Supermarkets have been promoting recycling as a way out of this morass, but it hasn't been enough, according to environmentalists, who say that single-use plastic needs to be purged from the get-go. It's a concept that a growing breed of "zero-waste" grocers are experimenting with, too.

"If your bathtub was overflowing, you wouldn't reach for a mop to clean it up; you would turn it off at the source," says David Pinsky, an anti-plastics campaigner at Greenpeace. "And that's what we need to do on plastics."

Less than 14 percent of the nearly 86 million tons of plastic packaging produced globally each year is recycled

The fact of the matter is we're not doing a good enough job of recapturing plastics, which are made from nonrenewable resources such as crude oil and natural gas and contribute to climate change throughout their life cycle. Less than 14 percent of the nearly 86 million tons of plastic packaging produced globally each year is recycled, and of that, only 2 percent goes into high-value applications. The rest is landfilled, incinerated, or buffeted into the environment, where it clogs up the seas, the beaches, and the digestive tracts of sea life.

Much of the trouble with recycling plastic is it's "incredibly finicky," says Darby Hoover, a senior resource specialist at the Natural Resources Defense Council. Different municipalities accept different types of plastic, and the little triangle with the number at the bottom of a plastic container - if you can even find it - refers to the type of resin and not if or how it can be recycled. Sometimes, despite a recycling facility's best efforts, a plastics stream becomes contaminated, which impairs sellability. But even if a facility does get it right, there isn't always a market to funnel all the different types of plastic.

"What's been happening with China, in particular, is that it was America's No. 1 buyer of plastic and paper, but now it's saying that the stuff we send to them needs a much lower contamination rate, and we can't do that," Hoover says.

Complicating the matter is complex packaging such as Tetra Pak cartons - the type plant-based milks, soups, and broths come in - and Capri Sun-type juice pouches - which contain different layers of material fused together - are even more difficult to reclaim.

"So they've got aluminum and different types of plastic, then a bunch of glue that holds it all together," Hoover says. "It's very, very hard to separate out all those materials and figure out how to recycle any of them."

The global plastic packaging market is expected to soar to $412 billion in 2024

The problem isn't going away anytime soon. Plastic packaging is a booming industry with a powerful lobbying presence that can block lawmakers from enacting bans on plastic bags, Styrofoam containers, and other landfill fodder. Fueled by growing demand for flexible and functional food and beverage packaging, the global plastic packaging market is expected to soar from a value of $344 billion today to $412 billion in 2024. We throw away most single-use plastics within minutes of use, yet they can persist in the environment for 1,000 years.

"We do need to fundamentally rethink the way that we use plastics," says Sara Wingstrand, project manager of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation's New Plastics Economy initiative, which has rallied more than 350 businesses, governments, and other organizations, including Coca-Cola, PepsiCo, Unilever, Walmart, and Target, in 2018 to support the elimination of unnecessary plastic packaging and transition the rest to reusable, recyclable, and compostable versions by 2025. "Recycling is a part of the solution, but it's becoming evident that there is no way that we can recycle our way out of the plastic pollution crisis."

One key hurdle is that supermarkets are often blissfully unaware of how much plastic they're employing. The material is relatively cheap and it makes up a fraction of a business's operating expenses, Wingstrand says. And the thing is, you can't reduce what you haven't measured.

Some supermarkets are trying, though.

In South Africa, the supermarket chain Pick and Pay is trialing packaging-free "nude zones," where customers can bring their own containers for fruits and vegetables that are laser-etched with the supplier code and sell-by date in lieu of plastic stickers. Similar "food in the nude" campaigns are taking place at grocers in New Zealand, which banned single-use plastic bags in July. This past April, Metro, a supermarket chain in Quebec, became Canada's first major grocer to allow its customers to fill up their own reusable containers with meat, seafood, pastries, and ready-to-eat meals.

The United Kingdom, where a "polluter's tax" on any single-use packaging that doesn't contain at least 30 percent recycled materials is poised to debut in April 2022, is also making strides. Its major supermarkets have committed to a UK Plastics Pact to design out "problematic or unnecessary" single-use packaging by 2025. Waitrose is piloting refill stations at select stores for pasta, wine and beer, and detergent, and Sainsbury's plans to introduce refillable packaging "at scale." As part of its pledge to use only reusable, recyclable, or compostable packaging by 2025, Aldi has banned black plastic trays, which near-infrared sensors at recycling centers have trouble picking out from a sorting belt. Tesco, Britain's largest supermarket, has convened with its suppliers to examine solutions that may require a design or materials overhaul. It's even mulling banishing brands that use "excessive or inappropriate" packaging.

It should come as no surprise that supermarkets in the US - bolstered by America's corporate-friendly policies - have lagged behind.

"Europe is probably more favorably predisposed to regulation and restrictions," says Neil Saunders, managing director of retail at GlobalData, an international data-analytics consultancy. (Case in point? The European Union has a roadmap for making all plastic on the European market recyclable by 2030.) "Whereas the US is much more focused on freedoms of companies and individuals, and government is probably a lot more reluctant to legislate on certain things."

"The [US] government is probably a lot more reluctant to legislate on certain things"

That isn't to say there has been zero progress. Target is working on ditching expanded polystyrene foam packaging from its own-brand packaging by 2022. Select products in its Everspring line of home essentials are packaged in containers with up to 100 percent post-consumer recycled plastic. Costco has eschewed PVC clamshell packaging, which is not recyclable and can leach toxic chemicals when it degrades, for recyclable PET or recycled PET made from water bottles. Straws and Styrofoam meat trays are now verboten at Whole Foods, which is also replacing its hard plastic rotisserie chicken containers with bags that use roughly 70 percent less plastic, a spokesperson says. Walmart, the world's No.1 brick-and-mortar retailer, aims by 2025 to incorporate at least 20 percent post-consumer recycled content in its own-brand packaging, which will also be 100 percent recyclable, reusable, or industrially compostable. In terms of general merchandise packaging, Walmart says it will work with suppliers to nix PVC by 2020.

But a June report by Greenpeace, which rated 20 leading US supermarkets on their efforts to eliminate single-use plastic, found a universal failure to "adequately address the plastic pollution crisis they are contributing to." In fact, no supermarket scored more than 35 out of a possible 100 points. Even the American iteration of Aldi, which rose to No. 1 for setting out a plastics reduction target and plan, needs to ramp up its ambitions, according to Pinsky. Since 90 percent of the products on its shelves are private label, rather than from name-brand suppliers, Aldi has a bigger say in its packaging decisions.

"Aldi's only committed by 2025 to reduce its plastic footprint by 15 percent," he says. "So while some supermarkets are starting to take small steps in the right direction, none are acting with the urgency or the ambition that's needed to truly tackle the plastic pollution crisis."

Transparency, Pinsky says, is a sticking issue. No supermarket, for instance, publicly reports its plastic footprint, which makes it difficult for the public to evaluate progress year over year. Time-bound, comprehensive plans are still few and far between. And some grocers are merely substituting one single-use material for another, as in the case of Trader Joe's, which drew plaudits earlier this year for plans to strip its stores of 1 million pounds of plastic by removing plastic bags from its checkout counters, switching to compostable produce bags, and replacing Styrofoam trays with recyclable alternatives. But plant-based bioplastics, which stores increasingly favor, can still contribute to microplastic pollution if released into the environment, Pinsky notes, and molded fiberboard could harbor cancer-causing chemicals.

"We need to shift our culture back to more reuse systems"

"It's clear that recycling or substituting materials is not going to solve this problem; we need to see a focused reduction of plastic production in the first place," he adds. "We need to shift our culture back to more reuse systems."

One result of the plastics backlash is the idea of the zero-waste supermarket. Brianne Miller, a marine biologist, was so sickened by the swaths of plastic that greeted her in different dive sites around the world - even the remote ones - that she left academia to co-found Nada, a zero-waste grocer that is not only the first of its kind in downtown Vancouver but in all of Canada.

At Nada, everything, including fruits, vegetables, meats, grains, cheeses, nut butters, and sauces, is sold loose. Customers can load up their own jars, containers, and drawstring bags, or pick up cleaned and sanitized ones that are available for sale. Depending on what they need, they can pick up a barrel of crackers or just a handful. But customers are just one piece of Nada's master plan; the store also works with its suppliers to deliver their products free of disposable packaging.

"In many instances, suppliers are dropping off products every couple days or every week, so it's quite easy, for example, to have things like coffee beans dropped off in a reusable Rubbermaid tote," Miller says. "And then when the next shipment comes in, the container goes back to the supplier, and then it's refilled and reused again, so we have this circular loop of containers that are coming and going from our store." Nada sources as close to the store as possible, which helps with the minimalist approach, since products don't have to be coddled across vast distances. "Instead of shipping cucumbers from across the country, we have the local farm, so that packaging isn't necessary in the first place," she says.

Zero-waste supermarkets, especially full-service ones like Nada, may seem like an answer to our plastic packaging problem, except they're still a rarity. In.gredients, an East Austin business that billed itself as America's first zero-waste grocery store, shuttered permanently in 2018. There is a smattering of others in London, Berlin, Amsterdam, Stockholm, and Hong Kong, but they are largely boutique outfits with narrow aisles and more hipster appeal than options. For the vast majority of people, single-use plastics are still an inescapable aspect of their shopping reality.

One other solution is a return to the old "milkman delivery" model of yore. The brainchild of TerraCycle, a New Jersey-based "waste solution development" firm, Loop offers popular products - think Häagen-Dazs ice cream, Hidden Valley ranch dressing, Tropicana orange juice, and Quaker Oats oatmeal - in durable glass and aluminum tubs designed to be returned, cleaned, and refilled. Nestlé, Procter & Gamble, Unilever, PepsiCo, Coca-Cola, and Danone are just some of the marquee names that have thrown in their support. Loop has also roped in a number of retail partners, including Kroger and Walgreens in the United States, Tesco in the United Kingdom, and Carrefour in France.

"It's super important to us to meet consumers where they're already shopping," says Heather Crawford, Loop's vice president of marketing and e-commerce. Unlike with bulk or zero-waste supermarkets, customers don't have to sling their own containers or wash them, which could help adoption. "People want a better, more sustainable option with less waste, but they're not always willing to change their behaviors to get there," she says. "Loop removes all of the friction from the systems that exist in the current zero-waste solution."

Tory Gundelach, vice president of retail insights at the consulting agency Kantar, sees a growing desire from customers for forward-thinking efforts such as Loop. "Younger shoppers, particularly, are becoming more attuned to the effect of their actions on the environment or society as a whole," she says. "Shoppers increasingly want to see the retailers and brands they engage reflect their own personal values." Nearly two-thirds of millennials and Gen Z-ers say they prefer "brands that have a point of view and stand for something," Kantar's research has found.

And therein lies supermarkets' business proposition. Reducing packaging through resource-efficient design or losing it altogether can save money on raw materials and shipping costs - always a plus for the bottom line - but it can also win over a demographic that is only going to grow into its spending power.

"Shoppers are telling us, 'I'm putting my dollars against the retailers and the brands that feel like they have values that line up with my values,'" Gundelach says. "And to do that, of course, brands and retailers have to put out what their values are that they stand for."
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The vast majority of your plastic isn't being recycled. It might be time to consider lighting it on fire.

Looking for a quick way to keep up with the never-ending news cycle? Host Sean Rameswaram will guide you through the most important stories at the end of each day.

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Plastic waste is everywhere in grocery stores. Can they cut down?

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Plastic packaging can be both a blessing and a curse. It's usually deployed to protect food, preserve freshness, and prevent spoilage and waste, which are all good things. At the same time, supermarkets can't seem to help themselves from overpackaging items to the point of perversion, like a single banana - which already comes in its own Mother Nature-approved wrapper - plated on a Styrofoam tray and shrink-wrapped in even more plastic.

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We should use more renewable energy to help the Earth, the Earth is in danger

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A vast transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy is crucial to slowing climate change. But building solar panels, wind turbines and other renewable energy infrastructure requires mining for materials. If not done responsibly, this may damage species and ecosystems.

In our research, published today, we mapped the world's potential mining areas and assessed how they overlap with biodiversity conservation sites.

We found renewable energy production will exacerbate the threat mining poses to biodiversity - the world's variety of animals and plants. It's fair to assume that in some places, the extraction of renewables minerals may cause more damage to nature than the climate change it averts.

Australia is well placed to become a leader in mining of renewable energy materials and drive the push to a low-carbon world. But we must act now to protect our biodiversity from being harmed in the process.

Shutterstock

Mining to prevent climate change

Currently, about 17% of current global energy consumption is achieved through renewable energy. To further reduce greenhouse gas emissions, this proportion must rapidly increase.

Building new renewable energy infrastructure will involve mining minerals and metals. Some of these include:

lithium, graphite and cobalt (mostly used in battery storage)

zinc and titanium (used mostly for wind and geothermal energy)

copper, nickle and aluminium (used in a range of renewable energy technologies).

The World Bank estimates the production of such materials could increase by 500% by 2050. It says more than 3 billion tonnes of minerals and metals will be needed to build the wind, solar and geothermal power, and energy storage, needed to keep global warming below 2℃ this century.

However, mining can seriously damage species and places. It destroys natural habitat, and surrounding environments can be harmed by the construction of transport infrastructure such as roads and railways.

Dado Galdieri/AP

What we found

We mapped areas around the world potentially affected by mining. Our analysis involved 62,381 pre-operational, operational, and closed mines targeting 40 different materials.

We found mining may influence about 50 million km² of Earth's land surface (or 37%, excluding Antarctica). Some 82% of these areas contain materials needed for renewable energy production. Of this, 12% overlaps with protected areas, 7% with " key biodiversity areas", and 14% with remaining wilderness.

Our results suggest mining of renewable energy materials may increase in currently untouched and "biodiverse" places. These areas are considered critical to helping species overcome the challenges of climate change.

Authors provided

Threats here and abroad

Australia is well positioned to become a leading supplier of materials for renewable energy. We are also one of only 17 nations considered ecologically "megadiverse".

Yet, many of the minerals needed for renewable energy exist in important conservation areas.

For example, Australia is rich in lithium and already accounts for half of world production. Hard-rock lithium mines operate in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.

This area has also been identified as a national biodiversity hotspot and is home to many native species. These include small marsupials such as the little red antechinus and the pebble-mound mouse, and reptiles including gecko and goanna species.

Read more: World-first mining standard must protect people and hold powerful companies to account

Australia is also ranked sixth in the world for deposits of rare earth elements, many of which are needed to produce magnets for wind turbines. We also have large resources of other renewables materials such as cobalt, manganese, tantalum, tungsten and zirconium.

It's critical that mining doesn't damage Australia's already vulnerable biodiversity, and harm the natural places valued by Indigenous people and other communities.

In many cases, renewables minerals are found in countries where the resource sector is not strongly regulated, posing an even greater environmental threat. For example, the world's second-largest untouched lithium reserve exists in Bolivia's Salar de Uyuni salt pan. This naturally diverse area is mostly untouched by mining.

The renewables expansion will also require iron and steel. To date, mining for iron in Brazil has almost wiped out an entire plant community, and recent dam failures devastated the environment and communities.

Needpix

We need proactive planning

Strong planning and conservation action is needed to avoid, manage and prevent the harm mining causes to the environment. However global conservation efforts are often naive to the threats posed by significant growth in renewable energies.

Some protected areas around the world prevent mining, but more than 14% contain metal mines in or near their boundaries. Consequences for biodiversity may extend many kilometres from mining sites.

Meanwhile, other areas increasingly important for conservation are focused on the needs of biodiversity, and don't consider the distribution of mineral resources and pressures to extract them. Conservation plans for these sites must involve strategies to manage the mining threat.

There is some good news. Our analyses suggest many required materials occur outside protected areas and other conservation priorities. The challenge now is to identify which species are most at risk from current and future mining development, and develop strong policies to avoid their loss.
The map in this article has been updated, because due to a technical issue the previous version omitted some information.

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Renewable energy can save the natural world - but if we're not careful, it will also hurt it

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A vast transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy is crucial to slowing climate change. But building solar panels, wind turbines and other renewable energy infrastructure requires mining for materials. If not done responsibly, this may damage species and ecosystems. In our research, published today, we mapped the world's potential mining areas and assessed how they overlap with biodiversity conservation sites.

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Minimize changes in land use may save the damage on earth

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479715001474

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It is said consumerism will enventually consum us too.

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Capitalism is driving us to disaster. Our planet is heading for a terrifying environmental cataclysm - and our economic system is responsible. The defining characteristic of capitalism is perpetual economic growth. And while it has brought us wonderful benefits, including improved health, wealth and opportunities to travel and experience the world, ever-increasing production and consumption - inherent in capitalism - are an existential threat to life on our planet. The more we produce and consume, the more energy we need - and renewables can't keep pace. Unless we abandon capitalism now, we will inevitably continue to drive up the demand for fossil fuels. According to some scientific predictions, human civilisation could completely collapse by 2050 if we don't take drastic action to stop climate change now. We must end capitalism before it's too late.

That's the view of the anti-capitalist eco-warriors. But while it's undeniable that capitalism has contributed to our current climate crisis, it has also proven to be history's most effective way of solving our problems. According to capitalism's defenders, there is almost no challenge capitalism hasn't met. It has helped defeat disease and has lifted billions out of poverty - and there's no reason why the dynamism of the marketplace can't be harnessed to bring our carbon emissions down to zero. For example, until recently solar panels were impossibly expensive; now they are cheap and helping us transition away from fossil fuels. Our system of competitive, open markets gives strong incentives for the world's brightest minds to find creative solutions to climate change. So don't listen to the doomsayers who want to rip up our economic system. Capitalism is not the problem; it's the solution.

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To Stop Climate Collapse, We Must End Capitalism - Intelligence Squared

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Capitalism is driving us to disaster. Our planet is heading for a terrifying environmental cataclysm - and our economic system is responsible. The defining characteristic of capitalism is perpetual economic growth. And while it has brought us wonderful benefits, including improved health, wealth and opportunities to travel and experience the world, ever-increasing production and consumption - inherent in capitalism - are an existential threat to life on our planet.

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We should not let few influential people decide the future of the planet that belongs to everybody.
FELIPE

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rom climate change to child labour, the responsibility for solving major societal problems is increasingly being shifted to the individual. People feel in order to save the world they have to be "good". Yet that is bad - because it paralyses change. Global challenges must be tackled by institutions. That's why the UK's Committee on Climate Change was absolutely right to criticise the government in the strongest terms today for failing to take more action against the climate crisis.

Personal sacrifice alone cannot be the solution to tackling the climate crisis. There's no other area in which the individual is held so responsible for what's going wrong. And it's true: people drive too much, eat too much meat, and fly too often.

But reaching zero emissions requires very fundamental changes. Individual sacrifice alone will not bring us to zero. It can be achieved only by real structural change; by a new industrial revolution.

Looking for solutions to the climate crisis in individual responsibilities and actions risks obstructing this. It suggests that all we have to do is pull ourselves together over the next 30 years and save energy, walk, skip holidays abroad, and simply "do without". But these demands for individual action paralyse people, thereby preventing the large-scale change we so urgently need. We do not just need the 5-10% of the population willing and able to put time, money and effort into change. We need everyone to turn the tide towards sustainability worldwide.

There is hope that lies in the fact that we do not have to wait for each individual on Earth to become a better person and save the planet. All we need is to create a consensus within society that we should not destroy our home and demand that governments make this their first priority.

Some people argue that this is a cheap and convenient excuse to shift responsibility from the individual to the politicians. But it is neither cheap nor convenient. Each one of us remains individually responsible: to stay informed, to demand something different, and to keep politicians and institutions in check.

We don't expect individuals to take the lead when it comes to other social and economic challenges, such as unemployment. There is a decades-long economic consensus that unemployment should be kept as low as possible. But you would not ask an individual who warned that unemployment was too high: "so, what action do you personally take in the fight against unemployment?" Because that question is absurd. Unless you are the CEO of a big company, or the mayor of a city, as an individual you have no significant impact on unemployment.

The same is true of the climate crisis. What we need is citizens to make adamant demands of their politicians and institutions for more urgent action. Just as no party that pledged to increase rather than reduce unemployment would ever get elected in the UK or any other country, no political party should be allowed to dodge a clear strategy against climate risks. This is a challenge for politics, not for the individual.

In a society where environmentally and socially harmful goods and services are often indistinguishable from environmentally friendly or fair products, it's naive to think that asking the individual to save the world through consumer choice will be effective. And neither is it always the moral thing to do: is it right to demand from an Indian farmer that he cares about climate protection? What about the struggling single mother in London or Berlin with her three children?

If we take civil and human rights seriously, we cannot assign solving global problems to the individual. And the call for greater individual responsibility actually risks becoming detrimental to the cause as it prevents people from realising the scale of political change that needs to happen. Instead of seeing the big picture, people are diverted to the fine print on the refrigerator shelf in the supermarket.

There has been a trend towards shifting responsibility for societal success from our political institutions to the individual. But it's only as a society that we can collectively demand our politicians take the action needed to address the climate crisis.

Anders Levermann is a professor at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research

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Individuals can't solve the climate crisis. Governments need to step up | Anders Levermann

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rom climate change to child labour, the responsibility for solving major societal problems is increasingly being shifted to the individual. People feel in order to save the world they have to be "good". Yet that is bad - because it paralyses change. Global challenges must be tackled by institutions.

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I think the use of renewable energy might help the Earth.

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Renewable energy-wind, solar, geothermal, hydroelectric, and biomass-provides substantial benefits for our climate, our health, and our economy.

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Solar panels are a way of get energy without hurting the earth.

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If we eat local products, we will help the Earth.

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Are you a locavore? Locavores are people who try to choose locally grown or locally produced food that is in season. There are many definitions of "local food", but the concept is based primarily on distance. Many people like to purchase food locally by starting within their own community, then moving out to the region, province, country and so on. This type of food consumption is the basis for the popular 100-mile diet, which promotes buying and eating food that's grown, manufactured or produced within a 100-mile radius of the consumer's home.

Why eat "local"?

These are just a few of the numerous potential benefits of eating local:

It's good for the environment. Local food doesn't have to travel as far to arrive on your plate, so it helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and contributes to improving our carbon footprint.

It benefits the local economy, including supporting local farmers and other producers.

It encourages sustainable agriculture, and facilitates tracking the supply chain back to the point of origin to evaluate ecological practices.

It ensures that food has passed some of the highest safety standards in the world. Very strict regulations regarding additives, pesticides, herbicides, etc. ensure that Canadian food is safe.

It may have a higher nutrient value, as food that is grown and harvested locally is usually given more time to ripen. This does not, however, automatically mean that local food is necessarily more nutritious, as other factors come into play (see below).

We might be biased, but we think eating local just tastes better. Have you ever tried any strawberry as good as a Quebec strawberry?

Are local foods more nutritious?

There are several factors that influence the nutritive value of produce including crop variety, how it's grown, ripeness at harvest, storage, processing and packaging. Its vitamin and mineral content depends on the practices of people all along the line, from the seed to the table, whether or not produce is local or transported from a distance.

Produce such as broccoli, green beans, kale, red peppers, tomatoes, apricots and peaches are susceptible to nutrient loss when harvested and transported from longer distances, while those that are heartier such as apples, oranges, grapefruit and carrots keep their nutrients even if they travel long distances.

To learn more on the topic, please consult this great reference by Harvard Medical School entitled Healthy and Sustainable Food.

Did you know?

No growth hormones are given to pigs, poultry or dairy cows in Canada.

Annual fruit consumption in Canada rose to 47.5 kg per person in 2008, a record high. Berries, in particular blueberries and cranberries, are becoming more popular all the time.

The consumption of vegetables such as asparagus, eggplants, kohlrabi and sweet potatoes are slowly but steadily increasing on the menu.

Field crop farms, which include wheat, barley, corn, oats, rye, canola, flaxseed, soybeans and other specialty crops represent 40% of the farms in Canada. Other type of farms include: beef (27%), dairy (6%) and fruits and vegetables (5%).

Of the 665 distinct cheeses made in Canada, 477 varieties are produced in Quebec.

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Are you a locavore? Locavores are people who try to choose locally grown or locally produced food that is in season. There are many definitions of "local food", but the concept is based primarily on distance. Many people like to purchase food locally by starting within their own community, then moving out to the region, province, country and so on.

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How to reduce plactic bags? 🛍️ Cristina Pastor

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How to reduce plactic bags? 🛍️ Cristina Pastor

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These days, when we buy fruit and vegetables we pick up a lot of them with plastic bags, which will be a problem to the Earth 🌍. My initiative is to give the option of picking the fruit with cardboard boxes.
https://www.talkingretail.com/news/industry-news/iceland-launches-trial-reduce-plastic-packaging-fresh-produce-31-01-2020/

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If people think more in the planet,use less plastic and ricycle more, the environment in the planet will improve.
https://www.marinelittersolutions.com/about-marine-litter/frequently-asked-questions/?gclid=Cj0KCQiAst2BBhDJARIsAGo2ldU0wWpcdCNJoRDG6M9fylgjdp14KcE-Ue4tI2Va4a2clIu6vZbwaAkaAvUcEALw_wcB
Rubén.

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If the use of plastic decreased, the world would be more careful and there   would not be so many problems.

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If the use of plastic decreased, the world would be more careful and there   would not be so many problems.

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https://ecobnb.com/blog/app/uploads/sites/3/2018/07/9-consigli-per-vivere-con-meno-plastica.jpg
Clara

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We should teach the students ways of recycling

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Recycling in your classroom can easily be made a daily activity. Try implementing one or more of these recycling activities into your regular routine, and before you know it, recycling will be second nature to your students. Recycling instills a lifelong habit of creating sustainability, and you can show them that even the smallest actions matter!

1. Start with a recycling quiz

Everyone knows what garbage is. But how much do your students really know about recycling? For example, what percentage of our trash can be recycled? How many years does it take for plastic to decompose? Test their knowledge with this colorful quiz. Then start doing the research.

Learn more: 8 Billion Trees

2. Add recycling lessons to your lesson plans

Wondering how to incorporate the principles of Reduce, Reuse, Recycle into the classroom in order to pass them on to the next generation? Check out these 11 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Lesson Ideas for every subject. These recycling activities can help students explore how to put this phrase to use in many different ways.

Learn more: Project Learning Tree

3. Read books about recycling

Picture books are always a good idea for introducing kids to important topics. Check out the intriguing titles at the link below and get your students amped up about making a difference through recycling.

Learn more: Children's Books About Recycling on Amazon

4. Use recycling writing prompts

Mix up your daily journal or writing activities by giving students recycling-themed writing prompts. Get your free download below to get your students thinking about recycling in completely different ways.

Learn more: Teacher's Notepad

5. Hold a coat or clothing drive

This is a fantastic way for kids to extend the life of their own belongings while helping someone in need. Ask students to bring in gently used items, then hold a garage sale at the school and sell the collected clothing for a very low price, or even offer them for free. Another option is to donate clothing items to a local organization such as a homeless shelter or nonprofit that serves low-income populations.

Learn more: Good Deed Tuesday

6. Hold a recycling contest

Which team can recycle the most in a day, week, or even a month? This is an easy challenge to execute-just get multiple recycling bins and start collecting. How you run the contest is up to you, but here are a few ideas: Divide up your class to form two to four different teams, challenge another classroom in the school, or even have a teachers-versus-students contest.

Learn more: askHRgreen

7. Take a field trip to a recycling facility

If your community has a recycling facility nearby, see if they coordinate tours. Seeing the work in action can have a much greater impact on students than just studying it. And if your field trip budget is already maxed out, try a virtual tour.

Learn more: PBS Learning Media

8. Play recycling games

Recycling games and activities for kids can help them learn about the hazards of pollution and ways of reducing it. Eco-warriors bottle bowling, tumbling towers, or a recycle relay are just a few ideas.

Learn more: Mom Junction

9. Create recycling anchor charts

Anchor charts are a great way to help elementary students learn. They are also a good way to encourage classroom discussion. Remember that anchor charts are meant to be created along with your students. So begin by charting out a main idea or question and then build the chart by getting your students' responses.

Learn more: 15 Fantastic Sustainability and Recycling Anchor Charts

10. Research programs that handle more challenging recyclables

Paper, aluminum cans, and plastic bottles are all items that students can see being recycled every day. But what about items like broken crayons, batteries, or old electronics? Start by dividing the class into several small groups and assign each of them a list of items that are more challenging to recycle. Then have them research to learn how those items can be recycled. As a final activity, they can present their findings to the class.

11. Play bingo and learn as you go

Practice separating recyclable items from trash by following the bingo cards of this printable Recycling Bingo Game! A fun activity for kids that will introduce them to the basic ideas of recycling.

Learn more: Adventure in a Box

12. Create a prize bag of used items

Get your students' parents involved by asking for items to use for the classroom prize bag. Give them suggestions-toys from restaurant kids' meals, little freebies from conferences, and other odds and ends-and you'll be surprised at the items you can collect. Students will love picking a prize from the "reuse" bag when they hit different milestones and goals.

13. Upcycle plastic containers

You can find oodles of plastic containers around the house that make for organizers and more. Challenge your students to look around their homes or in their recycling bins to find something that can be upcycled or reused. For instance, a yogurt container can be used as a crayon holder, a plastic bottle can be quickly transformed into a vase, and baby wipe containers can hold just about any classroom odds and ends.

Learn more: Doodle Craft

14. Hold a recycling poster contest

Hanging kid-made posters can send a strong message. Challenge your students to a create-a-poster contest and let them use their imaginations to inspire others. Ask students for their input about where the posters should go and also talk about what you hope the posters do for the school.

Learn more: WMCSD

15. Create your own infographics to hang in the classroom

Infographics are fun representations of important details. Assign students to small groups and have them research statistics and facts about recycling. Then challenge them to create their own infographic, presenting what they learned in a visual way.

16. Commit to zero waste

Start a committee to encourage your school to aim for zero waste for all school events such as class picnics, field day, assemblies, etc. Talk to representatives at your school district about moving to zero waste in your school cafeteria. Share the guide on zero waste with students to take home to their families.

Learn more: Free Permaculture

17. Start a Green Club

Green Clubs are a great way to bring environmental activism into the spotlight at your school. It might seem daunting to start one of your own, but it doesn't have to be. Start small-the club can be established with just a few engaged students and a single purpose. Check out the link below for 10 super-helpful tips.

Learn more: Mommy Poppins

18. Welcome worms into your classroom!

Worms?! You betcha. Vermicomposting is the method of composting using red wiggler worms. Long story short, the worms eat garbage and turn it into gorgeous, nutrient-rich compost-they are definitely doing a version of recycling. You can get started with this fascinating hobby in a relatively small space, and the kids will love it!

19. Watch videos about how recycling works

Be sure to cover the basics. You might think students have an understanding of how recycling works, but it might not be as clear as you think. Start with two great videos: Life of a Plastic Bottle and Life of an Aluminum Can. Videos are a good way to start the conversation about how recycling works, and they'll help students see that their actions really do matter.

20. Plant a garden or a tree

In general, gardening is an excellent hobby to implement in schools, as it gives back for years and years to come. Plus, you can use your garden for fun recycling activities. Get outside with your students to collect seeds, pods, and even nuts. They can plant the seeds at home in their own backyard or in their neighborhood.

21. Leave no scraps behind

Establish a rule in your classroom that both sides of a piece of paper must always be used. If students have a piece of paper that hasn't been used on the back, have them put it in a designated scrap paper container. The backside is great for notes and artwork.

22. Make your own recycled paper

Now that you've established a method for collecting paper, it's time to do something with it. Learn how to turn scraps into new paper for your classroom. This process can be a bit involved, and it might be best when spread out over a couple of days, but it's a wonderful hands-on lesson for students.

Learn more: The Craftaholic Witch

23. Hold a book or toy swap

Instead of buying new books or toys, why not hold a giant swap meet at school? So many kids have things that are perfectly good but they just no longer use them. Instead of filling up the landfill, why not pass them on to someone who will enjoy them?

24. Make art from recycled materials

Fill an area of your classroom with recyclable objects-cans, bottles, egg cartons, etc. Then have your students use them to create art. Encourage students to be creative and bring in their own items as well. Here's one of our favorite recycling activities, made from bottles.

Learn more: Clean River

25. Produce a PSA about recycling

A PSA (public service announcement) is a fun way to get kids to further research recycling and turn their newfound knowledge into a video. Encourage students to research PSAs and really work on their overall messaging until it's perfect. You can assign different roles, like director, writer, producer, and on-screen talent. Once it's ready, film the PSA, edit it, and then share it with parents and the public.

26. Sponsor a community cleanup day

Make flyers and recruit participants to clean up your community. Collect recyclable materials and make sure they are properly turned in to recycling facilities. Not only will you beautify your neighborhood, but you'll also help the environment.

Learn more: National Cleanup Day

27. Extend the life of everyday items

Instead of heading to the store every time you need materials for the classroom, take a look around at what you already have and see what you can use repeatedly. Have students follow along during lessons on whiteboards instead of paper. Laminate materials you know you will use over and over instead of making fresh copies every time. Show that not everything needs to be tossed after the first use.

28. Make the most of your markers

Is this messy? Yeah, probably. But is it also awesome? Most definitely! Try this activity in your class and turn old stale markers into paint. This activity would work best if you can be outside to experiment.

Learn more: Picklebums

29. Ditch single-use waste

Building on the previous point, ask students to think carefully about the lunches they bring to school. Instead of single-use bags and packaging, encourage them to pack lunches in reusable containers. Enclose sandwiches in reusable wax wraps and include a cloth napkin that can be thrown in the wash when they get home. Let them know they can purchase items like chips and cookies in bulk and pack them in their own containers. In addition, instead of plastic water bottles, encourage students to bring a reusable water bottle to keep at their desks.

30. Recycle crayons

This activity is not only a great lesson on not letting things go to waste, it also results in something new for your students to enjoy! Have your students break used crayons into small pieces then place them into paper cups. Now, this part is for teachers only: Microwave cups for approximately 4 minutes, until the crayons turn to liquid. Carefully pour into silicon molds and set aside. Let molds dry overnight, or if you have a freezer available, pop them in for about 30 minutes and voilà! You have new multi-colored crayons for the classroom.

Learn more: Little Bins for Little Hands

31. Teach a math lesson with a recycling theme

Incorporate recycling activities into your math lessons. In this activity, students will estimate the percentage of various types of trash that they generate (e.g., paper, plastic) and calculate the pounds of each based on the U.S. daily average of 7 pounds per person. Then they will create a pie chart as they consider how they can reduce their waste.

Learn more: PBS Learning Media

32. Make a paper roll bird feeder

Did you know that about 184 million toilet paper rolls get thrown away each year? Why not put them to good use by turning them into bird feeders? Not only will it help our fine feathered friends, it will cut down on a ton of waste.

Learn more: The Resourceful Mama

33. Learn how to sort recycling

So many people have good intentions but have no idea what goes where when it comes to recycling. Kids who learn how to recycle in school are one of the best resources for teaching the adults in their lives. Share this information with your students and help make the world a better place.

Learn more: Clean Green Rush

34. Make a robot from cardboard boxes

Looking for more recycling activities that save materials from the landfill? Building a cardboard box robot is a fun STEAM challenge and a recycling project all rolled into one. This version features silver and black paint and aluminum HVAC duct arms.

Learn more: My Kid List

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34 Ideas, Big and Small, to Bring Recycling Into the Classroom

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Bring more recycling into your classroom with these recycling activities and projects. Get ideas plus links to free printables and resources.

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We should to save our true home!
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FABIO
We should to save our true home, the Earth!

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Society must perish, so we can return to our origins, in balance with nature.
-Carlos Rodríguez-

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Anarcho-primitivism is a political ideology that advocates a return to non-" civilized" ways of life through deindustrialization, abolition of the division of labor or specialization and abandonment of large-scale organization technologies. Anarcho-primitivists critique the origins and progress of the Industrial Revolution and industrial society. According to anarcho-primitivism, the shift from hunter-gatherer to agricultural subsistence during the Neolithic Revolution gave rise to coercion, social alienation and social stratification.

Many classical anarchists reject the critique of civilization while some such as Wolfi Landstreicher endorse the critique without considering themselves anarcho-primitivists. Anarcho-primitivists are often distinguished by their focus on the praxis of achieving a feral state of being through " rewilding".

In the United States, anarchism started to have an ecological view mainly in the writings of Henry David Thoreau. In his book , he advocates simple living and self-sufficiency among natural surroundings in resistance to the advancement of industrial civilization. "Many have seen in Thoreau one of the precursors of ecologism and anarcho-primitivism represented today by John Zerzan. For George Woodcock, this attitude can also be motivated by the idea of resistance to progress and the rejection of the increasing materialism that characterized North American society in the mid-19th century." Zerzan himself included the text "Excursions" (1863) by Thoreau in his edited compilation of anti-civilization writings called Against Civilization: Readings and Reflections from 1999.

In the late 19th century, anarchist naturism appeared as the union of anarchist and naturist philosophies. It mainly was important within individualist anarchist circles in Spain, France and Portugal. Important influences in it were Henry David Thoreau, Leo Tolstoy and Elisee Reclus. Anarcho-naturism advocated vegetarianism, free love, nudism and an ecological world view within anarchist groups and outside them.

Anarcho-naturism promoted an ecological worldview, small ecovillages, and most prominently nudism as a way to avoid the artificiality of the industrial mass society of modernity. Naturist individualist anarchists saw the individual in his biological, physical and psychological aspects and avoided and tried to eliminate social determinations. Their ideas were important in individualist anarchist circles in France but also in Spain where Federico Urales ( pseudonym of Joan Montseny), promotes the ideas of Gravelle and Zisly in La Revista Blanca (1898-1905).

This tendency was strong enough as to call the attention of the CNT- FAI in Spain. Daniel Guérin, in Anarchism: From Theory to Practice, reports how "Spanish anarcho-syndicalism had long been concerned to safeguard the autonomy of what it called " affinity groups". There were many adepts of naturism and vegetarianism among its members, especially among the poor peasants of the south. Both these ways of living were considered suitable for the transformation of the human being in preparation for a stateless society. At the Zaragoza congress, the members did not forget to consider the fate of groups of naturists and nudists, "unsuited to industrialization." As these groups would be unable to supply all their own needs, the Congress anticipated that their delegates to the meetings of the Confederation of communes would be able to negotiate special economic agreements with the other agricultural and industrial communes. On the eve of a vast, bloody, social transformation, the CNT did not think it foolish to try to meet the infinitely varied aspirations of individual human beings."

Anarchists contribute to an anti-authoritarian push, which challenges all abstract power on a fundamental level, striving for egalitarian relationships and promoting communities based upon mutual aid. Primitivists, however, extend ideas of non-domination to all life, not just human life, going beyond the traditional anarchist's analysis. Using the work of anthropologists, primitivists look at the origins of civilization so as to understand what they are up against and how current society formed in order to inform a change in direction. Inspired by the Luddites, primitivists rekindle an anti-technological orientation. Insurrectionalists do not believe in waiting for critiques to be fine-tuned, instead spontaneously attacking civilization's current institutions.

Primitivists may owe much to the Situationists and their critique of the ideas in The Society of the Spectacle and alienation from a commodity-based society. Deep ecology informs the primitivist perspective with an understanding that the well-being of all life is linked to the awareness of the inherent worth and intrinsic value of the non-human world, independent of its economic value. Primitivists see deep ecology's appreciation for the richness and diversity of life as contributing to the realization that present human interference with the non-human world is coercive and excessive.

Bioregionalists bring the perspective of living within one's bioregion, and being intimately connected to the land, water, climate, plants, animals, and general patterns of their bioregion.

Some primitivists have been influenced by the various indigenous cultures. Primitivists attempt to learn and incorporate sustainable techniques for survival and healthier ways of interacting with life. Some are also inspired by the feral subculture, where people abandon domestication and have re-integrate themselves with the wild.

Some theorists posit that the fact that anarcho-primitivism has existed as a political ideology consistently for so long points to a dissatisfaction with civilization and a desire to return to nature felt across cultures and generations. They argue that the width of the divide between civilization and nature, or the perception thereof, is a factor that feeds the desire to destroy civilization, and by extension, supports the continued relevance of anarcho-primitivist thought.

Some anarcho-primitivists state that prior to the advent of agriculture humans lived in small, nomadic bands which were socially, politically, and economically egalitarian. Being without hierarchy, these bands are sometimes viewed as embodying a form of anarchism.

Primitivists hold that following the emergence of agriculture the growing masses of humanity became evermore beholden to technology ("technoaddiction") and abstract power structures arising from the division of labor and hierarchy. Primitivists disagree over what degree of horticulture might be present in an anarchist society, with some arguing that permaculture could have a role but others advocating a strictly hunter-gatherer subsistence.

Primitivism has drawn heavily upon cultural anthropology and archaeology. From the 1960s forward, societies once viewed as " barbaric" were reevaluated by academics, some of whom now hold that early humans lived in relative peace and prosperity in what has been called the " original affluent society". Frank Hole, an early-agriculture specialist, and Kent Flannery, a specialist in Mesoamerican civilization, have noted that, "No group on earth has more leisure time than hunters and gatherers, who spend it primarily on games, conversation and relaxing." Jared Diamond, in the article "The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race", said hunter-gatherers practice the most successful and longest-lasting life style in human history, in contrast with agriculture, which he described as a "mess" and that it is "unclear whether we can solve it". Based on evidence that life expectancy has decreased with the adoption of agriculture, the anthropologist Mark Nathan Cohen has called for the need to revise the traditional idea that civilization represents progress in human well-being.

Scholars such as Karl Polanyi and Marshall Sahlins characterized primitive societies as gift economies with "goods valued for their utility or beauty rather than cost; commodities exchanged more on the basis of need than of exchange value; distribution to the society at large without regard to labor that members have invested; labor performed without the idea of a wage in return or individual benefit, indeed largely without the notion of 'work' at all."

Anarcho-primitivists view civilization as the logic, institution, and physical apparatus of domestication, control, and domination. They focus primarily on the question of origins. Civilization is seen as the underlying problem or root of oppression, and they believe that civilization should therefore be dismantled or destroyed.

Anarcho-primitivists describe the rise of civilization as the shift over the past 10,000 years from an existence deeply connected to the web of life, to one psychologically separated from and attempting to control the rest of life. They state that prior to civilization, there generally existed ample leisure time, considerable gender equality and social equality, a non-destructive and uncontrolling approach to the natural world, the absence of organized violence, no mediating or formal institutions, and strong health and robustness. Anarcho-primitivists state that civilization inaugurated mass warfare, the subjugation of women, population growth, busy work, concepts of property, entrenched hierarchies, as well as encouraging the spread of diseases. They claim that civilization begins with and relies on an enforced renunciation of instinctual freedom and that it is impossible to reform away such a renunciation. Based on several anthropological references, they further state that hunter-gatherer societies are less susceptible to war, violence, and disease.

However, some-such as Lawrence Keely-contest this, citing that many tribe-based people are more prone to violence than developed states.

Anarcho-primitivists, such as John Zerzan, define domestication as "the will to dominate animals and plants", claiming that domestication is "civilization's defining basis".

They also describe it as the process by which previously nomadic human populations shifted towards a sedentary or settled existence through agriculture and animal husbandry. They claim that this kind of domestication demands a totalitarian relationship with both the land and the plants and animals being domesticated. They say that whereas, in a state of wildness, all life shares and competes for resources, domestication destroys this balance. Domesticated landscape (e.g. pastoral lands/agricultural fields and, to a lesser degree, horticulture and gardening) ends the open sharing of resources; where "this was everyone's," it is now "mine." Anarcho-primitivists state that this notion of ownership laid the foundation for social hierarchy as property and power emerged. It also involved the destruction, enslavement, or assimilation of other groups of early people who did not make such a transition.

To primitivists, domestication enslaves both the domesticated species as well as the domesticators. Advances in the fields of psychology, anthropology, and sociology allow humans to quantify and objectify themselves, until they too become commodities.

Rewilding and reconnection

For most primitivist anarchists, rewilding and reconnecting with the earth is a life project. They state that it should not be limited to intellectual comprehension or the practice of primitive skills, but, instead, that it is a deep understanding of the pervasive ways in which we are domesticated, fractured, and dislocated from ourselves, each other, and the world. Rewilding is understood as having a physical component which involves reclaiming skills and developing methods for a sustainable co-existence, including how to feed, shelter, and heal ourselves with the plants, animals, and materials occurring naturally in our bioregions. It is also said to include the dismantling of the physical manifestations, apparatus, and infrastructure of civilization.

Rewilding is also described as having an emotional component, which involves healing ourselves and each other from what are perceived as 10,000-year-old wounds, learning how to live together in non-hierarchical and non-oppressive communities, and de-constructing the domesticating mindset in our social patterns. To the primitivist, "rewilding includes prioritizing direct experience and passion over mediation and alienation, re-thinking every dynamic and aspect of reality, connecting with our feral fury to defend our lives and to fight for a liberated existence, developing more trust in our intuition and being more connected to our instincts, and regaining the balance that has been virtually destroyed after thousands of years of patriarchal control and domestication. Rewilding is the process of becoming uncivilized."

Brian Sheppard asserts that anarcho-primitivism is not a form of anarchism at all. In Anarchism vs. Primitivism he says: "In recent decades, groups of quasi-religious mystics have begun equating the primitivism they advocate (rejection of science, rationality, and technology often lumped together under a blanket term "technology") with anarchism. In reality, the two have nothing to do with each other."

Andrew Flood agrees with this assertion and points out that primitivism clashes with what he identifies as the fundamental goal of anarchism: "the creation of a free mass society".

Primitivists do not believe that a " mass society" can be free. They believe industry and agriculture inevitably lead to hierarchy and alienation. They argue that the division of labor techno-industrial societies require to function forces people into reliance on factories and the labor of other specialists to produce their food, clothing, shelter, and other necessities and that this dependence forces them to remain a part of this society, whether they like it or not.

Some anarcho-primitivists view the shift towards an increasingly symbolic culture as highly problematic in the sense that it separates us from direct interaction. Often the response to this, by those who assume that it means that primitivists prefer to completely eliminate all forms of symbolic culture, is something to the effect of, "So, you just want to grunt?" However, typically the critique regards the problems inherent within a form of communication and comprehension that relies primarily on symbolic thought at the expense (and even exclusion) of other sensual and unmediated means of comprehension. The emphasis on the symbolic is a departure from direct experience into mediated experience in the form of language, art, number, time, etc.

Anarcho-primitivists state that symbolic culture filters our entire perception through formal and informal symbols and separates us from direct and unmediated contact with reality. It goes beyond just giving things names, and extends to having an indirect relationship with a distorted image of the world that has passed through the lens of representation. It is debatable whether humans are "hard-wired" for symbolic thought, or if it developed as a cultural change or adaptation, but, according to anarcho-primitivists, the symbolic mode of expression and understanding is limited and deceptive, and over-dependence upon it leads to objectification, alienation, and perceptual tunnel vision. Many anarcho-primitivists promote and practice getting back in touch with and rekindling dormant and/or underutilized methods of interaction and cognition, such as touch and smell, as well as experimenting with and developing unique and personal modes of comprehension and expression.

Regarding those primitivists who have extended their critique of symbolic culture to language itself, Georgetown University professor Mark Lance describes this particular theory of primitivism as "literally insane, for proper communication is necessary to create within the box a means to destroy the box."

Criticism and counter-criticism

Notable critics of anarcho-primitivism include post-left anarchists Wolfi Landstreicher and Jason McQuinn, Ted Kaczynski (the "Unabomber"), and especially libertarian socialist Murray Bookchin, as seen in his polemical work entitled Social Anarchism or Lifestyle Anarchism.

Activist writer Derrick Jensen wrote in Walking on Water that he is often classified as a " Luddite" and "an anarcho-primitivist. Both of these labels fit well enough, I suppose." Others, too, have designated his work with the latter term; however, more recently, Jensen began to categorically reject the "primitivist" label, describing it as a "racist way to describe indigenous peoples." He prefers to be called " indigenist" or an "ally to the indigenous."

A common criticism is of hypocrisy, i.e. that people rejecting civilization typically maintain a civilized lifestyle themselves, often while still using the very industrial technology that they oppose in order to spread their message. Jensen counters that this criticism merely resorts to an argument, attacking individuals but not the actual validity of their beliefs. He further responds that working to entirely avoid such hypocrisy is ineffective, self-serving, and a convenient misdirection of activist energies. Primitivist John Zerzan admits that living with this hypocrisy is a necessary evil for continuing to contribute to the larger intellectual conversation. Jason Godesky holds that the charge of hypocrisy is a generalization, affirming that "not all primitivists are against technology in and of itself; only some. Many primitivists hold a view that technology is ambiguous (...) So, the charge of hypocrisy only holds up if we extend the beliefs of some primitivists to all primitivists, or to primitivism itself."

Wolfi Landstreicher and Jason McQuinn, post-leftists, have both criticized the romanticized exaggerations of indigenous societies and the pseudoscientific (and even mystical) appeal to nature they perceive in anarcho-primitivist ideology and deep ecology. Zerzan has countered that the anarcho-primitivist view is not idealizing the indigenous, but rather "has been the mainstream view presented in anthropology and archaeology textbooks for the past few decades. It sounds utopian, but it's now the generally accepted paradigm".

Ted Kaczynski has also argued that certain anarcho-primitivists have exaggerated the short working week of primitive society, arguing that they only examine the process of food extraction and not the processing of food, creation of fire and childcare, which adds up to over 40 hours a week.

Besides Murray Bookchin, many class struggle oriented and social anarchists criticize primitivism as offering "no way forwards in the struggle for a free society" and that "often its adherents end up undermining that struggle by attacking the very things, like mass organization, that are a requirement to win it". Other social anarchists have also argued that abandoning technology will have dangerous consequences, pointing out that around 50% of the population of the United Kingdom requires glasses and would be left severely impaired. Radioactive waste would need to be monitored for tens of thousands of years with high-tech equipment to prevent it leaking into ecosystems, that the millions of people who need regular treatment for illnesses would die and that the removal of books, recorded music, medical equipment, central heating and sanitation would result in a rapid dropping of the quality of life. Furthermore, social anarchists contend that without advanced agriculture the Earth's surface would not be able to support billions of people, meaning that building a primitivist society would require the death of billions.

1. ^ el-Ojeili, Chamsy; Taylor, Dylan (2 April 2020). ""The Future in the Past": Anarcho-primitivism and the Critique of Civilization Today". Rethinking Marxism. 32 (2): 168-186. doi:10.1080/08935696.2020.1727256. ISSN 0893-5696. S2CID 219015323.

2. ^ Jeihouni, Mojtaba; Maleki, Nasser (12 December 2016). "Far from the madding civilization: Anarcho-primitivism and revolt against disintegration in Eugene O'Neill's The Hairy Ape". International Journal of English Studies. 16 (2): 61. doi:10.6018/ijes/2016/2/238911. ISSN 1989-6131.

3. Wilson, Chris (2001). "Against Mass Society." Green Anarchy, no. 6., via TheAnarchistLibrary.org. Retrieved 11 April 2019.

4. Landstreicher, Wolfi (2007). "A Critique, Not a Program: For a Non-Primitivist Anti-Civilization Critique".

5. ^ Diez, Xavier Diez. "La Insumisión Voluntaria: El Anarquismo Individualista Español Durante La Dictadura Y La Segunda República (1923-1938)" [Draft Avoidance: Spanish Individualistic Anarchism During the Dictatorship and the Second Republic (1923-1938)] (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 26 May 2006. Su obra más representativa es Walden, aparecida en 1854, aunque redactada entre 1845 y 1847, cuando Thoreau decide instalarse en el aislamiento de una cabaña en el bosque, y vivir en íntimo contacto con la naturaleza, en una vida de soledad y sobriedad. De esta experiencia, su filosofía trata de transmitirnos la idea que resulta necesario un retorno respetuoso a la naturaleza, y que la felicidad es sobre todo fruto de la riqueza interior y de la armonía de los individuos con el entorno natural. Muchos han visto en Thoreau a uno de los precursores del ecologismo y del anarquismo primitivista representado en la actualidad por John Zerzan. Para George Woodcock(8), esta actitud puede estar también motivada por una cierta idea de resistencia al progreso y de rechazo al materialismo creciente que caracteriza la sociedad norteamericana de mediados de siglo XIX.
Translated: "His most representative work is Walden, published in 1854, although redacted between 1845 and 1847 when Thoreau decided to move to an isolated cabin in the woods and live in intimate contact with nature in a solitary and sober life. His philosophy, from this experience, attempts to transmit the idea that a return to respecting nature is necessary, and that happiness is, above all, a fruit of inner richness and harmony between individuals and the natural environment. Many have seen Thoreau as a precursor to ecologism and anarcho-primitism, actualized by John Zerzan. For Woodcock (8), this attitude can also be motivated by the idea of resistance to progress and the rejection of the increasing materialism that characterized North American society in the mid-19th century."

6. ^ Roselló, Josep Maria. "El Naturismo Libertario (1890-1939)" [Libertarian Naturism (1890-1939)] (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 January 2016.

7. Ortega, Carlos. "Anarchism, Nudism, Naturism". Archived from the original on 13 December 2013.

8. ^ Freire, João. "Anarchisme et naturisme au Portugal, dans les années 1920" [Anarchism and naturism in Portugal in the 1920s]. Les anarchistes du Portugal [The Anarchists of Portugal] (in French). ISBN 2-9516163-1-7.'

9. ^ "El individuo es visto en su dimensión biológica -física y psíquica- dejándose la social." (Roselló)

10. ^ Morán, Agustín. "Los origenes del naturismo libertario" [The origins of libertarian naturism] (in Spanish).

11. ^ Jun, Nathan (September 2009). "Anarchist Philosophy and Working Class Struggle: A Brief History and Commentary". WorkingUSA. 12 (3): 505-519. doi:10.1111/j.1743-4580.2009.00251.x. ISSN 1089-7011.

12. ^ Guérin, Daniel, 1904-1988. (1970). Anarchism : from theory to practice. Paul Avrich Collection (Library of Congress). New York: Monthly Review Press. ISBN 0-85345-128-1. OCLC 81623.

13. ^ Gardenier, Matthijs (2016). "Le courant " anti-tech ", entre anarcho-primitivisme et néo-luddisme". Sociétés. 131 (1): 97. doi:10.3917/soc.131.0097. ISSN 0765-3697.

14. ^ Perrin, Coline (2020), "Social Justice in Spatial Planning: How Does Bioregionalism Contribute?", Bioregional Planning and Design: Volume I, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 97-110, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-45870-6_6, ISBN 978-3-030-45869-0

15. ^ "Western Political Science Association 2011 Meeting". Political Research Quarterly. 63 (4): 933. 30 November 2010. doi:10.1177/1065912910389134. ISSN 1065-9129.

16. ^ Boyden, Stephen Vickers (1992). "Biohistory: The interplay between human society and the biosphere, past and present". Man and the Biosphere Series. Pari: UNESCO. 8 (supplement 173). doi:10.1021/es00028a604.

17. ^ Diamond, Jared (May 1987). "The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race". Discover Magazine.

18. ^ Schultz, Emily; Lavenda, Robert. "The Consequences of Domestication and Sedentism". Archived from the original on 15 July 2009.

19. ^ Flood, Andrew (2005). "Is primitivism realistic? An anarchist reply to John Zerzan and others". Anarchist Newswire.

20. ^ The Green Anarchy Collective. "An Introduction to Anti-Civilization Anarchist Thought". Archived from the original on 12 December 2008.

21. Lance, Mark from lecture ^ Anarchist Practice, Rational Democracy, and Community NCOR (2004). Audio files Archived 21 April 2005 at the Wayback Machine

22. ^ Kaczynski, Ted. "The Truth About Primitive Life: A Critique of Anarchoprimitivism". It seems obvious, for example, that the politically correct portrayal of hunter-gatherers is motivated in part by an impulse to construct an image of a pure and innocent world existing at the dawn of time, analogous to the Garden of Eden," and calls the evidence of the violence of hunter-gatherers "incontrovertible.

23. ^ Jensen, 2006, pp. 173-174: "[Although it's] vital to make lifestyle choices to mitigate damage caused by being a member of industrial civilization... to assign primary responsibility to oneself, and to focus primarily on making oneself better, is an immense copout, an abrogation of responsibility. With all the world at stake, it is self-indulgent, self-righteous, and self-important. It is also nearly ubiquitous. And it serves the interests of those in power by keeping our focus off them."

24. ^ Harmon, James L., ed. (2010). "unknown+to+most" Take My Advice: Letters to the Next Generation from People Who Know a Thing or Two. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9780743242875.

25. ^ Kaczynski, Theodore (2008). The Truth About Primitive Life: A Critique of Primitivism.

26. ^ "Primitivism, anarcho-primitivism and anti-civilisationism - critique". libcom.org. 12 October 2006.

Gagliano, Giuseppe (2010). Il ritorno alla Madre Terra. L'utopia verde tra ecologia radicale e ecoterrorismo [The return to Mother Earth. The green utopia between radical ecology and eco-terrorism] (in Italian). Editrice Uniservice. p. 229. ISBN 978-88-6178-595-3.

Jensen, Derrick (2000). A Language Older Than Words. New York: Context Books. ISBN 1-893956-03-2.

Jensen, Derrick (2002). The Culture of Make Believe. New York: Context Books. ISBN 1-893956-28-8.

Kaczynski, Theodore (1996) [1995]. The Unabomber Manifesto: Industrial Society and Its Future (3rd ed.). Berkeley: Jolly Roger Press. ISBN 0-9634205-2-6.

Tucker, Kevin (2009). For Wildness and Anarchy. Greensburg, PA: Black and Green Press.

Watson, David (1998). Against the Megamachine. Brooklyn: Autonomedia. ISBN 1-57027-087-2.

Zerzan, John (1999). Elements of refusal. Columbia, MO: C.A.L. Press/Paleo Editions. ISBN 9781890532017.

James Luchte (2012). Of the Feral Children. London: Createspace. ISBN 978-1479294886.

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Anarcho-primitivism is a political ideology that advocates a return to non-" civilized" ways of life through deindustrialization, abolition of the division of labor or specialization and abandonment of large-scale organization technologies. Anarcho-primitivists critique the origins and progress of the Industrial Revolution and industrial society.

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