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In eighth lesson. The lesson of the past was discussed and a few members mentioned it. Such as Mrs Shagul, Prucha and Mr Awat. They said a few remarks each about the different types of assessment. One was very nice and reasonable. One of the members said we can have a seminar to evaluate or assessing students. Because I think it is better to have a seminar. Because the level of understanding of the student in the seminar is clearer. But the problem is that it does not always have sufficient time. But we do it for the science department at the LAB, the first one and half hours for the seminar and other time to doing the experiments. Another note was that Mrs. Mizhda said the course could have been completed within two weeks, but we continue this for more than a month. After that Mr Miran talked about the direct and indirect assessment.
It is important to understand the distinction between direct and indirect evidence of student learning.  Direct evidence of student learning is tangible, visible, and measureable and tends to be more compelling evidence of exactly what students have and have not learned.  This is because you can directly look at students’ work or performances to determine what they’ve learned.

Indirect evidence tends to be composed of proxy signs that students are probably learning.  An example of indirect evidence is a survey asking students to self-report what they have learned.  This is evidence that students probably are learning what they report to have learned, but is not as compelling as a faculty member actually looking at students’ work.  It is not uncommon in students’ self-reports to either inflate or undervalue what they have actually learned.
Mr Miran said is great and fitting to be tested by the student. Work in government institutions to be sure is this student able to work or not? or has the ability to adapt to the environment. A group discussion was latter held to assess acknowledge. One of the ways was multiple choice. Many members of the group did not support it. Mrs Shagul said I dont think so, but Mrs bakhan said it was great and I have experience on it and it is the best method to evaluation the student acknowledgment.
Another method of assessment is to bring the students to a government institution. Mrs. Paiman said our student or the student in our province don't know why he or she comes to college and don't know about his future. She said I know one guy who graduated from engineering school but who worked in an electrician's office.

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We talked about how to peer assess. Peer assessment involves students taking responsibility for assessing the work of their peers against set assessment criteria. They can therefore be engaged in providing feedback to their peers (sometimes referred to as peer review), assumptive grades (moderated by you or your colleagues), or a combination of the two.
Performance assessment, also known as alternative or authentic assessment, is a form of testing that requires students to perform a task rather than select an answer from a ready-made list.
The final slide is rubric and A rubric is a scoring tool that explicitly describes the instructor's performance expectations for an assignment or piece of work. A rubric identifies: criteria: the aspects of performance (e.g., argument, evidence, clarity) that will be assessed.

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26/7/2021
In the seventh lecture, we talked about the assessment. Assessment involves the use of empirical data on student learning to refine programs and improve student learning. Assessment is the process of gathering and discussing information from multiple and diverse sources to develop a deep understanding of what students know, understand, and can do with their knowledge as a result of their educational experiences; the process culminates when assessment results are used to improve subsequent learning. Assessment is the systematic basis for making inferences about the learning and development of students. It is the process of defining, selecting, designing, collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and using the information to increase students' learning and development. Assessment is the systematic collection, review, and use of information about educational programs undertaken to improve student learning and development. At first, Mr. Miran discussed the above explanation and explained some methods to assess the student to ensure the understanding of the student of the subjects, such as the problem basic learning. Many members suggested various methods, for example, Mrs. Shagul said, we assess the teachers to improve the quality of lecturing. Mr. Faraydoon said a significant point, the exam is not the main tool to assess the student and decide on to be good or bad. Because it is possible if students get into trouble in the exam day or night, then it will cause a bad effect on the student thinking. With your permission, I will tell you one example, when I was a student in the third stage, one night my hand burned by boiling water, at that night I couldn't sleep in the whole night, and for today I had a Thermodynamic exam. Believe me, I was the best student, in this subject because I like it. Because of the burning hand problem, I was getting a low score. I want to say only the exam tool is not quite to assess the students. Mr. Shamal discussed a good point, he talked about the student mark, I think it is very important to the future student and creating student trust and innovation. The teacher should consider how to give and reduce the marks on exam sheets. Mrs. Shadi talked about one new assessment in our province. Before the students get the college must take an exam. If the student takes a high degree will get approval from the department. But I think it is not a successful method to assess the student because I have experience with this method. May one student has many ideas about mathematic but worse in English, this exam skip some different subject, for example at the physics department some students were very good to solve the mathematical problems, but very weak to English, and many things were related to English to understand such as thermodynamic with laser subject. Mr. Miran talked about how is to improve assessment and how to differentiate the smart and lazy students. The practical and theoretical are two different things, and he talked about one person that he had good knowledge but had a bad skill. Mrs. Roza talked about himself when she was a master's student. She had a problem with him a teacher to assess his project, many members talked about the formation of assessments when a teacher assess a student. I think is very important because she postponed six months due to not understanding the instruction assessment.

One slide was specialist to why do we assess. To find out what students are learning. An important reason to assess student learning is to find out how well students are learning what we say we are teaching to what degree are they accomplishing the learning outcomes we hold for them. Information from assessments can tell instructors, programs, and institutions if they need to make changes in what they teach or how they teach it.

The types of assessment discussed by Mr. Miran. Summative assessment. The goal of summative assessment is to evaluate student learning at the end of an instructional unit by comparing it against some standard or benchmark. Examples of summative assessments include: –a midterm exam –a final project –a paper. Confirmative assessment. When your instruction has been implemented in your classroom, it’s still necessary to take assessment. Your goal with confirmative assessments is to find out if the instruction is still a success after a year, for example, and if the way you're teaching is still on point. You could say that a confirmative assessment is an extensive form of a summative assessment. Formative assessment is used in the first attempt of developing instruction. The goal is to monitor student learning to provide feedback. It helps identifying the first gaps in your instruction. Based on this feedback you’ll know what to focus on for further expansion for your instruction. Ipsative assessment. It measures the performance of a student against previous performances from that student. With this method you’re trying to improve yourself by comparing previous results. You’re not comparing yourself against other students, which may be not so good for your self-confidence.

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In the sixth session with Dr. Karwan, we discussed some general points about the culture and some significant institutes in the college. One of the interesting points in this session was the room teacher. In the sixth session with Dr. Karwan, we discussed some general points about the culture and some significant institutes in the college. One of the interesting points in this session was the room teacher. Dr. said the teacher room is important in college because sometimes a lot of students need more explanation but without a proper place to explain it is impossible to happen and get a good result. I think the toilet on each floor is very important and affects the student's sense of learning, and we talked in this session. The teaching hall is another point in our session. Several members talked about this point, such as Mr. Aso, Bakhan, and Rozhgar. The students feel good and will ready to listening in a comfortable environment related to a classroom.  I remembered when I was in college at Salahaddin University, and the halls were very bad sometimes we faced some problems we couldn't breathe easily due to the dust of halls and corridors. The light of the classroom affects students' concentration, and at a dark and non-good hall, the student will get bothered. A suitable and better environment is related to many things. A bad effect on a student's concentration will be more when the colleges and education place was dirty. The kindergarten for teacher’s child is another important point Mr, Peshang said is very good if we achieve in our colleges I think is depends on teacher's mind. Of all the advantages of cleanliness in schools, maximizing the student learning experience remains the most important. Studies show that dirty facilities have a negative impact on classroom performance. Students maintain higher grades and better graduation rates in clean educational environments. Parental involvement shouldn’t be motivated by concerns over dingy classrooms and dirty bathrooms. A professionally cleaned school gives parents the assurance that their children are learning in a healthy atmosphere, and it encourages parents to stay involved in the process in a positive way. Your school serves as your teachers’ workplace, and they deserve to look forward to each new day. They perform their jobs better when they aren’t distracted by substandard surroundings. Teachers are more productive when they interact with children in healthy, clean classrooms. Maintaining cleanliness in your school helps reduce student absences and teacher sick days. A cleaning contractor makes sure all areas of the building are cleaned, sanitized and disinfected year-round. That protects everyone’s health on campus especially during flu season. Students, teachers and staff value a clean campus because it means administration cares enough to invest in cleaning services that ensure their comfort and health. A clean school sends a powerful message that’s appreciated all across campus, and it makes a positive impression on parents too. The gaming hall and restaurant are another two points discussed by members in this session. Therefore, students should be given more and more opportunities to explore their interests and abilities. In the European universities, these halls are existed and have many financial reasons. Another points about the temperature of halls and when working or taking a test in a room that is unbearably hot, it would seem harder to focus on the task you are trying to do. I was read the scientific studies indicate that weather conditions such as high temperature and humidity can impair mental performance by affecting brain neurochemistry. For instance, it is believed that thermal stress can cause cognitive impairment.

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In the fifth session, we presented our poster. Each poster explained one method of teaching. The first poster was about the flashcard method. It is a simple implementation of the principle of spaced repetition, where cards are reviewed at increasing intervals. In this method flashcards are sorted into groups according to how well the learner knows each one in the Leitner's learning box. The learners try to recall the solution written on a flashcard. This method is very important and significant for kindergarten and primary school. I think it is the best way to clarifying anything it is possible to rely on this method, for example, vocabulary. The bad thing is of this method cannot apply on every level, and it is impossible to clarify everything with this method. Time is another disadvantage of this method. Most of the members proposed this method is suitable for initial levels, for example, Mr. Jamaladdin and Mrs. Bakhan.

The second poster named discussion group, Mrs. Hoshmand said to have any research established the ratio of success for this method. Ms. Brocha responded and said that any method when proposing to use it has some advantages and disadvantages, and sometimes or some situations need to choose a suitable way. Discussion methods are a variety of forums for open-ended, collaborative exchange of. ideas among a teacher and students or among students for the purpose of furthering. students thinking, learning, problem solving, understanding, or literary appreciation. The best point explained by Mr. Muhamad is to demonstrate independence. Group discussion is a child-centered strategy, in which students are divided into groups and are encouraged to discuss the subject matter given. Group discussion is dominated by the teacher. The classroom climate is autocratic, and most of the time, the teacher is active, and students accept his ideas and views.

The third poster was about the teaching model. A model of teaching can be defined as the depiction of the teaching and learning environment, including the behavior of teachers and students while the lesson is presented through that model. Models of teaching are the specific instructional plans which are designed according to the concerned learning theories. Models of teaching provide well-developed ways of teaching that guide the development of learning experiences and the identification of structures that support learning. Teaching models indicate the types of learning and outcomes that could be anticipated if they are used. Often the most effective type of modelling in terms of student engagement, teachers ask students to model a performance, task or a thought process. In student-centered modelling, teachers engage students who have mastered specific concepts or learning outcomes in the task of modelling for their peers. The above definition is the brief of the group seven discussion and answers the member questions.

Group five poster named debate method. Debate is a kind of learning method, and also functions as a strategy for studying as well. This learner-oriented method is more comprehensive, and a bilateral relationship between teacher and learner will occur and each one has his/her share in the learning and teaching process.Most of the parameters of this poster were explained by Mrs. Aween. They clarified the debate method includes many types such as academic and Lincoln debates. Each one has some special characteristics and can apply to a comfortable situation. In my opinion
Academic debate is simply defined as a debate conducted under the auspices of an educational institution aimed at providing educational opportunities for its students. The purpose of an academic debate is to allow evenly matched opponents to present balanced arguments and evidence about critical issues.
In our group discussions about the lecture by teachers, the first and introduction were explained by Mr. Twana, and the steps of this method clarified by Mr. Hiwa and Rasul.  Advantages of Lecture Method: The lecture method provides for the effective use of time and manpower in that the instructor can present many ideas to a large group in a relatively short period. Also, the lecture method can be used to supplement other methods of instruction,

Disadvantages of Lecture Method: The lecture method limits the amount of student participation. A lecture is inadequate for teaching hands-on skills and it is not an effective method for maintaining student interest were explained by Mr peshang and Ahmed. I talked about the importance of the lecture includes some points; 1-Lecture is an effective method for communicating theories, ideas & facts to students. 2. The basic purpose of lectures is the dissemination of information. This method is suitable for teaching in higher classes (XI, XII) where we aim to cover the prescribed syllabus quickly, and also this method will help them to prepare themselves for college where the lecture method of teaching is a dominant method of imparting instruction. This method of teaching can be made more beneficial if the teacher encourages his students to take notes during the lesson. Some good lectures , delivered by the teacher, may motivate, instigate and inspire a student for creative thinking.

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In the fourth lecture, we talked about the library in colleges and schools. Most of the members talked about the advantages of the library. A school library facilitates diverse life skills, thereby enhancing personal development in young children. It promotes curiosity, innovation, and critical thinking. It endorses desirable study habits in students. A library is truly integral to the teaching and learning processes. I remember in our college days, students would spend hours reading and conducting research in the college library.

It endorses desirable study habits in students. A library is truly integral to the teaching and learning processes. It stimulates interest in subjects and widens the horizon.
Mr Twana made an important point that he made anywhere if you have an educational institute it is impossible to spend more than 95% in one place or that institute. For example, it is not good if the students spend all their time in the class and should have a library for learning and thinking.
After this section, we talked about the importance of the laboratory. Laboratories have been purported to promote a number of goals for students, most of which are also the goals of science education in general.

The science learning goals of laboratory experiences include enhancing mastery of science subject matter, developing scientific reasoning abilities, increasing understanding of the complexity and ambiguity of empirical work, developing practical skills, increasing understanding of the nature of science, cultivating interest in science and science learning, and improving teamwork abilities.

The research suggests that laboratory experiences will be more likely to achieve these goals if they (1) are designed with clear learning outcomes in mind, (2) are thoughtfully sequenced into the flow of classroom science instruction, (3) integrate learning of science content and process, and (4) incorporate ongoing student reflection and discussion.

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In this module, Edureneurship explains verbal and non-verbal communication. In the classroom, the teacher's speech is the most important than anything because all members and students are expecting the teacher's speech. Communicating effectively requires using all forms of classroom talk in combinations appropriate for particular utterances and interactions. The first meeting moment or time is more sensitive to successful and controlling the classroom. Everyone listening carefully at this moment or effect speech efficiency for other times in this lesson. The first time, I went to a classroom in 2014 at Hawler petroleum institute, I remember I was nervous and shied but after that or the second or next week was easily controlled my self-speech.

About a small group communication between small groups or three or more students is very important because the teacher should take the balance to allow all students or the majority of students to speak and interpret the lecture subjects during the lessons in the classroom.

Public communication is strategic communication used when a person or group of people muster and share information to a group of people to deliver a message on a specific topic. It is one of the crucial forms of communication, usually done for a specific purpose. When information is shared with one person, it is called interpersonal communication for example talking to one student, whereas when information is shared with more than one person is called public communication addressing students in a seminar. The teachers will be speaking in front of the audience and I can tell the teacher that it is easy to do so. After making the experience of the classroom to be a place or other situations such as election campaigns, it is easier compared to someone else.

About a small group communication between small groups or three or more students is very important because the teacher should take the balance to allow all students or the majority of students to speak and interpret the lecture subjects during the lessons in the classroom.

Public communication is strategic communication used when a person or group of people muster and share information to a group of people to deliver a message on a specific topic. It is one of the crucial forms of communication, usually done for a specific purpose. When information is shared with one person, it is called interpersonal communication for example talking to one student, whereas when information is shared with more than one person is called public communication addressing students in a seminar. The teachers will be speaking in front of the audience and I can tell the teacher that it is easy to do so. After making the experience of the classroom to be a place or other situations such as election campaigns, it is easier compared to someone else.

The PowerPoint presentation is important in lessons because students look at the teacher's slides, and they have a powerful impact on the students' minds. The color design, in many PowerPoint, has several colors but it is not good, this complex color slides must be simplistic and change the color just to differentiate of variables if it was necessary. The number of words and sentences in the PowerPoint should be very short, I have graduated from Firat University, and I learned one thing in the PowerPoint the number of words is not possible more than 25 words. PowerPoint or classroom explanation depends on teachers' speech for a further explanation after the lesson, students should be able to link teacher’s speech or explanation and lesson materials such as PowerPoint, Microsoft Word, or PDF.

Watching the video during the lecture in several sections is necessary to understand the topic. According to the physics department especially in quantum mechanics, electronics and modern physics, a photo or video is very useful in my opinion. Dr Karwan, several times repeated one thing and is a smile, He said is useful and effect on student’s mind and decreasing the fear and very important to facilitation of subject to attract the student's mind or focus of students remind on the lecture subjects. In contrast, angry face and rigid figure should be considered as a good lecture because it affects the students' environment. Another great thing Dr Karwan talked about is the salary problem in our county, and the problem of other characters, and the teacher should avoid these bad things and facilitate and try to make and increase the percentage of understanding.

The effect of sounds, the teacher must be don't forget during the lecture. In some situations, need to increase sounds volume, and the times need to decrease the volume sounds. If the volume of the teacher's voice is constant during the whole lecture, according to the experience of the student's times, the student's mind will be asleep. When sound increases students' thinking it can be very important and interesting.

Dr Karwan talked about transformational leadership, which is related to teamwork. This is very important and sometimes is difficult to be successful because the ratio of success depends on self-adaptability and flexibility. Our system or our province has many problems such as self-confidence and belief. In the classroom, sometimes the teacher or the main lecturer will leave the classroom, under the faith and trust of the auxiliary lectures but we have a problem. The assistances can do the tasks as we want or not. In our education system, the level of smartness or adaptability is not equal and very far from each other.

In one lecture with Dr Karwan we talked about the verbal and non-verbal or local language of the teacher. The main factor that influences the student is the types of language according to my understanding and my exploring for this definition for verbal interaction is the main medium of communication for language educators in each educational institution. Lecturers need to enhance their verbal communication skills and be fluent in the language. The practice of teaching transformation creates a critical, creative and innovative graduate experience. The implementation of language teaching involves three basic skills which include reading, writing, and oral skills.

Another point is the clothes of teacher many members of our group talked about several examples, generally, I understood the clothes teacher must be proper and should have an agreement with our culture. Teachers, like most other working professionals, don't have the luxury of dressing however they would like. I think the teacher don't have permission to take clothes anything he or she likes and avoid overly-clingy tops and slacks no matter what your body type and never show up to school wearing anything see-through or excessively low cut/short—this is basically true of all professional fields.

Another point it was a body language, the position of the body in the classroom should be careful. I think it is necessary when the teacher changes the position it means the effect of sounds. When approaching one student or further away from a student, the effect of the sounds on the students' brain. If the teacher is only standing in one position, students will only be interested in looking in one direction because most of the time during class, students are watching the teacher and focusing on the teacher for an extended period of the lesson.

Eye contact, in my view, is very important, sensitive and one must be careful of this type. Sometimes the teacher doesn't care what he or she looking at and focusing on the students. Should take a balance on eye contact. Watching more than two or three times in one minute may you get bothered sometimes is spontaneous but the student has another interpretation may they have bad thinking. I have an experience when I was looking at some girls, they didn't look at me and they were putting their heads down, I guess it wasn't good.

About the gesture, most of the members talked about it, and I collected many opinions that will be able to facilitate communication, understanding and participation. Another advantage of it the gesture will make you appear to be a more charismatic teacher. Putting yourself out there, fearlessly, shows confidence. The very important point about the gesture and movement can say your students will consequently be more interested and more inclined to retain what they’re being taught in the classroom.

In the final moment Dr Karwan asked one question and that was why it is necessary to know about body language in higher education.  The group members replied and all answers differed from each other and believe that the importance of body language is reflected in the ability to help people in the process of communication, it helps people have a better understanding of the overall situation, certainty of the learning process, get information, to understand the problem of students, for engaging, for awareness, promoting, support verbal language, getaway sleepy,  and thus adjust the content of the conversation and voice intonation. Body language is the best interpretation of the behavioral psychology of individuals and groups.

With Mr Miran at the initial lesson, we discussed our video tasks, which included some skills such as critical thinking, communication and problem-solving. In the interesting video, the man said that it was not completely improving these skills but that our brains should be developed. He said, produce one important program for developing the mindset of students, this program can design new things, and can attract customers.

In the video one important point, Ms Bakhan talked about it and was problem-solving. The students should be improved and develop the problem-solving skill associated with the videos example, one of the students asked her teacher to solve one problem. The teacher answered, why you are asking for help to solve this problem, and the teacher said that you should do it yourself to develop a solution to the problem. We can see the problem-solving skill is very important for doing an experiment and the teacher's goal was to be self-reliant, and to develop self-confidence.

The very interesting point in my opinion when he went to the class he said, everyone can be doing any work and a business, but at the same time, one of the students bothered and was upset about this. After the teacher said, you can take all the profits for yourself and then change the minds of the students. Show the students a willingness to do the task. In this story, we can learn how to engage the student's mind and how to get the students to think that they are ready to do any work or task.

The marketing orientation is the main object of the lesson, we discussed marketing and how can connecting with the study in the university as well as before any production or sales activities take place. About making and suggesting, several plans to create a high or comfortable person to get work and pursue marketing does not depend on the teacher. We have a smart and smart person in our province, but the government didn't need to do that.

Managers are not doing the real tasks, they are just following the political rules, which is different from this case. The president of our university and the deceased have been a soldier in recent decades, but after graduating from the evening university he gets his master's and doctorate degrees. I have a lot of respect for soldiers, and I want to say that an academic's mind quite has a different mind than that of a military man.  As a result, a real academic person needs to practice and make a professional student in university. Sometimes theory lessons are meaningless.

In the final year of my bachelor's study and project, me and my friend created an electrical turbine or small turbine. The one student created the gun and shooting, and could control by Wi-Fi, it was very important in our province because we see just guns and bullets, but the teachers and other people didn't care about it. I want to say, hundreds of students have the ability to create new things, but new ideas need money, and the government doesn't want to do.

In our lesson, Dr Karwan said at what time the students can use the mobile in the classroom. In my view, this question is very sensitive because sometimes the students or any person have responsibility or family and somethings is related to personality everyone must depend on it. The married persons to take care of the child it is possible to use the mobile. In my department, there is no light in the atomic lab, and the portable lamp must be used to perform the steps of the experiment, write the data on the worksheet and draw the graph. In the electrical lab to recording the videos to understand how was the circuits are connected. In these situations, are possible to use the mobile.

One of the questions was, how the teacher can use the mobile in the classroom. Many of the suggested benefits such as can be used a timer when the teacher wants to watch the show to know the time. When the projector has a problem, can connect the mobile to it to exhibit the lecture. Sometimes the submitting of homework immediately. In contrast, it is very bad to open this door to use the mobile because the mobile application has the worst effect on students’ minds.

The very important point we discussed in the seventh session, and I think everyone should know is the disadvantages of marking orientation education. I have little experience with the internal and apparent activity of the universities and institutes.  I was working in one of the universities in the Erbil, the universities appeared is very advanced and more interest in the reklam years and some routine activities, but really it was not true. The real stuff didn't have more differences with the other universities but the buildings, and some of the things looked very high quality. One year at Erbil Institute of Oil and Gas, the students were very bad and not smart. In the final exam, all the students passed, I was confused about how this could happen. I want to say the education quality in this province not proceed and very bad, due to old academic person, not comfortable personality, no responsibility. In Ukraine, the physics department does not exist, and instead of it, the physics college replaced it. The physics department is divided into four departments, electronics, light, medical and nuclear and that is the real and there was understand to proceeding the education and market orientation.

The Intellectual capital is the title of our lesson in the final session of module 5 with Dr. Karwan Ali and Mr. Miran. Can be defined as the result of mental processes that form a set of intangible objects that can be used in economic activity and bring income to its owner (organization), covering the competencies of its people (human capital), the value relating to its relationships (relational capital), and everything that is left when the employees go home (structural capital), of which intellectual property is but one component. The importance of this lesson can be summarizing in the following points.

1- The person or graduated student when working in the university or anywhere should be able to make a decision and taking responsibility.

2-For administration of the tasks should be able to perform and follow the instruction

3- For distillation of the field and works for understanding how to apply for the works and manage the administrations.

The very attract of sentenced as I heard in this module is, we need the person to tell as to how we doing or performing the steps not we telling him or her what he or she does. This sentence has a wide meaning for interpreting intellectual capital.

The human capital explores or is related to the persons who can manufacture and has a new capability according to new skills, and it is not a physical thing, it was based on experience. The ability of people to keep moving forward with new things with change according to different market situations. Many universities can open a new department and fully comply with market demands. Several universities have the program and the old program, I think is related to the conscience humans. The teacher's and university presidents' minds have two things, politicians and money. The market demands will change by the times and moments and many departments not necessarily open or to exist, besides of them the science departments have several problems which is obstacles to proceed.

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The third lecture talked about lecturing and included many things and important points related to the teacher. Mrs. Shagul talked about the teacher's closes. An individual’s personality can be revealed through appearance depending on the importance of clothing, and choice in clothing can communicate responsibility, status, power, and the ability to be successful. In students’ judgments, teachers’ formal dress represents competency and The dress allows the person speaking to take more authorization of ideas. The teacher should dress professionally enough to establish authority and to maintain professionalism. Mrs Roza talked about the slides during the lecture, the effect of number, colour and quality of slides are very strong on students minds. It is well known and studies also show that the impact of pictures is more effective than text. It's easy for students to keep information in their minds if they learn things by using visual tools. A typical PowerPoint presentation contains pictures, graphs, diagrams, and bullet points. It increases the memory capacity of the mind. It also helps students remember information for a long time. Mr Miran talked about using material and slides with the number of texts on student minds, I think the Roles Played By Instructional Materials In Teaching—Learning Activities. Instructional materials played a very important role in the teaching-learning processes which include.
i. Enhancement of the memory level of the students.
ii. To facilitate the teaching-learning process.
iii. For the improvement of student rate of accumulation.
iv. Serve as tools used by the teachers to correct wrong impressions and illustrate things that, learners cannot forget easily. v. Assist in giving the sense of reality to the body of knowledge under discussions.
vi. It gives lessons a personal look and encourages the teacher’s creativity.
vii. Permit the students and teachers to experience in concrete terms the learning activities that can promote the idea of self-evaluation. A workshop may introduce a new idea, inspire participants to further explore it on their own, or may illustrate and promote actual process practice. It is a great way to teach hands-on skills as it allows learners to try out new methods and fail in a safe environment. Mr. Miran discussed many things about the workshop such as define the goals and preparing the agenda of the main points of discussion and activities. Workshops and seminars help a person to develop a new skill set for a better future. Seminars, workshops, and conferences hold great importance in the life of a student. They are platforms not only to learn new aspects, others' perspectives, and the latest information, but also a good way of networking. Presenting a poster at a conference helps the student to gain soft skills which will be valuable in their academic career. A student pursuing post-graduation and wants to do a PhD can learn about the recent studies going in respective field and can explore new areas of research which will help him or her to choose their topic for research and they come to know about good laboratories and institution that they would like to work in future. By learning about new topics and meeting leaders in their field student feels encouraged and motivated.

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In the second lecture, we talked about students' innovation based on cooperation, communication, and critical thinking, and most of the members spoke about language. Dr. said. Karawan The English language is not the most important, but I have a different opinion.
Learning a language is a wonderful benefit. Not only does it help when traveling, but it is also a great advantage for studying in general and for career prospects abroad. Acquiring a second language enables us to develop various mental abilities at all ages.

1-Boosts Brain Power, A foreign language is a whole new intricate system of rules, structures, and lexis. Learning the new language means your brain has to cope with complexity as it makes sense of and absorbs new patterns. As our brains work out the meaning, endeavoring to communicate, we develop key learning skills such as cognitive thinking and problem-solving. Highly developed critical thinking skills are a significant benefit both personally and professionally. 2- Improves Memory, use it or lose it. How many times have you heard that phrase? It is a simple fact – the more the brain is used, the better its functions work. A new language requires not only familiarity with vocabulary and rules, but also being able to recall and apply this knowledge. Learning a language gives your memory a good work out in the brain gym. This means that multilingual people have brains that are more exercised and quicker to recall names, directions, facts, and figures.3-Enhances Decision-Making ability becomes an easier process for multilingual people. Aside from the rules and vocabulary that go with learning a foreign language, there are nuances and regional expressions that a student of language frequently judges for appropriateness and hidden meanings. Multilingual are more confident in their decision-making choices as a result of practice, practice, practice. I'm wondering for students with out English language how to search for collecting information and enhancing the mind. Everything you can achieve if you know English and at the same time our studying language is English we obligate that is my opinion. Another important point is practical and theoretical studying, Mr. Yad, Jamalladin, and Mrs. Bakhan talked about the practice in colleges and universities. In my opinion, without practical work, most of the departments like Physics, Chemistry and Engineering will not succeed.The knowledge you get is more important, than from where you get that knowledge. You can easily find examples of people who went or didn’t went to school but rather they went on to have a great success.

Theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge are like two sides of the coin, both are equally important. It is necessary to understand both the ends of the spectrum. It takes hours to acquire the art of practical techniques putting in the time to understand how these techniques fit into a larger context and how they work.

Theoretical knowledge means learning anything without adopting practical approach. It helps you understand why one technique is successful while the other fails. Theory teaches you the experience of others. Theoretical knowledge can give you a deeper understanding of a concept through seeing it in the context of understanding the why behind it.

Practical education is better because it makes you capable enough to know how things happen in the real world. The best part of practical application is whatever we learn through the practical way that knowledge will remain with us for a longer period. In practical application, we learn the facts in an interesting manner which are the best part of learning. If you enjoy your study then you will never get bored or feel nervous of it. Today our education system needs a practical approach therefore, they put prominence on the experience of ‘hands on learning’. Practical knowledge can give the best exposure of learning.

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Module 3.

The new module of the pedagogy course or the third module, namely Innovative pedagogy and assessment tools 28/6/20-21. First, we started answering two questions. The first question is, what does pedagogy mean to you, and my answer for this question, the pedagogy is the art of teaching it is important to understand how learning occurs. The second question we replied to is what would you expect to learn from innovative pedagogy and assessment tools. Each member has different expectations and opinions for an answer to this question. My answer is, the purpose of this module is to describe the desired learning outcomes of innovation pedagogy which supports innovations and regional development in higher education. Other members of this unit answer that: I expect to learn new ways of teaching different from the teaching process that was before, and the other answer is: I expect to learn more about effective teaching using some tools to get students to learn the lecture and love the lecture. After that Dr Karwan talked about the assessment tools for beginners or when the students for the first time come to university, I think it was a very useful tip, but it's a little hard to apply. Assessment tools are techniques used to measure a student’s academic abilities, skills, and/or fluency in a given subject or to measure one’s progress toward academic proficiency in a specific subject area.

Assessments can be either formal or informal. Informal assessments are often inferencing an educator draws as a function of unsystematic observations of a student’s performance in the subject matter under consideration. Formal assessments are objective measurements of a student’s abilities, skills, and fluency using screening, progress monitoring, diagnosis, or evaluation. Both types of assessments are important; however, only formal assessments are research, or evidence-based.

And talk about the orality of the new students when they first come to the university, the talk and discussion between the students and the teacher are not good or professional. I think this problem is due to bad culture and it has no priority. Miss Roza asked a question about the role of the teacher in the classroom. According to the new system or units of pedagogy the teacher is obliged to perform all the requirements of the student in the class, and this causes trouble and anxiety. Miss Shagul talked about her history in college, she said when I was a student, we have a rude teacher, and we can't understand very well because the teacher was not good at explaining and explaining the material. She said most of the time, we would go to another teacher if we had a question. She explained the conversation, she said at the same time that we had one teacher, and all the students or colleagues loved her because of her wellness ethic it was fun and exciting to talk. I think is it a good point for innovation and make an active student in the class, every person hates the rude talking and bad ethic, the teacher should care everything in the college and classroom and treating with the students. Miss Hanar talked about the displacement test on the first day of the new year, the morality and personal behavior are important for understanding how to approach our students. She talked about the level of students at the university and institute associated with information and intelligence.

Another important point discussed by Dr Karawan said that the paper sheet and the notes for the student are urgent in every lecture, and I mean this idea to bring the notebook. The student has nothing to bring to the class which means the student does not want to listen or teach the material.

Notetaking provides several benefits beyond that record of what was presented in a lecture or class activity. Effective notetaking:

Keeps you alert. Notetaking keeps your body active and involved and helps you avoid feelings of drowsiness or distraction.

Engages your mind. Listening carefully and deciding what to include in notes keeps your mind actively involved with what you hear.

Emphasizes and organizes information. As you take notes, you’ll decide on and highlight the key ideas you hear, identifying the structure of a class presentation. You’ll also be able to indicate the supporting points of a presentation, making study and understanding easier after class. Such organized notes also make it easier for you to link classroom learning to textbook readings.

Creates a condensed record for study. A set of concise, well-organized notes from each class session gives you what you need for study, learning, and review after class.

Mr. Miran talked about the topics of the unit, the first is teaching methods, the second is assessment tools, and the third is the creation of the third learning environment. In this section Mr Miran presents the state-of-the-art techniques on Computer Vision that are useful in a classroom, divided into several subsections, corresponding to useful approaches we have identified for monitoring students’ attention.Virtual Reality is the next big thing in Education and Training, it will create a new pedagogy to learn scientific theories which were hard to understand.

Benefits of Virtual Reality in Education:

Increase knowledge area

Active experience rather than just passive information

Helps to understand complex concepts, subjects or theories

No distractions while the study

Boosts student’s creativity

Expands learner’s efficiency to gain knowledge

Increase Interest toward boring subjects like science

Improve the understanding level of students

Improve teaching skills in teachers using VR by providing a deep level of knowledge.

Improving memory power by connecting feelings with education.

It takes very little time to understand very complex topics.

Get education as per book syllabus with its connecting environment and practical’s.

Fun, Virtual tour and existing game-based education.

Improve a Student’s Imagination power.