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Designar una persona para tomar el tiempo.

5 min dividir los materiales consultarlos, enfocarse en el Proceso de acidificación del Océano, Causas, consecuencias y soluciones.

5 min. Escriban tantas preguntas como puedan, no se detengan a responderlas, juzgarlas o discutirlas. Escribir una pregunta en cada cuadrito.

3 min. Ahora, en el cuadro de comentarios, Clasifíquenlas como Abiertas (A) o Cerradas (C).

5 min. Elijan una pregunta abierta, y en el cuadro de comentarios,  cámbienla a cerrada, y elijan una pregunta cerrada y en el cuadro de comentarios, cámbienla a abierta. En el cuadro de comentarios expliquen las ventajas y desventajas de las preguntas cerradas y abiertas respectivamente.

3 min. Decidan cuáles son las tres preguntas más importantes para ustedes. Ilumínenlas de verde y en el cuadro de comentarios justifiquen su decisión.

3 min. Descargar el Padlet como imagen y subir a la plataforma de Google Classroom.

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¿De verdad deberemos esperar a finales de siglo para que ph del agua marina sea tan ácido? (C)

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How pollution is changing the ocean’s chemistry

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As we keep pumping carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, more of it is dissolving in the oceans, leading to drastic changes in the water’s chemistry. Triona McGrath researches this process, known as ocean acidification, and in this talk she takes us for a dive into an oceanographer’s world. Learn more about how the “evil twin of climate change” is impacting the ocean -- and the life that depends on it.

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Across the globe, seawater chemistry is changing faster than at any time in earth's history. As increased carbon dioxide emissions dissolve into the ocean, its chemical makeup is altered, becoming more and more acidic. On average, seawater is 30% more acidic than it was 200 years ago. And while this change in chemistry - known as ocean acidification - may be invisible, its effects are not.

OA is further exacerbated by regional sources of pollution, such as stormwater runoff and local factory emissions. And it's already having devastating effects on marine organisms and ecosystems. In more acidic waters, shellfish and coral struggle to form their shells and skeletons, fish lose their ability to smell their predators, and crustaceans die before they can reproduce.

Ocean acidification is expected to cost the global economy more than USD$1 trillion per year by 2100.

Despite this great risk, those communities most vulnerable to OA - such as small islands or low income coastal areas - have no infrastructure in place to monitor and respond to the issue.

Our Initiative

The Ocean Foundation's International Ocean Acidification Initiative builds the capacity of scientists, policymakers, and communities to monitor, understand, and respond to OA both locally and collaboratively on a global scale. We do this by creating practical tools and resources that are designed to work all around the world.

Together with our partners, The Ocean Foundation designed a suite of equipment that cut the cost of monitoring ocean chemistry by 90%. To further facilitate the use of these new tools, we hold global trainings and provide long term support through equipment, stipends, and ongoing mentoring.

Since 2003, The Ocean Foundation's International Ocean Acidification Initiative has fostered innovation and developed strategic partnerships to support scientists, policymakers, and communities around the world. This work is governed by a four-pronged global strategy:

1. Monitor: Observing how, where, and how quickly is change occurring

2. Analyze: Studying current and future effects of ocean chemistry on natural and human communities

3. Engage: Building partnerships and coalitions with stakeholders

4. Act: Enacting legislation that supports science, mitigates OA and helps communities adapt

Our Work

The work of the IOAI, like all our work at TOF, aims to strengthen organizations around the world to help reverse the trend of ocean destruction. Within the IOAI, we do this by providing a combination of technical training, financial support, legal counsel, and direct distribution of field and lab equipment. Our goal is for every country in the world to have a robust national OA monitoring and mitigation strategy, driven by local experts to address local needs. In addition, we coordinate regional and international action to provide the necessary governance and financial frameworks needed to address this international problem.

In the past 5 years we have:

Led 8 regional scientific trainings for more than 150 scientists in Africa, the Pacific Islands, Latin America, and the Caribbean on the science of OA and how to conduct high quality monitoring and experiments

Provided 35 collaborative research and travel grants to scientists in lesser developed nations

Held 2 regional policy trainings and 1 national training for more than 50 policymakers to showcase specific legislative examples of action on OA and to help policymakers design legislative frameworks that best address their local needs

Published a comprehensive guidebook on ocean acidification legislation

Developed a new kit of monitoring equipment that reduced the cost of monitoring by 90%

Deployed 17 monitoring kits to 16 countries, establishing monitoring where it didn't exist before and filling critical knowledge gaps

Funded two coastal restoration projects to study how blue carbon, such as mangrove and seagrass, can mitigate ocean acidification locally

Formed formal partnerships with national governments and intergovernmental agencies to help coordinate large scale action

Assisted with passing two regional resolutions through formal UN processes to stimulate momentum

Provided drafting support to legislators in more than 7 U.S. states to produce and pass ocean acidification legislation

Launched the annual Ocean Acidification Day of Action and held two successful high profile events at the Embassies of Sweden and New Zealand in DC in order to build awareness and support for action on OA within the international diplomatic community

As we enter the next decade, we are energized by the requests we have received to help additional regions and nations take on ocean acidification through science and policy, we are hard at work to continue to develop low-cost and fit-for-purpose tools for monitoring and responding to ocean acidification, and we are confident that together with our partners we will achieve our vision of ensuring every nation can monitor, understand, and respond to ocean acidification.

"It is impossible to overstate the importance of the donation of the equipment and the training provided by TOF. STRI is the only organization in Panama that carries out high quality, long-term ocean chemistry monitoring. Until now, OA monitoring had only been carried out at one location in the Atlantic Ocean. We are now able to carry out the same monitoring at multiple locations in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans of Panama. This will be of critical importance to both the scientific community, as well as the nation of Panama"
Dr. Steve Paton, Director of the Office of Bioinformatics at STRI

The Bigger Picture

Ocean acidification is considered one of the greatest threats to the health of our ocean. Previous mass extinctions are correlated in the geologic record with increased ocean acidification. There is serious concern among the scientific community that OA could disrupt fisheries that support livelihoods and food security, and that biodiversity will likely decline significantly in the ocean.

Ocean acidification is caused globally by carbon dioxide emissions, and can be exacerbated locally by introduction of carbon into the water, such as through excess fertilization or waste water. In order to minimize and halt OA, global CO2 emissions must halt or significantly decline and local sources of carbon must be reduced. Reducing CO2 and local sources of carbon not only helps to stop ocean acidification - it halts climate change and improves coastal water quality. OA is therefore a grave threat to the ocean, but the solutions to OA will help us address the other major environmental stressors facing our ocean.

The approach we take through the IOAI is to support and strengthen actors all over the world in their individual fights to understand and address ocean acidification. Scientists and policymakers worldwide look to us for advice and support. This is an embodiment of our mission as the only community foundation for the ocean. Everything we do has strengthened the ability of scientists, policymakers, and ultimately communities to monitor, understand, and respond to OA.

Additional Resources

Channel

Ocean Acidification Day of Action

From the shallows to the depths of our blue planet, a crisis is occurring.

Article

A Movement to Understand Our Changing Ocean - Building Capacity in Africa to Monitor Ocean Acidification

Blog

Ocean Acidification - A Ubiquitous Problem

As Dr. Chris Langdon said at the meeting, "ocean acidification is not a future threat in Florida, it's a present problem, and it's only going to get worse."

Research

Ocean Acidification

The ocean absorbs a significant portion of our carbon dioxide emissions, which is changing the chemistry of the ocean at an unprecedented rate.

Guidebook

Ocean Acidification Guidebook for Policymakers

The Ocean Foundation's Ocean Acidification Guidebook for Policymakers is designed to provide already adopted examples of legislation and language to aid the drafting of new lawmaking to address ocean acidification.

Recent

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Ocean Acidification - The Ocean Foundation

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Across the globe, seawater chemistry is changing faster than at any time in earth's history. As increased carbon dioxide emissions dissolve into the ocean, its chemical makeup is altered, becoming more and more acidic. On average, seawater is 30% more acidic than it was 200 years ago.

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¿Será posible revertir el efecto de todo el daño a las aguas oceánicas o solo retrasaríamos lo inevitable? (A)

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¿Desde hace cuántos años han absorbido las aguas marinas el CO2 producido por nosotros? (A)

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¿Incluso si las autoridades mandatarias de varios países no le dan importancia al tema, será posible que podamos revertir todo esto? (C)

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C. ¿Cómo crearon el sistema para medir los niveles de pH?

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C. ¿Cómo medir la cantidad de CO2 que están presente en los cuerpos de las especies marinas?

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A. ¿Cómo comparar el nivel de acidez del océano a comparación de muchos años atrás?

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A. ¿Cómo es la adaptación de los seres vivos a la exposición del bajo pH?

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¿Con la información que se ha monitoreado, que soluciones se pueden obtener al problema? (A)

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¿Se ha presentado este fenómeno en algún punto de la historia del planeta? (C)

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¿Qué se puede hacer como individuos para evitar esto? (A)

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¿Las compañías grandes están haciendo algo para cambiar esto? (C)

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Las preguntas abiertas nos dan mucha información. Son útiles a la hora de considerar una cantidad amplia de datos. Las preguntas cerradas nos dan una respuesta fácil de entender, concisa, y muy explicita, sin necesidad de leer mucho.

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¿Qué acciones ha tomado el IOAI para atacar de manera directa la acidificación? (A)

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Las preguntas abiertas me son más importantes ya que pueden dar varias posibles soluciones a una problemática en lugar de solo decir si o no.