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- A collection of computers and devices connected together via communication device and transmission media to share resources.

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- The process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data. instruction and information.

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Consists of :

i) Sending Devices
- Initiates an instruction to transmit data, information and instruction.
ii) Receiving Devices
-Accepts the transmission of data, information and instruction.
iii) Communication Device
- Any type of hardware capable         of transmitting data, instructions and information that connects the sending device and receiving device to transmission media.

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-Transmission Media consists of materials or substances capable of carrying one or more signals.

Two types of Transmission Media
i) Wired / Physical
-Twisted pair cable
- Coaxial cable
- Fiber optic cable
ii) Wireless
- Broadcast radio
- Microwaves
- Communication Satellite

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Wap Acces Point
- A central communication that allows computers to transfer data wirelessly among themselves or to transfer data wirelessly to a wired network.

Routers
- Connects multiple computers or other routers together and transmit data to its correct destination on a network.

Hub and Switch
- A device that provides a central point for cables in a network

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Advantages of Network
1. Easy in sharing hardware
- Each computer or device on network can be provided acces to hardware on the network.

2. Easy in sharing software
- Users connected to network can access to the software on the network.

3. Easy in sharing data and information
- Any authorised users can access data and information stored on a network.

Disadvantages of Network
1. Attack by virus
- When computers are connected by a network, the virus can spread itself electronically at computer speeds.

2. Slow Service
- As users log onto the internet and requests files, send things to be printed and open more software applications the network can start to slow down.

3. High Cost
- Every work station need a network interface card to enable it to be connected to the network. Other hardwares such as hubs, switches, and routers are often needed.

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- The configuration of computers, devices and media on a network

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1. Peer-to-peer
- Each computer or mobile devices, called a peer have equal responsibilities and capabilities sharing hardware, data or information with other computers and mobile devices on the peer-to-peer mobile network.
- Suitable for small network. Connects fewer than 10 computers.
2. Client/server
- One or more computer acts as a server and the other computers on the network request services from the server.
- Clients are other computers and mobile devices on the network that rely on the server for its resources.
- Server controls access to the hardware, software and other resources on the network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data and information.

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Differences of peer-to-peer and client/server

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Differences of peer-to-peer and client/server

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Peer-to-peer
Advantages

Easy and inexpensive to set up

More reliable because failure of one peer will not affect the other

All the peers can share their resources to others.

Disadvantages

Lack of security control or other management functions

Data recovery or back up is very difficult. Each computer needs to maintain its backup.

Client/Server
Advantages

Centralized control by the server promotes better security and management of the network

Data backup and recovery is easier since all the data stored in the server.

Disadvantages

High cost to set up and maintain the network

Less reliable because too dependent on the server, failure of server will affect the operation of other network.

Network congestion may occur if too many clients request services from the server at the same time.

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Network are usually calssified as a local area network (LAN) and wide area network (WAN).

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Area of coverage - A network that connects computer and devices in a limited geographical area such as home. school, office building or closely positioned groups of building.

Connectivity – Computers are located within the same building usually connected through wires.

Ownership – Owned and controlled by a single person or organization.

# data[].attributes.body
Area of coverage – A network that covers a large geographical area such as city, country, or the world using variety wired or wireless tansmission media.

Connectivity – Computers connected via satellite or internet.

Ownership – Exist under collective ownership and management over long distances / no ownership/ public.