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1830: Age of Reform & Start of the Abolitionist Movement

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1830: Age of Reform & Start of the Abolitionist Movement

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During the 1820’s, a religious revival known as the Great Awakening swept the country: preachers rejected the idea of predestination, teaching salvation could be achieved by good works. This idea inspired many to work to improve their lives and society. In the beginning in the 1830’s, there was a social reform movement: the Age of Reform was a social reform movement which inspired many to work towards salvation through good works, like abolishing slavery. The Abolitionist Movement was formed to abolish America’s worst social problem: slavery. Abolitionists worked to convince Americans that slavery was immoral. Prior to 1831, most criticism of slavery came from Southerners, however, Nat Turner’s Rebellion ended all Southern criticism. Abolitionists, like William Lloyd Garrison, demanded “immediate emancipation without compensation”.

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Conflict erupted  in 1850 when California applied to the Union as a free state. Southerners were upset because California lay below the 36,30’ parallel, so they had assumed it would be a slave state and once again threatened to secede. However, Henry Clay,  came up with a compromise: California would be admitted to the Union as a free state, New Mexico and Utah would be allowed to choose whether they wanted to be slave or free.

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The Fugitive Slave Act came into being as a result of the Compromise of 1850. The act stated that anyone who tried to help a slave escape would be imprisoned; under the law, Northerns would be required to arrest any slave that they found trying to espace slavery.

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1850: Harriet Tubman Becomes a Conductor on the Underground Railroad

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1850: Harriet Tubman Becomes a Conductor on the Underground Railroad

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The Underground Railroad was a network of people committed to helping slaves to freedom in spite of the Fugitive Slave Act. One of the most famous conductors of the Railroad was Harriet Tubman, who was a former slave herself, and ultimately helped approximately 200 slaves to freedom.

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1852: Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle Tom's Cabin

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1852: Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle Tom's Cabin

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Harriet Beecher Stowe was an American abolitionist who wrote the novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin. The significance of the novel was that it brought sympathy for slaves and was a path to inspire Northerners to take action. So significant, that Abraham Lincoln  set up a meeting with Stowe and said, "So you're the woman who wrote the little book that made this great war."

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When Nebraska applied to the admittance to the Union, Congress decided to create the Kansas and Nebraska Act. It divided the Nebraska territory into their own two territories. So, between each territory it was up to them to choose whether or not they wanted slavery, known as popular sovereignty.

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Since the two territories with Kansas and Nebraska got to choose if they wanted slavery or not, many thought Nebraska (the northern of the two) would most likely be a free state. With that the race was on for Kansas. The Free Spoilers and slave owners poured into Kansas resulting in so much violence that the name "Bleeding Kansas" was granted.

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1854: Preston Brooks beats Charles Sumner

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1854: Preston Brooks beats Charles Sumner

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Violence taking place in Kansas soon brought it's way into the Senate where Preston Brooks struck Charles Sumner on the head with his cane multiple times. This event along with others, were believed to be some of the occurrences that lead to the American Civil War.