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The first aim is the role of depression and anxiety symptom severity in relation to process and social smartphone use.

Second, they tested process and social use as predictors of problematic smartphone use.

Finally, they explored the extent to which process and social smartphone use mediated relations between both depression and anxiety with problematic smartphone use.

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Practice:308 participants from Amazon's Mechanical Turk
Text1:32 participants from chinese worker
Text2:2,775 young adults (aged between 18 and 29 years)  in several European universities

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Practice ARC text:
The aim of the research is investigating two different types of smartphone usage named social use and process use whether related to psychopathology which include depression and anxiety.

ARC text1:
Aim:A qualitative approach to explore the symptoms of smartphone addiction among working adults in China and the psychological factors influencing such addiction could also help to develop a validated symptom-based instrument to measure smartphone addiction among working adults, in addition to examining the psychological factors influencing such addiction to address the problem.

ARC text2:
The research is to illustrate how adolescents in different countries in Europe use mobile phones and potential influence on perceived dependence on mobile phones.

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ARC text 2
The study looked at 2,775 young people (ages 18 to 29) recruited through postings from several European universities
First, the participants were grouped into four subsamples in accordance with geographical regions delineated by the United Nations Statistics Division. Second, the participants were grouped by individual country.

ARC text 1
Young workers from different occupations and gender groups were recruited and interviewed through convenience and snowball sampling techniques to obtain different perspectives. The concept derived from the interview data is to identify the topic and organize it to construct the results.

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Practice text: 308 participants

region: Amazon's Mechanical Turk internet labor market

Text 1: region: China , Participants: working adults.

Text2: 2,775 young
adults (aged between 18 and 29 years) recruited via
announcements in several European universities.

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The aim of the study has two aspects; firstly, to investigate mobile phone use and self-reported mobile phone dependence among young people in ten European countries, in a representative European region(north: Finland and The United Kingdom; The South: Spain and Italy; In the east: Hungary and Poland; West: France, Belgium, Germany and Switzerland). Secondly, to examine socio-demographic factors, geographic differences, mobile phone use patterns and preferred activities  and how to predict perceived dependence on mobile phone use.

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Text1： aim to answer （1）What are the symptoms of mobile phone addiction among employee in China?
（2）What psychological factors affect their smartphone addiction?

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study involved problematic smartphone use, chose Mturk as a recruitment platform in order to obtain a sample of avid smartphone users. Finally, tested Hypothesis 4 by examining four mediation paths

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Practice：
332 people participated in the study, choose mturk as a recruitment platform in order to obtain a sample of avid smartphone users

text1:
Semi-structured interviews, either face to face or via Skype (online), were conducted with 32 Chinese
workers. The collected data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach in Nvivo 10 software.