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Located directly behind the forehead. They have the motor function,  problem solving, social interaction, etc.

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Located directly behind the forehead. They have the motor function,  problem solving, social interaction, etc.

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Damange to the frontol lobe can lead to personality change and memory loss.

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Damange to the frontol lobe can lead to personality change and memory loss.

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The cerebrum is the largest part of your brain. In fact, when you're asked to visualize what the brain looks like, the cerebrum is probably what comes to mind.

The surface of the cerebrum appears grayish and wrinkled in many drawings. But, in fact, it's actually a beige color and doesn't have wrinkles; it has crevices, called sulci. It's separated into two hemispheres, the right and the left.

Each hemisphere has a set of four lobes. Lobes are large areas of your brain that have a certain location and are associated with a set of functions. Your lobes include the:

Your frontal lobes are located right behind your forehead and are responsible for many functions that are vital for performing your daily activities.

This article will take a closer look at the function of the frontal lobe as well as what happens when this area of the brain is injured.

Check out some interesting facts about your frontal lobe:

The frontal lobes are the largest of the lobes in your brain. They're located at the front of your brain. It's estimated they make up about one-third of your cerebrum.

The frontal lobe of primates, particularly humans, is much larger than those of other species. You might say the frontal lobe is the most important area for our various "human" skills, such as reasoning and language.

The frontal lobes are extensively connected with nerve pathways to other areas of the brain, reinforcing their importance in a vast array of functions. As such, damage to the frontal lobes may cause a "ripple effect" to other parts of the brain.

Your frontal lobes are the last areas of your brain to mature. In some cases, they may not be fully developed until your mid-30s.

The frontal lobes are important for movement. In fact, researchers have mapped the areas of the frontal lobes that control the movement of specific body parts. This map is called the motor homunculus.

The frontal lobe plays a role in many higher level functions of your brain. This can include:

voluntary movements (which are movements you control) of the opposite side of your body

sequencing of complex or multistep movements, such as getting dressed or making a cup of tea

speech and language production in the dominant frontal lobe (opposite your dominant hand)

attention and concentration

working memory, which involves processing recently acquired information

reasoning and judgment

organization and planning

problem-solving

regulation of emotions and mood, including reading the emotions of others

personality expression

motivation, including evaluating rewards, pleasure, and happiness

impulse control

controlling social behaviors

A famous case of frontal lobe damage is that of Phineas Gage. In 1848, Gage was injured in an explosion that caused a railroad spike to pierce his frontal lobe. The resulting injury caused drastic changes in Gage's personality and behavior.

As we've learned, the frontal lobe is responsible for many different types of functions. Because of this, damage to the frontal lobe can cause a variety of different symptoms depending on the area that's affected.

Some potential symptoms of frontal lobe damage can include:

loss of movement, either partial (paresis) or complete (paralysis), on the opposite side of the body

difficulty performing tasks that require a sequence of movements

trouble with speech or language (aphasia)

poor planning or organization

persistence with one behavior, way of thinking, or set of rules

difficulties with higher order functions like reasoning, problem-solving, and judgment

problems with maintaining attention or concentration

decreases in motivation

mood swings

impaired ability to initiate activities or interactions

drastic changes in personality or behavior, which can include apathy, irritability, and inappropriate social behavior

poor impulse control or lack of inhibition

A variety of factors can lead to damage of your frontal lobe, such as:

Treatment for damage to the frontal lobe depends on what's caused the damage to occur. If you have frontal lobe damage, your treatment plan may include a team of several types of healthcare professionals.

Some examples of potential treatments for frontal lobe damage include:

Physical therapy. Physical therapy can help you maintain or regain mobility, strength, and flexibility.

Occupational therapy. An occupational therapist can help you learn new strategies so you can more easily perform daily tasks and activities, like getting dressed, eating, or bathing.

Vocational counseling. This type of counseling can help you return to work and teach you ways to deal with various workplace demands.

Speech-language therapy. Speech-language therapy can aid in improving communication or teaching you how to use assistive devices.

Cognitive therapy. Cognitive therapy can help you work on skills like planning, judgment, and memory.

Psychological therapy. This can help improve relationships, emotional responses, and coping skills.

Surgery. Surgery may be recommended in cases when an injury or brain tumor is causing damage.

In some cases, the cause of the frontal lobe damage may be permanent. One example of this is neurodegenerative diseases. In these cases, treatment may also involve medications.

You have two frontal lobes: one in the right hemisphere of your brain and one in the left hemisphere of your brain. They're located in the area of the brain that's directly behind your forehead.

Your frontal lobes are vital for many important functions. These can include, but aren't limited to, voluntary movement, speech, and problem-solving. Damage to the frontal lobes can affect one or more of the functions of this area of your brain.

An injury, stroke, infection, or neurodegenerative disease most often causes damage to the frontal lobes. Treatment depends on the cause of the damage and typically involves several types of rehabilitative therapy.

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Frontal Lobe Function, Location in Brain, Damage, More

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The cerebrum is the largest part of your brain. In fact, when you're asked to visualize what the brain looks like, the cerebrum is probably what comes to mind. The surface of the cerebrum appears grayish and wrinkled in many drawings. But, in fact, it's actually a beige color and doesn't have wrinkles; it has crevices, called sulci.

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Located at the back upper area of the skull. It holds sensory information, like touch and taste.

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Located at the back upper area of the skull. It holds sensory information, like touch and taste.

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Parietal Lobe - Human Brain Series - Part 6

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Damage to the parietal lobe can lead to dysfuntion in the senses.

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Damage to the parietal lobe can lead to dysfuntion in the senses.

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The parietal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals. The parietal lobe is positioned above the temporal lobe and behind the frontal lobe and central sulcus.

The parietal lobe integrates sensory information among various modalities, including spatial sense and navigation ( proprioception), the main sensory receptive area for the sense of touch in the somatosensory cortex which is just posterior to the central sulcus in the postcentral gyrus, and the dorsal stream of the visual system. The major sensory inputs from the skin ( touch, temperature, and pain receptors), relay through the thalamus to the parietal lobe.

Several areas of the parietal lobe are important in language processing. The somatosensory cortex can be illustrated as a distorted figure - the cortical homunculus (Latin: "little man") in which the body parts are rendered according to how much of the somatosensory cortex is devoted to them. The superior parietal lobule and inferior parietal lobule are the primary areas of body or spatial awareness. A lesion commonly in the right superior or inferior parietal lobule leads to hemineglect.

The name comes from the parietal bone, which is named from the Latin paries-, meaning "wall".

The parietal lobe is defined by three anatomical boundaries: The central sulcus separates the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe; the parieto-occipital sulcus separates the parietal and occipital lobes; the lateral sulcus (sylvian fissure) is the most lateral boundary, separating it from the temporal lobe; and the longitudinal fissure divides the two hemispheres. Within each hemisphere, the somatosensory cortex represents the skin area on the contralateral surface of the body.

Immediately posterior to the central sulcus, and the most anterior part of the parietal lobe, is the postcentral gyrus ( Brodmann area 3), the primary somatosensory cortical area. Separating this from the posterior parietal cortex is the postcentral sulcus.

The posterior parietal cortex can be subdivided into the superior parietal lobule (Brodmann areas 5 + 7) and the inferior parietal lobule ( 39 + 40), separated by the intraparietal sulcus (IPS). The intraparietal sulcus and adjacent gyri are essential in guidance of limb and eye movement, and-based on cytoarchitectural and functional differences-is further divided into medial (MIP), lateral (LIP), ventral (VIP), and anterior (AIP) areas.

Functions of the parietal lobe include:

Two point discrimination - through touch alone without other sensory input (e.g. visual)

Graphesthesia - recognizing writing on skin by touch alone

Touch localization (bilateral simultaneous stimulation)

The parietal lobe plays important roles in integrating sensory information from various parts of the body, knowledge of numbers and their relations, and in the manipulation of objects. Its function also includes processing information relating to the sense of touch. Portions of the parietal lobe are involved with visuospatial processing. Although multisensory in nature, the posterior parietal cortex is often referred to by vision scientists as the dorsal stream of vision (as opposed to the ventral stream in the temporal lobe). This dorsal stream has been called both the "where" stream (as in spatial vision) and the "how" stream (as in vision for action). The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) receives somatosensory and visual input, which then, through motor signals, controls movement of the arm, hand, and eyes.

Various studies in the 1990s found that different regions of the posterior parietal cortex in macaques represent different parts of space.

The lateral intraparietal (LIP) area contains a map of neurons (retinotopically-coded when the eyes are fixed) representing the saliency of spatial locations, and attention to these spatial locations. It can be used by the oculomotor system for targeting eye movements, when appropriate.

The ventral intraparietal (VIP) area receives input from a number of senses (visual, somatosensory, auditory, and vestibular). Neurons with tactile receptive fields represent space in a head-centered reference frame. The cells with visual receptive fields also fire with head-centered reference frames but possibly also with eye-centered coordinates

The medial intraparietal (MIP) area neurons encode the location of a reach target in nose-centered coordinates.

The anterior intraparietal (AIP) area contains neurons responsive to shape, size, and orientation of objects to be grasped as well as for manipulation of the hands themselves, both to viewed and remembered stimuli. The AIP has neurons that are responsible for grasping and manipulating objects through motor and visual inputs. The AIP and ventral premotor together are responsible for visuomotor transformations for actions of the hand.

More recent fMRI studies have shown that humans have similar functional regions in and around the intraparietal sulcus and parietal-occipital junction. The human "parietal eye fields" and " parietal reach region", equivalent to LIP and MIP in the monkey, also appear to be organized in gaze-centered coordinates so that their goal-related activity is "remapped" when the eyes move.

Emerging evidence has linked processing in the inferior parietal lobe to declarative memory. Bilateral damage to this brain region does not cause amnesia however the strength of memory is diminished, details of complex events become harder to retrieve, and subjective confidence in memory is very low . This has been interpreted as reflecting either deficits in internal attention, deficits in subjective memory states, or problems with the computation that allows evidence to accumulate, thus allowing decisions to be made about internal representations.

Features of parietal lobe lesions are as follows:

Unilateral parietal lobe

Contralateral hemisensory loss

Astereognosis - inability to determine 3-D shape by touch.

Agraphaesthesia - inability to read numbers or letters drawn on hand, with eyes shut.

Contralateral homonymous Lower quadrantanopia

Asymmetry of optokinetic Nystagmus (OKN)

Sensory Seizures

Extinction phenomenon (contralateral)

Dominant hemisphere

Dysphasia/Aphasia

Dyscalculia

Dyslexia -a general term for disorders that can involve difficulty in learning to read or interpret words, letters, and other symbols.

Apraxia - inability to perform complex movements in the presence of normal motor, sensory and cerebellar function.

Agnosia (tactile agnosia) - inability to recognize or discriminate.

Gerstmann syndrome - Characterized by acalculia, agraphia, finger agnosia and difficulty in differentiation of right and left.

Non-dominant hemisphere

Spatial disorientation

Constructional apraxia

Dressing apraxia

Anosognosia - a condition in which a person suffering disability seems to be unaware of the existence of his or her disability.

Bilateral hemispheres

Damage to this lobe in the right hemisphere results in the loss of imagery, visualization of spatial relationships and neglect of left-side space and left side of the body. Even drawings may be neglected on the left side. Damage to this lobe in the left hemisphere will result in problems in mathematics, long reading, writing, and understanding symbols. The parietal association cortex enables individuals to read, write, and solve mathematical problems. The sensory inputs from the right side of the body go to the left side of the brain and vice versa.

The syndrome of hemispatial neglect is usually associated with large deficits of attention of the non-dominant hemisphere. Optic ataxia is associated with difficulties reaching toward objects in the visual field opposite to the side of the parietal damage. Some aspects of optic ataxia have been explained in terms of the functional organization described above.

Apraxia is a disorder of motor control which can be referred neither to "elemental" motor deficits nor to general cognitive impairment. The concept of apraxia was shaped by Hugo Liepmann about a hundred years ago.[clarification needed ] Apraxia is predominantly a symptom of left brain damage, but some symptoms of apraxia can also occur after right brain damage.

Amorphosynthesis is a loss of perception on one side of the body caused by a lesion in the parietal lobe. Usually, left-sided lesions cause agnosia, a full-body loss of perception, while right-sided lesions cause lack of recognition of the person's left side and extrapersonal space. The term amorphosynthesis was coined by D. Denny-Brown to describe patients he studied in the 1950s.

Can also result in sensory impairment where one of the affected person's senses (sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste and spatial awareness) is no longer normal.[clarification needed ] .

1. The cortical homunculus should not be confused with the more general ^ homunculus concept for a "spectator within the brain"; see work by psychologist David Marr for more information on this.

2. Schacter, D. L., Gilbert, D. L. & Wegner, D. M. (2009). Psychology. (2nd ed.). New York (NY): Worth Publishers.

3. Penfield, W., & Rasmussen, T. (1950). ^ The cerebral cortex of a man: A clinical study of localization of function. New York: Macmillan.

4. ^ Mishkin M, Ungerleider LG. (1982) Contribution of striate inputs to the visuospatial functions of parieto-preoccipital cortex in monkeys. Behav Brain Res. 1982 Sep;6(1):57-77.

5. ^ Goodale MA, Milner AD. Separate visual pathways for perception and action. Trends Neurosci. 1992 Jan;15(1):20-5.

6. Fogassi L, Luppino G. (2005).Motor functions of the parietal lobe. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 15:626-631.

7. ^ Kusunoki M, Goldberg ME (March 2003). "The time course of perisaccadic receptive field shifts in the lateral intraparietal area of the monkey". J. Neurophysiol. 89 (3): 1519-27. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.580.120. doi:10.1152/jn.00519.2002. PMID 12612015.

8. ^ Goldberg ME, Bisley JW, Powell KD, Gottlieb J (2006). Saccades, salience and attention: the role of the lateral intraparietal area in visual behavior. Prog. Brain Res. Progress in Brain Research. 155. pp. 157-75. doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)55010-1. ISBN 9780444519276. PMC . PMID 17027387.

9. Medendorp WP, Goltz HC, Vilis T, Crawford JD. (2003) Gaze-centered updating of visual space in human parietal cortex. ^ J Neurosci. 16;23(15):6209-14.

10. ^ Denny-Brown, D., and Betty Q. Banker. "Amorphosynthesis from Left Parietal Lesion." A.M.A. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 71, no. 3 (March 1954): 302-13.

11. ^ Murat Yildiz et al. "Parietal Lobes in Schizophrenia: Do They Matter?", Schizophrenia Research and Treatment Volume 2011 (2011)

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The parietal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals. The parietal lobe is positioned above the temporal lobe and behind the frontal lobe and central sulcus.

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Helps process affect, emotions, and language.

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Helps process affect, emotions, and language.

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Temporal Lobe  - Human Brain Series - Part 8

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Damage can cause the loss of being able to speak.

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Damage can cause the loss of being able to speak.

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The temporal lobe is part of the cerebral cortex. It plays a role in memory, enables people to process sound and vision, and is crucial for recognizing objects and language.

Dysfunction in the temporal lobe may cause dysfunction in the mind.

A few chronic conditions have an association with temporal lobe damage. Keep reading to learn more.

The temporal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cortex.

The temporal lobe sits at the bottom middle portion of the brain, just behind the temples within the skull, which is also where it gets its name. It also sits above the brain stem and cerebellum.

The frontal and parietal lobes are above the temporal lobe. The occipital lobe sits just behind it.

Key structures that are part of the temporal lobe include:

These structures also span other lobes. For example, Wernicke's area extends into the parietal lobe, and Broca's area is part of the frontal lobe.

The function of the temporal lobe centers around auditory stimuli, memory, and emotion.

The temporal lobe contains the primary auditory complex. This is the first area responsible for interpreting information in the form of sounds from the ears.

The temporal lobe receives different frequencies, sounds, and pitches from the ears, and gives them meaning.

As part of this process, the temporal lobe is responsible for selective hearing in humans. Selective hearing helps filter out the unnecessary frequencies so that a person can focus on the important sounds from the environment.

There is a visual aspect to the temporal lobe as well. The temporal lobe helps establish object recognition, including complex objects, such as faces.

Lastly, the temporal lobe plays a role in understanding and giving meaning to language. This makes language distinguishable and understandable.

Limbic system

The temporal lobe is a significant part of the limbic system. The limbic system is involved with motivation, emotion, learning, and memory.

While the limbic system interacts with other areas of the brain, it works directly with the temporal lobe to influence the components of the limbic system.

The limbic system itself contains important structures, including the amygdala and hippocampus. These structures are responsible for key processes in the brain, such as memory, learning, and attention.

The temporal lobe interacting with these structures also plays a role in memory, helping to form conscious long-term memory.

Because of the connection to the limbic system, the temporal lobe contributes to a number of automatic states and bodily functions. This includes states of sexual arousal, anxiety levels, and appetite, among others.

Broca's area

Broca's area is the region within the temporal lobe strongly responsible for a person's ability to speak and use language with fluency.

Wernicke's area

Wernicke's area is a region within the dominant side temporal lobe. It is responsible for processing and giving meaning to speech and the written word. Wernick's area helps a person understand speech and language.

The temporal lobe plays a role in numerous functions in the brain. As such, damage in the temporal lobe may produce a wide variety of symptoms.

Damage in the temporal lobe may lead to one or more presenting symptoms. A person with damage in the temporal lobe may experience issues, including:

impaired verbal and nonverbal memory

impaired musical skills

impaired speech and ability to understand speech

impaired learning

difficulty planning

trouble with direction

a state of apathy or indifference

trouble recalling visual stimuli

inability to recognize faces or familiar objects

changes in hunger and thirst

poor impulse control and addiction

deafness

one or more types of hallucination, such as visual, auditory, or olfactory

amnesia

Severe damage to the temporal lobe may potentially cause life threatening bleeding or clotting.

Additionally, there may be a link between temporal lobe damage and a few different disorders and conditions.

Dyslexia

There may be a link between dyslexia and the temporal lobe.

Dyslexia causes a person to experience difficulty reading, as the brain has trouble giving meaning to language. The person may struggle with word or sound recognition and may have difficulty pairing certain sounds in language to their meanings.

People with dyslexia may have reduced activity in their left temporal lobes.

Learn more about dyslexia here.

Wernicke's aphasia

Wernicke's aphasia, or receptive aphasia, impairs a person's ability to understand or use language. They may misuse words or speak in a way that does not make sense.

Wernicke's aphasia often occurs in people who have had an ischemic stroke in the temporal lobe.
Learn more about Wernicke's aphasia here.
Temporal lobe epilepsy

Temporal lobe epilepsy is one of the common forms of partial epilepsy in adults, as a study in Imaging Brain Diseases notes. The condition causes uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain that can lead to seizures.

Pick's disease

Pick's disease, or frontotemporal dementia, is a less common form of dementia, that damage or atrophy in the front and temporal lobe causes.

The condition may include changes to states such as mood, attention levels, or irritated or aggressive behaviors.

A person with Pick's disease may also lose the ability to use language correctly. They may not be able to speak or recognize speech. They may also lose the ability to read or write and may experience a general loss of vocabulary.

Schizophrenia

There is a link between schizophrenia and deficit or damage in the temporal lobe, within the primary auditory cortex in the left temporal lobe.

This condition can cause some of the major symptoms of schizophrenia, including hearing external voices or other auditory hallucinations.
Learn more about schizophrenia here.
The temporal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cortex. It is primarily responsible for interpreting sounds from the ears and plays a significant role in recognizing and using language.

The temporal lobe also helps with object recognition and interacts with other structures to create new and long term memories.

Dysfunction or damage in the temporal lobe may cause varying symptoms throughout the body, including memory impairments, changes in the emotional state, and hallucinations.

Quick detection and treatment of any damage in these areas are crucial to help give the best outlook.

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Temporal lobe: Definition, function, diagrams, and linked conditions

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The temporal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex. It is the lower lobe of the cortex and has associations with several conditions. Learn more.

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Helps with your seeing color, shape, and location of objects.

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Helps with your seeing color, shape, and location of objects.

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Damage can cause loss of seeing and hillusinations.

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Damage can cause loss of seeing and hillusinations.

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The occipital lobe is the part of the brain responsible for interpreting information from the eyes and turning it into the world as a person sees it. It helps determine distance, depth, color, and other aspect of vision.

The occipital lobe has four different sections, each of which is responsible for different visual functions.

Disorder in the occipital lobe may cause disorder in the vision or the brain itself. There may also be a link between the occipital lobe and conditions such as epilepsy.

Read on to learn more about the occipital lobe, including its specific functions.

The occipital lobe is one of the four major brain lobe pairs in the human brain. The occipital lobe is so named because it rests below the occipital bone of the skull. It is also the smallest of the lobes.

There are actually two occipital lobes - one on each hemisphere of the brain. The central cerebral fissure divides and separates the lobes.

The occipital lobes are located on the rear part of the upper brain. They sit behind the temporal and parietal lobes and above the cerebellum, separated from the cerebellum by a membrane called the tentorium cerebelli.

The surface of the occipital lobe is a series of folds, including ridges called gyri and depressions called sulci. Because there is no ordered structure to the occipital lobe, scientists use these sulci and gyri to identify the area of the lobe.

Apart from these, there are no structural distinctions in the lobes. Scientists separate the lobes further based on basic function.

The occipital lobe itself contains different sections, or areas, and each of these has a different set of functions. These include:

In general, the occipital lobe deals with aspects of vision, including:

distance

depth perception

color determination

object recognition

movement

face recognition

memory information

Humans also have binocular perception due to the fact that the occipital lobes on either hemisphere also receive visual information from both of the retinas.

Because this combines two images into one image in the brain, it helps give more depth and provide spatial awareness of the environment.

That said, the visual world is highly complex. Because of this, the process of decoding this information is also very complex.

The sections below will discuss the different sections of the occipital lobe in more detail.

Primary visual cortex

The primary visual cortex, called Brodmann area 17 or V1, receives information from the retina. It then interprets and transmits information related to space, location, motion, and color of objects in the visual field.

It does this through two different pathways called streams: the ventral and dorsal streams.

Secondary visual cortex

The secondary visual cortex - called Brodmann area 18 and 19 or V2, V3, V4, V5 - receives information from the primary visual cortex. The secondary visual cortex deals with much of the same type of visual information.

Ventral stream

The ventral stream is one pathway the primary visual cortex uses to send information. It takes information to the temporal lobe, which interprets the information and helps the brain give meaning to objects in the field of vision.

This helps with object recognition and gives conscious awareness to what a person is seeing.

Dorsal stream

The dorsal stream is the other pathway the primary visual cortex uses to send information. It shares information about an object's location and carries it to the parietal lobe, which takes in other information about the space and shape of objects in the field of vision.

Lateral geniculate bodies

The lateral geniculate bodies take part of the raw information from the outer part of the retina to the visual cortex.

Lingula

The lingula gathers general information about the field of vision from the inside half of the retina.

The combination of information from the lateral geniculate bodies and the lingula helps create spatial awareness and gives depth to the visual information.

Other contributing sections

Although modern science has revealed much about how the occipital lobe reveals the visual world, researchers are still learning new information about the occipital lobe and exactly how it functions.

No section of the brain is truly independent, and this includes the occipital lobe. For example, the occipital lobe takes information from the retina in the eye and translates it into the visual world. As such, it relies heavily on the eyes themselves.

The eyes themselves also have muscles that need controlling. The motor cortex in the brain is responsible for these movements, therefore also playing a role in vision.

The temporal and occipital lobes share important interactions, as well. The temporal lobe gives meaning to the interpreted visual information from the occipital lobe. It also stores the information, to a degree, in the form of memories.

In some cases, it may also be possible for other sections of the brain to compensate for any damage affecting the occipital lobe.

Dysfunction in the occipital lobe may lead to one or more dysfunctions in the brain, vision, or everyday functioning. It may cause or contribute to any of the following conditions.

Blindness

Because the occipital lobe deals with vision, one possible result of damage in this area is full or partial blindness. Loss of sight is not always straightforward, however, and the person may instead lose one or more specific functions of their vision.

Anton syndrome

Anton syndrome is a rare form of blindness that occurs without the person being aware of it. They may deny their vision loss, even if a healthcare professional presents evidence showing that they have vision loss.

Riddoch syndrome

Riddoch syndrome is a rare condition in which a person is only able to see moving objects. Stationary objects simply do not appear in their field of vision. The person can also not perceive shape or color.

Epilepsy

Epilepsy shares a link with the occipital lobe in some cases. If a person is more prone to occipital-type seizures or photosensitivity seizures, flashes of light or images that contain multiple colors may trigger these seizures.

Other forms of dysfunction

The type of dysfunction to affect the body can vary based on where the dysfunction or injury occurs in the occipital lobe. Some possible examples include:

difficulty recognizing everyday objects

trouble understanding basic colors, shapes, or sizes

difficulty recognizing familiar faces

difficulty balancing, moving, or standing

visual hallucinations, such as flashes of light

changes in depth perception

difficulty detecting moving objects

difficulty reading or writing, due to trouble recognizing words

The occipital lobe is one of the four major lobes in the mammalian brain. The occipital lobe is mainly responsible for interpreting the visual world around the body, such as the shape, color, and location of an object.

It then relays this information to other parts of the brain, which give this visual information its meaning.

Dysfunction in the occipital lobe may cause a number of bodily dysfunctions, such as irregular vision, difficulty standing, and blindness. Some conditions, such as epilepsy, may also have a link to dysfunction in the occipital lobe.

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Occipital lobe: Definition, function, and linked conditions

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The occipital lobe is the part of the human brain responsible for interpreting information from the eyes. Learn more about it here.