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AWL highlighter & gapfill Find academic words in a text

Use this tool to highlight words from the AWL (Academic Word List). Enter the text in the box below then click 'submit'. If you want to use the gapfill maker (below), you will need to input and highlight the text first. You may also like to try the AWL tag cloud, which is a companion to this page. For a more detailed look, including number of words and percentages, try the Vocabulary Profiler.

For more on AWL highlighters, check out the YouTube video ".

The highlighted text will appear here.

Sorted word list (by sublist) will appear below.

Wordlists Sorted by sublist

Gapfill maker Choose your flavour

Create a gapfill for the above text. Choose from these different types:

a simple gap fill, with blanks only (you will need the words above to complete it)

a head word gapfill, in which each of the academic words will be replaced by the head word (or by another word form if the replaced word is itself a headword)

a word family gapfill, in which each of the academic words will be replaced by another word from the same word family

Gapfill will appear here.

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Use this tool to highlight words from the AWL (Academic Word List). Enter the text in the box below then click 'submit'. If you want to use the gapfill maker (below), you will need to input and highlight the text first. You may also like to try the AWL tag cloud, which is a companion to this page.

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Although most of this site is open access, some pages require users to be logged in to view the content. Before you can register, you must read and agree to the terms and conditions below.

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https://ieltsonlinetests.com/

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Free IELTS Online Practice Tests | IELTS Online Tests

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Free IELTS Online Practice Tests | IELTS Online Tests

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Free online IELTS practice tests for 2023. Prepare for real IELTS practice tests by taking mock IELTS tests based on actual IELTS tests.

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Emel

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German Coastguard Sinking - Learn English Commercial

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Let's look at real data in the news  13/9/21

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Let's look at real data in the news  13/9/21

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Follow this link and see what data you can discover.
Be ready to show and tell about something you find this week

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Latest Data news, comment and analysis from the Guardian, the world's leading liberal voice

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Free Online IELTS Practice & Sample Tests | Take IELTS

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Our free online IELTS practice tests with answers will help improve your listening, reading, writing and speaking IELTS exam performance.

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The TH Sound in English -  New and IMPROVED Lesson

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Post transcripts of your recording transcripts with the Otterai app here .

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Post transcripts of your recording transcripts with the Otterai app here .

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emilner@stgiles.co.uk

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About the Cambridge LMS

The Cambridge Learning Management System (CLMS) is a robust platform that holds course content, materials and administration in one user-friendly online system. It allows teachers to easily manage classes and track their students' progress, highlighting areas of strength and weakness for ongoing performance improvement.

What's more, it creates an environment where students can interact with content, collaborate with other learners and communicate with their teacher outside the classroom. Through using the CLMS over 37 weeks, Anadolu University in Turkey saw a 1418% increase in student participation.

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The Cambridge Learning Management System (CLMS) is a robust platform that holds course content, materials and administration in one user-friendly online system. It allows teachers to easily manage classes and track their students' progress, highlighting areas of strength and weakness for ongoing performance improvement.

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Writing 2 counts as double
Writing 1 as 1  so
double writing 2 score, add writing 1 and divide by 3!

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Learn about how your IELTS writing test is scored. Many students ask me if writing task 1 and task 2 are worth the same points and how the examiner gives a final total score. This page will explain how your score is calculated for IELTS writing.

No. Writing task 1 and writing task 2 are marked individually. The marking criteria are not exactly the same. The examiner will give you a band score for writing task 1 and a band score for writing task 2. After that, your final IELTS writing band score is calculated.

No, they are not. Writing task 2 is worth more than writing task 1. You get twice the points for writing task 2 than you get for writing task 1. In other words, writing task 2 is about 60% of your marks and writing task 1 is about 30%.

For example:

Writing task 1 = band score 8

Writing Task 2 = band score 6

Total Writing Score = 6.5

You can calculate your own score: 8 + 6 + 6 = 20/3 = 6.66. Take one task 1 score and two task 2 scores and divide by 3.
Please note that these scores are only estimated calculations. I do not have access to the precise scoring used by IELTS. Your estimated score will be accurate within 0.5 band score.
No. It's a shame but IELTS don't release that information. So you won't know what score you got for which task. You will only be told the total final score for all your writing.

No. Each writing task 1 is scored using 4 assessment criteria. Each of the criteria is worth 25% of your marks for that task. 3 of those marking criteria are the same for task 1 and task 2. But one of the marking criteria is different See below:

Task Achievement (Writing Task 1 Only): Information, Overview, Key Features

Task Response (Writing Task 2 Only): Ideas, Addressing the Task, Conclusion, Developing Ideas

Coherence & Cohesion: Paragraphing, Linking and Referencing

Grammatical Range & Accuracy: Sentence Structures, Tenses, Punctuation, Number of Errors

Lexical Resource: Vocabulary, Collocations, Spelling, Number of Errors

IELTS Writing Task 2 Scoring & Tips IELTS Writing Task 1 Scoring & Tips All IELTS Band Scores Explained

Main IELTS Pages
Develop your IELTS skills with tips, model answers, lessons, free videos and more.

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IELTS Writing Scoring: Are task 1 and task 2 equal value?

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Learn about how your IELTS writing test is scored. Many students ask me if writing task 1 and task 2 are worth the same points and how the examiner gives a final total score. This page will explain how your score is calculated for IELTS writing. No.

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Learn how your IELTS writing task 1 is marked and the difference between band scores 5, 6, 7 and 8. The examiner will mark your writing on the 4 marking criteria below. Also, get useful tips to learn how to increase your band score by fulfilling the requirements of each marking criteria.

The examiner will assess your writing on the 4 marking criteria below. Each criterion is worth 25% of your total marks for writing task 1.

Task Achievement

Coherence and Cohesion

Lexical Resource (Vocabulary)

Grammatical Range and Accuracy

Below are tables to show you the requirement for IELTS band score 5 to 8 in writing task 1 for each assessment criterion. At the bottom of the page is more information about the marking criteria.

The examiner will check your information, overview, detail and accuracy.( click table to enlarge)

You can increase your score, if you:

analyse the chart and identify all key features

highlight your key features in an overview (see table above)

supporting your body paragraph with data (numbers and dates if possible)

avoid putting in information which is wrong

avoid an opinion

write a factual report

write over 150 words (penalty for under word count)

watch my overview or conclusion lesson

Your organisation of information, your paragraphing and your use of linking devices will be marked.(click table to enlarge)

You will increase your score, if you:

plan where to put your information

have four body paragraphs (structure and paragraphing)

use a range of linking devices

avoid mistakes with linking words

use referencing (this, it, etc)

Your use of vocabulary, your spelling and the number of mistakes will affect your score.( click table to enlarge)

Your score will increase, if you:

use a range of vocabulary (useful task 1 vocabulary)

use vocabulary for presenting accurate data(click for list)

understand collocations (matching verbs with nouns)

avoid spelling mistakes

don't use the wrong words or informal language

You will get a band score for your sentence structures, tenses, control of grammar and the number of mistakes.( click table to enlarge)

You will increase your score, if you:

use a range of sentence structures

use the right tense for the chart given to you

use the right word order
adjective noun / verb adverb

avoid mistakes (see table above to learn how mistakes affect your score)

use the right punctuation

You will get a band score for each of the above criteria and then a total score for task 2. Here's an example:

Task Achievement: Band 7

Coherence & Cohesion = Band 8

Grammar: Band 6

Vocabulary: 7

Total Score for IELTS Writing Task 1: 7 + 8 + 6 + 7 = 28/4 = 7. To calculate your score, add all scores together and divide by 4.

To learn about band scores 1-9, please see the public band score descriptors for writing task 1 published by IELTS. All information above is taken from the descriptors published by IELTS.

IELTS Writing Task 2 Band Scores 5 to 8: Differences & Tips All IELTS Band Scores Explained
Recommended

Main IELTS Pages
Develop your IELTS skills with tips, model answers, lessons, free videos and more.

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How IELTS Writing Task 1 is Scored: Band Scores 5 to 8 with Useful Tips

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Learn how your IELTS writing task 1 is marked and the difference between band scores 5, 6, 7 and 8. The examiner will mark your writing on the 4 marking criteria below. Also, get useful tips to learn how to increase your band score by fulfilling the requirements of each marking criteria.

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Learn how your IELTS writing task 1 is marked and the difference between band scores 5, 6, 7 and 8. The examiner will mark your writing on the 4 marking criteria below. Also, get useful tips to learn how to increase your band score by fulfilling the requirements of each marking criteria.

The examiner will assess your writing on the 4 marking criteria below. Each criterion is worth 25% of your total marks for writing task 1.

Task Achievement

Coherence and Cohesion

Lexical Resource (Vocabulary)

Grammatical Range and Accuracy

Below are tables to show you the requirement for IELTS band score 5 to 8 in writing task 1 for each assessment criterion. At the bottom of the page is more information about the marking criteria.

The examiner will check your information, overview, detail and accuracy.( click table to enlarge)

You can increase your score, if you:

analyse the chart and identify all key features

highlight your key features in an overview (see table above)

supporting your body paragraph with data (numbers and dates if possible)

avoid putting in information which is wrong

avoid an opinion

write a factual report

write over 150 words (penalty for under word count)

watch my overview or conclusion lesson

Your organisation of information, your paragraphing and your use of linking devices will be marked.(click table to enlarge)

You will increase your score, if you:

plan where to put your information

have four body paragraphs (structure and paragraphing)

use a range of linking devices

avoid mistakes with linking words

use referencing (this, it, etc)

Your use of vocabulary, your spelling and the number of mistakes will affect your score.( click table to enlarge)

Your score will increase, if you:

use a range of vocabulary (useful task 1 vocabulary)

use vocabulary for presenting accurate data(click for list)

understand collocations (matching verbs with nouns)

avoid spelling mistakes

don't use the wrong words or informal language

You will get a band score for your sentence structures, tenses, control of grammar and the number of mistakes.( click table to enlarge)

You will increase your score, if you:

use a range of sentence structures

use the right tense for the chart given to you

use the right word order
adjective noun / verb adverb

avoid mistakes (see table above to learn how mistakes affect your score)

use the right punctuation

You will get a band score for each of the above criteria and then a total score for task 2. Here's an example:

Task Achievement: Band 7

Coherence & Cohesion = Band 8

Grammar: Band 6

Vocabulary: 7

Total Score for IELTS Writing Task 1: 7 + 8 + 6 + 7 = 28/4 = 7. To calculate your score, add all scores together and divide by 4.

To learn about band scores 1-9, please see the public band score descriptors for writing task 1 published by IELTS. All information above is taken from the descriptors published by IELTS.

IELTS Writing Task 2 Band Scores 5 to 8: Differences & Tips All IELTS Band Scores Explained
Recommended

Main IELTS Pages
Develop your IELTS skills with tips, model answers, lessons, free videos and more.

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How IELTS Writing Task 1 is Scored: Band Scores 5 to 8 with Useful Tips

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Learn how your IELTS writing task 1 is marked and the difference between band scores 5, 6, 7 and 8. The examiner will mark your writing on the 4 marking criteria below. Also, get useful tips to learn how to increase your band score by fulfilling the requirements of each marking criteria.

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This lesson is to practice map completion for IELTS listening. First, there is some sentence completion and then you must do the map completion exercise.

Tips for Maps

1. Check the location of each number on your map

2. Think of language that might be used to describe that location

3. Look for any arrows on the map

4. Answers to questions will come in order (the answer for question 1 will come before the answer for question 2 in the recording)

5. Most map recordings are similar to a guided tour which follows a logical order

6. Don't be distracted by extra information

7. Don't forget to make notes - you can write all over your question paper
when you make notes, avoid writing long words - just use abbreviations or simple letters

Map Listening Practice: The Taj Mahal
Questions 1-2
Complete the sentences below using no more than one word and/or a number.

1. The Taj Mahal was completed in .................

2. Around ............ labourers were used in its creation.

Questions 3-7
Label the map below using no more than two words and/or a number.

Transcript

Welcome to the Taj Mahal. This is one of the most famous monuments to love in the world. It was built between 1631 and 1653 in the city of Agra by the Mughal Emperor Shah as a mausoleum for his wife. The construction involved some 20,000 workers and incorporated materials from China, Tibet, Sri Lanka and Arabia.

We are here at the Outer Gate and directly in front of us is the forecourt. On the left hand side of the forecourt, you will see some subsidiary tombs and opposite that are the tomb attendants' quarters. If you go straight ahead, you will come to the Great Gate and beyond that is the formal gardens. The gardens are divided into 4 sections by paths which represent the 4 rivers of paradise. Midway, where the paths intersect, is a marble pond, in which the mausoleum is beautifully reflected. Walking through the gardens, past the pond, you will come to the mausoleum itself which has a marble dome, 35m high. Each side of the building has archways which are framed by carefully chosen verses from the Qur'an in beautifully stylised calligraphy. To the left of this, is the mosque and to the right you can find a guesthouse. Now I'll give you some time to wander round and see this marvel for yourself.

1. 1653

2. 20,000

3. forecourt (you must have the correct spelling)

4. Great Gate (capital letters not important - see IELTS Exam FAQ page)

5. pond / marble pond

6. mausoleum

7. guesthouse / guest house

IELTS Listening: Free Practice and Tips
Click to see IELTS Listening Tips

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This lesson is to practice map completion for IELTS listening. First, there is some sentence completion and then you must do the map completion exercise.

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Remember it is a great way to expand your English by exploring new experiences with new people.
It is also good to relax and have fun with other people while you are living abroad, to combat any homesickness and broaden your horizons!

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Writing 2 (250 words)
'In many large cities, some people waste hours of their time every day because of traffic congestion on the roads.
What do you think are the causes of this?
What solutions can you suggest?'
Give reasons for you answer and include any relevant examples from your knowledge and experience.

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The maps below illustrate  the changes experienced by the town of Harton at the beginning of the 21st, between 2006 and 2008

First of all the similarities between 2006 and 2008 . Scince 2006 resident area room didn’t change place  , also the school and The river.

On the other hand there is got of changes during the years

Deema Alhammadi

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See if you can find the audio recorder and add a recording of you doing one of the three parts of the IELTS speaking exam 

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See if you can find the audio recorder and add a recording of you doing one of the three parts of the IELTS speaking exam 

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Great improvement on the first recording of this talk.
Being calmer and less out of breath is definitely key for a better performance on the day. You use a great range of vocabulary and linking phrases.
Take care to pronounce the end of the word ' describe' with the final 'b' . Also, look up the pronunciation of 'dilemma' to listen to the English pronunciation, it is different to the equivalent Spanish word.

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Post your audio recordings of you doing this part 2 topic card talk from today's lesson.
Remember to listen to it first and decide if you are happy with it.
Also, put your name on it please.

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Examples of students taking the speaking test. Watch someone aiming for the same band as you. What do they do well? Can you steal anything from them? :-)

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Share your videos with friends, family, and the world

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Practice tests for the computer based IELTS test

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Practice tests for the computer based IELTS test

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If you're planning to take the computer based IELTS test, the British Council have created these sample tests so you can see how the technology works.

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These IELTS on computer practice tests will help you decide which options you prefer and prepare you for the IELTS Listening, Reading and Writing sections.

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Well Done Safar! Great progress since the last recorded talk.
You are much more confident this time and give lots of good detail with a good balance between accuracy and fluency.
Keep working on linking phrases. For example, 'Next I'd like to talk about....'

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Well done! Great first go at this mini talk task and recording yourself. You took care to show off a high level of vocabulary and to pronounce words clearly.
The ending of 'saint' the final t sound needs to be clearer, 'facade' is a French English word so pronunciation is a bit tricky, look it up and listen to the pronunciation of this word.

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Emily's reading Tuesday                                      'What to do with old technology?   

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Emily's reading Tuesday                                      'What to do with old technology?   

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The article was from my 'Which?' magazine, a well-known monthly consumers' publication that informs its readers about 'Best Buys'. In other words, which are the most successful products in terms of quality and cost but also now how to consume in a more environmentally friendly way. So it was quite a factual article with interesting graphics to illustrate the data.

This article was more than a double-page spread about what people do with their old devices; televisions, laptops, phones, smart watches and fitness trackers.

It was interesting to see that many people still have their old phones whereas when it comes to televisions they tend to sell them and with old laptops they are given away to family / friends or charity.

I think the article was aiming to raise people's awareness to the fact that many people would benefit from our old phones and that there are charities that do this. Also, perhaps people are unaware of how they can recyle or dispose of these kinds of technology.

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I read this article from the left-wing newspaper online, 'The Guardian'. Its from the opinion section which is often very opinionated!
The writer is very anti-Facebook and criticizes the company and Mark Zuckerburg for a whole range of reasons. It is all about the relaunching of the company under a new name and a video that included its founder as an avatar selling his new metaverse world!

I spent about 20 minutes skimming through it super fast to get the  basic gist of it all, to write up this report and to look up one new term for me . See below & spot the Shakespeare reference in the sentence from the text!

moniker /ˈmɒnɪkə/ noun INFORMAL

1. a name.  "his real moniker is Dave Kennedy"

A rose by any other name would smell as sweet, but Facebook is going to have to do a lot more than give itself a new moniker to air out its pervasive odour of evil.

First Known Use of moniker  1851,

History and Etymology for moniker
probably from Shelta (language of Irish itinerants) mŭnnik, modification of Irish ainm

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acebook". The word paints a thousand pictures, every one of them a portrait of some element of the human condition I could happily live without. Message requests from veterans in Montana that read, "Hello beautiful Lady." A friend's mum reposting an announcement about the increased risk of dog-napping in a town 200 miles from where she lives. Suggested posts for things I have no interest in: classic cars, muay thai and the Duchess of Cambridge. Pages where guys can share pictures of their sportfishing equipment and views on immigrants, if that also comes up. A distant relative's attempts at winning a cottage in a staggeringly fake-looking contest. A helpful infographic about how vaccines can cause brain polyps. Engagement photoshoots. Fascism.

Yet it seems we are at the end of an era. After 17 years, billions of dollars in profit and some minor controversies involving the erosion of world democracy, Facebook has changed its name. From now on, the parent company will be known as Meta, to reflect the company's shift in focus to the next digital frontier: the metaverse (or virtual reality to non-nerds).

Facebook knows that our associations with it are less than favourable these days. The Wikipedia page " Criticism of Facebook" has a forbiddingly long contents list, including entries on tax avoidance and copyright violation, right through to traumatising its employees and allowing the publication of content that denies various genocides. Founder Mark Zuckerberg and his company have been busy trying to revamp its image, particularly in the wake of the platform's Cambridge Analytica scandal. This renaming probably demonstrates their awareness that the whole thing has become toxic - that making noises, as they have been lately, about factchecking posts and shutting down sources of disinformation isn't going to cut it PR-wise.

There is a long tradition of companies renaming themselves after a scandal. The private security firm Blackwater changed its name twice to try to dissociate itself from the killing of Iraqi civilians. The tobacco giant Philip Morris was renamed "Altria", presumably to make you think of the concept of altruism rather than, say, terminal lung cancer. BP's mid-00s forays into greenwashing included trying out the name "Beyond Petroleum".

Facebook seems to want a slice of that pie, hence the transformation of the company name (although not the social media platform, for now). In a crowded field, the video demonstration of the metaverse that accompanied this announcement is one of the most dispiriting pieces of media I have ever watched.

Zuckerberg, looking more believably humanoid than ever before, stands in a sort of converted observatory overlooking the sea. He gestures widely with his hands in that particularly studied, Friendly Californian Boss way as he explains that the metaverse will offer users a "home space" with views of "whatever you find most beautiful". Later, Zuckerberg's avatar, who can apparently wear anything within human imagination and yet is still wearing a black T-shirt and jeans, zooms off to join some friends for a virtual reality card game.

"Who made this place, it's awesome!" he says to a robot wearing a tennis visor, a floating woman, a translucent woman and some bald guy as he looks around at a sparse white conference room-type area of almost parodic bleakness. But the room is in space, and if the past few years have taught us anything, it's that there's nothing billionaire businessmen like more than being in space for no reason. Awesome!

Perhaps it's because there's a new Matrix film coming out, but I can't help but associate Facebook owning the metaverse with a deep and gnawing sense of dread. Not because I think it will be like living inside Facebook, trapped for ever in a digital labyrinth of your aunt's ex-husband's weirdest protein-rich recipe videos, but because it seems like Zuckerberg has probably already had enough influence over reality without adding virtual reality into the mix too.

And more depressing still: this probably is the future, if Zuckerberg says it is. No doubt in five years' time I will be wearing a headset and playing Uno with my friends on top of an erupting volcano or whatever, while we all sit in our increasingly unaffordable rented flats in a Britain with no petrol or food.

Whatever baroque horrors the metaverse has in store for us, though, the company name-change feels doomed to fail as a move to launder Facebook's reputation. Some companies are too big to rebrand. Nobody really remembers that Google's parent company is now called Alphabet. And some companies are too - how should I put it - bound up in the deterioration of all that is good and right in the world.

A rose by any other name would smell as sweet, but Facebook is going to have to do a lot more than give itself a new moniker to air out its pervasive odour of evil.

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Facebook has ruined our reality, now it's coming for the metaverse too | Imogen West-Knights

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acebook". The word paints a thousand pictures, every one of them a portrait of some element of the human condition I could happily live without. Message requests from veterans in Montana that read, "Hello beautiful Lady." A friend's mum reposting an announcement about the increased risk of dog-napping in a town 200 miles from where she lives.

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It took me about 8 minutes to finish the second chapter and it was a very easy but sad read
Lily bloom explains that she lived in a very abusive household and how her relationship with her father was destructive
Ryle on the other hand says that he lived a very wealthy life with his father being present
But his mother is not

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Maria Elena - Facebook won’t use more facial recognition software

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Maria Elena - Facebook won’t use more facial recognition software

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Time: about 4 minutes

In this article taken from BBC News, it’s explained why Facebook has decided to stop using this algorithm.
Firstly, for unethical and privacy reasons concerned about people faces.
Secondly, this algorithm has some problems to recognise precisely Asian and African faces.
Facebook also had a dispute about this topic.

Allege:

1. to assert without proof.

2. to declare with positiveness;
affirm;
assert:
to allege a fact.

3. to declare before a court or elsewhere, as if under oath.

4. to plead in support of;
offer as a reason or excuse.

5. [Archaic.]to cite or quote in confirmation.

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Facebook to end use of facial recognition software

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In a blog post, Jerome Pesenti, vice president of artificial intelligence at the firm said: "Amid this ongoing uncertainty, we believe that limiting the use of facial recognition to a narrow set of use cases is appropriate."

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Clairce agreed finally to hide the little girl in her closet. What surprised me is how the little girl thought that Clairce dad’s in the military like her father. Because of the strategy that Clairce gave her to get into her closet without anyone know.
The little girl said that it’s a “ regular military manœuvers” .

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Mana's work - An interview about branding

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Mana's work - An interview about branding

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The article I read was interview about branding. I chose this because I want to be involved in planning new products after I go back to Japan and branding is very similar and related to it.

I took around 20 minutes to read it. It was spoken language, so it was a bit difficult to read without googling slangs, and to guess omitted words.

The interviwee was a person famous for his work, branding of Heineken, Budweiser etc. In the article, he said the keys of branding is 'entertainment' and 'expectation'. In other words, he needs to make consumers surprised in good ways to attract their attention because they are tired and bored about too much information.

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A just read to pages from this book but these 2 pages was enough for me to say this book is very good book according to what i read i would like to say that it’s very interesting in the first bage of the book he wrote ( To my dad: my mentor, my coach, my fiercest critic,my biggest supporter, my chauffeur and my best friend. This one’s for you.)
I think that’s enough to say that he will mention his father a lot in this book.

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Covid-19 increase mental health diseases between children aged 10-19 according to the UNICEF “ United National Children Charity “  2019 in the pandemic many childrens were diagnosed with diseases
Such as Anxiety and Depression it went up from 7% to 40% around the world The reasons for the existence of these diseases because of the lockdown that happened previously. Children stayed away from schools, stayed away from everything that is fun and they can empty their energy in .

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A 4 year-old girl from Australia was missing for 18 days. Everyone was thinking the worst but hope persist, said the police officer.

A 36 year-old man was detenied and is in a costudy answering some questions about why the girl was found in his house.

This property is only 6 minutes driving away from the girl family home.
When the police followed a clue (linked with a car) reached the house and the little one was found safe and well, as is possible in this circunstances, in one of the house's room. Also some neighbours spot out that the men was seen buying nappies. We was looking for a "needle in a haystack", said the police.

The police officer said when he found the girl he ask her "What is your name?" and she answer "I am Cleo".

Mum said, "We are a whole family again". Australia is rejoicing, the police said. The girl was dissapered between 1.30 to 6am of 16th October when she was sleeping in a tent next to her young sister in a campsite.

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A four-year-old girl missing for 18 days in a remote part of Western Australia has been found alive and well in a locked house, police have said.

Cleo Smith disappeared from her family's tent at a campsite near the town of Carnarvon on 16 October, triggering a massive search.

A 36-year-old man is in custody and being questioned by detectives.

Police smashed their way into a home in Carnarvon in the early hours of Wednesday, following forensic clues.

"They found little Cleo in one of the rooms," Deputy Commissioner Col Blanch from WA Police said in a statement.

"One of the officers picked her up into his arms and asked her, 'What's your name?' She said 'My name is Cleo'."

The girl has been reunited with her parents, who had made desperate pleas for Cleo's return.

"Our family is whole again," her mother, Ellie Smith, wrote on Instagram.

Police footage of Cleo's rescue showed her "smiling" and "as well as we could expect in the circumstances", said Commissioner Chris Dawson, who added she was receiving medical care.

Authorities say the man in custody has no connection to the Smith family. No charges have been laid.

The house where Cleo was found is about six minutes' drive from her family home in Carnarvon, which has about 5,000 residents.

Australian PM Scott Morrison tweeted it was "wonderful, relieving news". Commissioner Dawson said: "I think Australia is rejoicing."

"To find a little girl - a vulnerable little girl - after 18 days. You know, obviously people think the worst, but importantly hope was never lost," the commissioner added.

What is known so far?

Cleo's family were on the first night of their holiday at the Quobba Blowholes camping ground when she went missing between 01:30 and 06:00 on 16 October.

The remote site in Macleod is about 900km (560 miles) north of Perth, and is a local attraction on the state's Coral Coast - known for its windswept ocean scenery, sea caves and lagoons.

Cleo had been sleeping on an air mattress next to her younger sister's cot. When her mother, who had been sleeping in the second room of the tent, got up in the morning, Cleo was gone and the tent door was open.

Police said this raised fears of an abduction. Ms Smith was adamant Cleo could not have left the tent on her own.

A taskforce of 100 officers were sent in from the state capital, Perth, to join a massive air, land and sea search. Reconnaissance planes were used to comb sparsely populated areas.

Authorities offered a A$1m ($750,000; £540,000) reward for information on Cleo's whereabouts.

The case drew international attention, and there were reports that bounty hunters had travelled to the region once the cash reward had been offered.

Deputy Commissioner Blanch said they scoured thousands of pieces of information looking for a "needle in a haystack".

"Late last night they found that needle that led them to that address and rescued Cleo," he told Network Seven.

Police said it involved information about a car, but would not elaborate.

ABC News reported a man who lived at the house had been recently spotted by a neighbour buying nappies.

"We didn't click who... he was buying them for," the neighbour was quoted as saying.

News that Cleo has been found sparked a sense of huge relief in the local community.

"For 18 days we've been filled with anxiety and concern," Carnarvon Shire president Eddie Smith told Australia's 2GB radio.

Deputy Commissioner Blanch told 6PR radio that it had been "incredible to see seasoned detectives openly crying with relief".

Police said they did not expect the reward to be claimed.

More on this story

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Cleo Smith: Missing 4-year-old found alive in Australia

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A four-year-old girl missing for 18 days in a remote part of Western Australia has been found alive and well in a locked house, police have said. Cleo Smith disappeared from her family's tent at a campsite near the town of Carnarvon on 16 October, triggering a massive search.

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It's reported that was taking about Russia cuts its gas supply to Europe as it amassed troops on its western borders, but Ukraine said everything is okay.

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Russia dramatically cut its gas supply to Europe as it amassed troops on its western borders, triggering a response from the US military.

State-controlled Gazprom has halved its supply to Ukraine since Monday after cutting gas completely to a pipeline through Poland.

The move has been seen as the Kremlin's latest attempt to ratchet up the pressure on Germany to approve the new Nord Stream 2 pipeline that goes directly to Germany.

Meanwhile, a top US general said on Wednesday that the United States was monitoring significant Russian military movement along the border with Ukraine, following reports of a military build-up in Russia's west.

Gen Mark Milley, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, told reporters that Washington did not immediately know what to make of it: "We've seen this before... What does this mean? We don't know yet, too early to tell."

He said, however, the US did not see anything "overtly aggressive".

US media over the weekend released satellite images showing what appears to be a significant military build-up near the town of Yelnya in Russia's south-west, close to Belarus.

Ukraine's top brass has dismissed the reports of an increasing Russian threat, saying they have not observed any significant increase in weaponry or forces.
Video: Russia will supply more gas if Europe asks - Putin (Reuters)
The country's defence ministry, however, said on Wednesday that Russia still had about 90,000 troops deployed in south-western regions close to Ukraine that stayed in the area after massive military drills this spring.

A Kremlin spokesman on Wednesday reiterated Moscow's stance that Russia is free to maintain a military presence on its own territory wherever it considers necessary.

Reports of Russian military maneuvres have brought back the memories of a build-up of 100,000 troops near the Ukrainian border this spring, which kept Ukraine and the West on tenterhooks for weeks before Moscow called it routine drills and ordered the troops back to base.

Russia's seven year-long conflict with Kyiv, which saw more than 13,000 killed in fighting between Ukrainian troops and Russia-backed separatists in eastern Ukraine, has acquired a new dimension this summer as the US withdrew its objections to Nord Stream 2.

Kyiv has described Nord Stream 2 as the Kremlin's tool of coercion aimed to punish Ukraine.

Vladimir Putin, the Russian president, last month hinted that Russia would be ready to send more gas to Europe, which faces an energy crunch, if Germany were to fast-track its approval for the pipeline. Gazprom's decision this week to slash supplies through Ukraine is believed to be aimed at forcing Germany to approve Nord Stream 2.

Russia's tough approach comes amid coalition negotiations to form a new government in Germany.

Social Democrats, who insist approval for the pipeline is a technical issue, are in talks with the Greens who accused Russia of attempting to blackmail Germany into approving Nord Stream 2.

The German regulator is due to give its decision by the end of January, but the pipeline could be further delayed.
Sign up to the Front Page newsletter for free: Your essential guide to the day's agenda from The Telegraph - direct to your inbox seven days a week.

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Russia cuts gas to Europe and amasses military on western borders

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Russia dramatically cut its gas supply to Europe as it amassed troops on its western borders, triggering a response from the US military. State-controlled Gazprom has halved its supply to Ukraine since Monday after cutting gas completely to a pipeline through Poland.

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The article talks about how to act when someone asks you what you want to do in the future or what you plan and makes it clear that talking about anything you want to do will often lead to it’s failure. When you think about your future, be careful not to say anything about yourself. And sometimes you get the feeling that you want to share with someone a certain thing or certain ideas that you want to follow in your life or you want someone close or far to know to know about it, but this behavior may lead to the destruction of the thing you plan to do. Some people may wish you bad because not all people are the same as you imagine.

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Well done everyone for having a good go at our reading journal week. I know it is not easy to fit in these extras on a daily basis but if you can do at least one a week you will definitely see the progress in your reading skills and general English level.
Glawy & Mohammed it would be great if you could add a post to show what you read too!

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Find a short informative audio  to listen to (without video) so radio or podcast.
BBC Learning English has some good 6minute recordings where you can choose a topic that interests you. Remember to make time to post a summary of your experience with the link and a few new vocab items.

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Our long-running series of topical discussion and new vocabulary, brought to you by your favourite BBC Learning English presenters.

From the archives

All 6 Minute English programmes pre-September 2014 can be found here.

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Our long-running series of topical discussion and new vocabulary, brought to you by your favourite BBC Learning English presenters. All 6 Minute English programmes pre-September 2014 can be found here.

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The diagrams show two methods of collecting water for irrigation purposes.

All of themes have the finial goal for  of collecting water, for those two methods all they need are ropes and containers, . f Furthermore to this both systems needs collecting to collect water and put the water into the  irrigation channel.

The first method is the swing basket it uses human power to collecting water, it needs two persons people who use ropes and a basket to get water, water can be collected from one to two meters deep.

On the other hand, there is the rope and bucket, it is operated by mechanical principles,which  it uses to get water and it’s also needs a system that is worked by a pulley and rollers and bucket, water can be collected from 50 meters.

Overall these two methods is are seful to collect water, this diagrams shows how to get water.

Good work Mohammad, you are actually showing some great potential now in the way you are organising the information. All fairly accurate and good to see passive and active used confidently. However, there are a few errors you need to look out for and have for your checklist.
Can you correct the last sentence for yourself? Leave the original errors and add the correct version in bold.

persons

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So this weekend was a good weekend
Because I got to finish the book I was reading
It took me about two hours a day to finish three chapters except on Sunday I read for three hours and fifteen minutes
It was a very easy read but it included a lot of things that I wouldn’t normally read
So the story of lily bloom is a very complicated story and now that rule is in it it becomes hard on her. She and Ryle get into a very abusive relationship. She then notices this and leaves falling in love with a guy named Atlas Corrigan
Which was her first love and the link to her past that she left behind .
Along the way she gets pregnant and is scared to tell her mother
Lilys mother is not a rule supporter and she
Always encourages lily to leave him
Ryle then wants to step in as a father and lily refuses to forgive him but let’s him become a father
So after birth lily divorced Ryle so that her daughter lives a non violent life with both of her parents present

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Mermaids.
The presenters compared mermaids to ghosts or dragons as some people believe in their existence; others don't . Otherwise known as sirens, they occur in many myths and are often dangerous.
In Africa, where they are seen as a kind of deity they are known as 'Mami Watta' , which loosely translated means 'mother of water' and comes from Nigerian pidgin English .
In Scotland, there are stories about Selkies who are sometimes women and sometimes water creatures. This changing form is known as a shapeshifter.
The link to the natural world is also important.

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The main concepts of the listening:

Ai-Da is a robot that paints and creates art - but what else could robots do in the future?

The humanoid robot, Ai-Da, uses a robotic arm and a pencil to draw what it sees with a camera in its eye. It’s very life-like and can even talk to the people whose picture it’s drawing.

Behind the creation of Ai-Da was a team led by Cornish robotics company, Engineered Arts, and supported by engineers in Leeds who built her robotic arms using AI systems developed at Oxford University.

It’s very strange because on first glance she looks incredibly scary, a bit like a dystopian robot from the future but when you see her move and express she becomes incredibly cute.

But as Karl spends more time with Ai-Da he begins to see her move and express herself. She smiles, blinks and uses facial expressions and hand gestures known as non-verbal communication to appear more human.

Vocabulary:
- dystopia
- appeal
- compelling
- battles to win
- iron (sth) out

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BBC Learning English - 6 Minute English / Robot Artists

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Ai-Da is a robot that paints and creates art - but what else could robots do in the future? Neil and Sam discuss the topic and teach you related vocabulary. The name, Ai-Da, uses the abbreviation for 'artificial intelligence' - AI - to make a woman's first name, but which famous, real-life Ada was the robot named after?

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This channel is good for listening with serious news and informative programmes

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Listen live to BBC Radio 4 on BBC Sounds

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Maria Elena - Digital help for blind people

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Maria Elena - Digital help for blind people

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In this episode they speak about how digital technology is dramatically improving the lives of blind people to work around their challenges.

Smartphone apps have dramatically improved the lives of blind people around the world.

The set of digital tools that help blind people are called assistive technology – that’s any software or equipment that helps people work around their disabilities or challenges.

For example, apps like ‘BeMyEyes’ allow blind users to find lost keys, cross busy roads and even colour match their clothes.

Or for example there is a device is compatible with any kind of white cane that detect the obstacles in front of you, and it relies on echo-location, used by bats and dolphins to detect prey and obstacles and their distance from you.

The more that society sees blind people in the community, at work, in relationships, the more it does help to tackle all of these stereotypes, it helps people to see blind and visually-impaired people in a whole new way and it just normalises disability.

Vocabulary:

- assistive technology

- obstacle

- echo-location ultrasound system used by some animals to determine the position of nearly objects by measuring how long it takes for an echo to return from the object

- visually impaired having a decreased ability to see that causes problems, whether disabling or not

- normalises treats as normal something which has not been accepted as being normal before

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Digital technology is dramatically improving the lives of blind people all around the world. Neil and Georgina talk about these inventions which help blind people work around their challenges.

This week's question

In 1842 a technique of using fingers to feel printed raised dots was invented which allowed blind people to read. But who invented it?

a) Margaret Walker

b) Louis Braille

c) Samuel Morse

Listen to the programme to find out the answer.

Vocabulary

assistive technology
equipment and technology that help individuals with disabilities to perform functions that might otherwise be difficult or impossible

obstacle
object that blocks your movement because it is in your way

echo-location
ultrasound system used by some animals to determine the position of nearly objects by measuring how long it takes for an echo to return from the object

visually impaired
having a decreased ability to see that causes problems, whether disabling or not

normalises
treats as normal something which has not been accepted as being normal before
Transcript
Note: This is not a word-for-word transcript

Neil
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.

Georgina
And I'm Georgina.

Neil
What do Homer, Ray Charles and Jorge Borges all have in common, Georgina?

Georgina
Hmm, so that's the ancient Greek poet, Homer; American singer, Ray Charles; and Argentine writer, Jorge Luis Borges... I can't see much in common there, Neil.

Neil
Well, the answer is that they were all blind.

Georgina
Ah! But that obviously didn't hold them back - I mean, they were some of the greatest artists ever!

Neil
Right, but I wonder how easy they would find it living and working in the modern world.

Georgina
Blind people can use a guide dog or a white cane to help them move around.

Neil
Yes, but a white cane is hardly advanced technology! Recently, smartphone apps have been invented which dramatically improve the lives of blind people around the world.

Neil
But first it's time for my quiz question, Georgina. In 1842 a technique of using fingers to feel printed raised dots was invented which allowed blind people to read. But who invented it? Was it:

a) Margaret Walker?,
b) Louis Braille?, or
c) Samuel Morse?

Sam
Hmm, I've heard of Morse code but that wouldn't help blind people read, so I think it's, b) Louis Braille.

Georgina
Brian Mwenda is CEO of a Kenyan company developing this kind of technology. Here he explains to BBC World Service programme, Digital Planet, how his devices seek to enhance, not replace, the traditional white cane:

Brian Mwenda
The device is very compatible with any kind of white cane. So, once you clip it on to any white cane it works perfectly to detect the obstacles in front of you, and it relies on echo-location. So, echo-location is the same technology used by bats and dolphins to detect prey and obstacles and all that. You send out a sound pulse and then once it bounces off an obstacle, you can tell how far the obstacle is.

Neil
Some of the assistive apps are so smart they can even tell what kind of object is coming up ahead - be it a friend, a shop door or a speeding car.

Georgina
I guess being able to move around confidently really boosts people's independence.

Neil
Absolutely. And it's challenging stereotypes around blindness too. Blogger, Fern Lulham, who is blind herself, uses assistive apps every day. Here she is talking to BBC World Service's, Digital Planet:

Fern Lulham
I think the more that society sees blind people in the community, at work, in relationships it does help to tackle all of these stereotypes, it helps people to see blind and visually-impaired people in a whole new way and it just normalises disability - that's what we need, we need to see people just getting on with their life and doing it and then people won't see it as such a big deal anymore, it'll just be the ordinary.

Neil
Just keep your eyes closed for a minute and try moving around the room. You'll soon see how difficult it is... and how life changing this technology can be.

Georgina
Being able to read books must also open up a world of imagination. So what was the answer to your quiz question, Neil?

Neil
Ah yes. I asked Georgina who invented the system of reading where fingertips are used to feel patterns of printed raised dots. What did you say, Georgina?

Georgina
I thought it was, b) Louis Braille.

Neil
Which was...of course the correct answer! Well done, Georgina - Louise Braille the inventor of a reading system which is known worldwide simply as braille.

Georgina
That's all for this programme but join us again soon at 6 Minute English...

Neil
...and remember you can find many more 6 Minute topics and useful vocabulary archived on bbclearningenglish.com.

Georgina
Don't forget we also have an app you can download for free from the app stores. And of course we are all over social media, so come on over and say hi.

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BBC Learning English - 6 Minute English / Digital help for blind people

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Hear about digital technology which helps blind people improve their lives

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How a phone box saved my life!

This morning there was a wonderful anecdote from a man who had saved a friend's life thanks to a telephone box,
(The title reminded me of a famous song with the lyric 'last night a DJ saved my life'.)

Basically, the day before, the news had announced that many telephone boxes are no longer used and will be got rid of. Those  that are maintained will be those in areas where they are still needed. Meanwhile,
new uses have been found for many of them , like coffee shops or community libraries.

Anyway , this story explained how on a long walk , a member of the walking group had had a heart attack. Thanks to a defibrillator that was kept in a nearby telephone box the group were able to resuscitate the man and save his life.

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Sometimes activists need to get angry
Greta begins talking about how we are walking in the wrong direction when it comes to saving our planet
She also explains that there are many people trying to do something, sometimes more than what they are able to do
“ A Politicians job is to satisfy the voters needs and if there is no massive public pressure from the outside then they will get away with continuing like that”
She continues saying “ as long as they get away with something (referring to politicians) they will continue until we put massive pressure on them”
She was asked how can she influence those people who should be active and aware of the things happening but they don’t do anything?
She answers “we will play a part in the figuring out a solution so we will continue to tell people to join the climate movement because we need to push in every direction every possible direction
She says that we should wake up before it’s too late because we are running out of time

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   Why does seeing someone yawn make you yawn? 

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   Why does seeing someone yawn make you yawn? 

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Vocabulary

a yawn / to yawn
breathe in and out with our mouth stretched open

contagious
can be spread from one person to another

a behaviour
an action, often automatic, in response to a particular situation

cognitive
connected to mental processes and the way our minds work

to identify with (a group)
to feel close to and have a sense of belonging to (a group)

exhibit (a behaviour)
do, show (a behavio

why do we yawn? Is it:

A: To take in more oxygen
B: To get rid of carbon dioxide from our body
C: No one really knows
On the BBC Radio 4 series All in The Mind he spoke about yawning and why it is contagious.

Yawning is actually a difficult case when it comes to these contagious behaviours. It is the most contagious behaviour – it’s meant to be automatic, it’s something that you can’t stop. Dogs yawn when their owners yawn.
https://www.bbc.co.uk//learningenglish/english/features/6-minute-english/ep-200102

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Have you ever wondered why seeing someone yawn also makes you yawn? According to researchers, it makes a difference if you think of yourself as similar to the person who started the yawning. Georgina and Rob discuss yawning and teach you related vocabulary.

This week's question

What biological function does yawning have?

a: To take in more oxygen

b: To get rid of carbon dioxide from our body

c: No one really knows

Listen to the programme to find out the answer.

Vocabulary

a yawn / to yawn
breathe in and out with our mouth stretched open

contagious
can be spread from one person to another

a behaviour
an action, often automatic, in response to a particular situation

cognitive
connected to mental processes and the way our minds work

to identify with (a group)
to feel close to and have a sense of belonging to (a group)

exhibit (a behaviour)
do, show (a behaviour)

Transcript

Note: This is not a word-for-word transcript

Georgina
Hello. This is 6 Minute English, I'm Georgina.

Georgina
What do you do when you're tired, Rob?

Georgina
But what does your body do to tell you you're tired?

Rob
Right, well these days I just kind of fall asleep in front of the TV.

Georgina
Yes, but, OK - what am I doing now?

Rob
Oh yes, hang on - yes, you've set me off - yawning, yes yawning is a sign that we are tired! Or bored!

Georgina
Are you tired or bored now?

Rob
No, not particularly.

Georgina
So, why did you just yawn?

Rob
Well, because you did! That's the thing about yawns. They are contagious - they can spread from one person to another.

Georgina
And that's what we're looking at in this programme. But first, today's question. What biological function does yawning have? Essentially, why do we yawn? Is it:

A: To take in more oxygen
B: To get rid of carbon dioxide from our body
C: No one really knows

What do you think, Rob?

Rob
Ah - I know this. We yawn to take in more oxygen. I'm pretty sure that's it.

Georgina
OK. We'll see if you're correct at the end of the programme. John Drury is a researcher from Sussex University. On the BBC Radio 4 series All in The Mind he spoke about yawning and why it is contagious. Which animal does he mention will also catch a yawn from its owner?

John Drury
Yawning is actually a difficult case when it comes to these contagious behaviours. It is the most contagious behaviour - it's meant to be automatic, it's something that you can't stop. Dogs yawn when their owners yawn, animals yawn to each other. It happens whether you want to or not. These kind of effects have been found for other kinds of behaviour, so really, we were trying to push it as far as we could and see if there is a cognitive element to this influence behaviour.

Georgina
Which animal might yawn when its owner does?

Rob
Dogs! Dogs can catch a yawn from their owners.

Georgina
Yes, yawning is a very contagious behaviour. The use of the word behaviour here is interesting. Normally it is an uncountable noun to describe the way we act - either in a good or a bad way. We talk about, for example, dogs' or children's behaviour being good or bad.

Rob
But it's also used as an uncountable noun when we are talking about a particular action that, for example, an animal makes in particular situations. These behaviours are often not conscious, but are an automatic response to a situation.

Georgina
And the researchers were looking to see if there was a cognitive side to the behaviour. Which means they are looking at the mental process - what is happening in the mind to make us yawn, particularly when someone else yawns. Let's listen again

John Drury
Yawning is actually a difficult case when it comes to these contagious behaviours. It is the most contagious behaviour - it's meant to be auto matic, it's something that you can't stop. Dogs yawn when their owners yawn, animals yawn to each other. It happens whether you want to or not. These kinds of effects have been found for other kinds of behaviour, so really, we were trying to push it as far as we could and see if there is a cognitive element to this influence behaviour.

Georgina
The research discovered that contagious yawning is connected with our social group and how close we feel to the people in it. Here's John Drury again.

John Drury
So, the more that you identify with the in-group target, the more likely you are to copy their behaviour. What we do when we see a behaviour is that at some level, we are making a judgement about whether the person exhibiting that behaviour, whether it's an emotion, or a scratching behaviour, or anything, is relevant. Does their behaviour indicate to us how we should behave?

Georgina
So, essentially, yawning is more contagious if we identify with the person who yawns first. If we feel close to, and belong in, the same group as the person who exhibits the behaviour - the person who does the yawning - we are likely to yawn too.

Rob
So, you are less likely to yawn if a stranger yawns than if someone in your close family or circle of friends yawns.

Georgina
Let's listen again.

John Drury
So, the more that you identify with the in-group target, the more likely you are to copy their behaviour. What we do when we see a behaviour is that at some level, we are making a judgement about whether the person exhibiting that behaviour, whether it's an emotion, or a scratching behaviour, or anything, is relevant. Does their behaviour indicate to us how we should behave?

Georgina
Right, before we review the vocabulary, let's have the answer to our quiz. Why do we yawn? Is it:

A: To take in more oxygen
B: To get rid of carbon dioxide from our body
C: No one really knows

Rob, what did you say?

Rob
Well, I was pretty sure it's A - to take in more oxygen.

Georgina
There is, in fact, no clear biological reason for yawning that is agreed upon. So no one really knows.

Rob
We've been talking about yawning. The action of opening our mouths wide open and stretching our eardrums when tired or bored.

Georgina
Yawning can also be contagious. This means it can pass from one person to another.

Rob
And a yawn can be described as a behaviour - a particular kind of automatic action in response to a particular situation.

Georgina
The word cognitive is related to our mental processes - the way our minds work.

Rob
If you identify with a particular group - you feel close to that group and feel that you belong in that group.

Georgina
And finally, to exhibit a behaviour is to actually do that particular behaviour. And before we all start yawning, it's time for us to go. Do join us again soon and you can always find us online, on social media and on the BBC Learning English app. Bye for now.

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BBC Learning English - 6 Minute English / Why does seeing someone yawn make you yawn?

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Have you ever wondered why seeing someone yawn also makes you yawn? According to researchers, it makes a difference if you think of yourself as similar to the person who started the yawning. Georgina and Rob discuss yawning and teach you related vocabulary. What biological function does yawning have?

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The radio programme is about how smart tech can help to reduce dioxide emissions.

Smart tech commanded from your phone helps to decrease waste of energy at home for example controlling the heating system or light system when no body is at home.

The problem about heating system is that still many of them use fossil fuel energy. This energy produce huge amounts of carbon dioxide emissions.

However, many people and countries switch to reusable energy. This kind of energy also has some issues such as they relay on the weather in order to generate solar or wind power. Those energies are intermittent and produces some blackoutsm in their supplies. It is something sciensts are working in.

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It's reported that is talking about the first land at the moon.
In 1969, the United States sent 3 astronauts to the moon and first-person is Neil Armstrong, and the second person is Buzz Aldrin, both of them go down to history, they are very famous, but the third person that no one remembers him, he is Buzz Aldrin. When Neil and Buzz go down to the moon he needed to wait for them, and make sure he can take them to go home, so he stayed in the spaceship and he was circling around Moon, all alone.
And when he came back to Earth, His reputation is not famous as Neil and Buzz.

pioneer
the first person to do something or go somewhere

camaraderie
friendship or trust created by being together for some time

bond
a connection or shared link

go down in history
become famous

trailblazer
someone who does something revolutionary or for the first time

solitude
being alone

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Can you imagine being left in a capsule orbiting the Moon all by yourself, while your team mates go walk on the surface and become the first two humans to do so in history? That's what happened to the late Michael Collins in 1969. Neil and Georgina talk about the Apollo 11 astronaut, and teach you related vocabulary.

This week's question

The first animal that went into space was a Russian dog. It was 1957. What was the dog's name?

a) Irina
b) Laika
c) Anastasia

Listen to the programme to find out the answer.

Vocabulary

pioneer
the first person to do something or go somewhere

camaraderie
friendship or trust created by being together for some time

bond
a connection or shared link

go down in history
become famous

trailblazer
someone who does something revolutionary or for the first time

Transcript

Note: This is not a word-for-word transcript

NeilYes - and just think about being in a space module together - trapped for all those hours - it could create quite the sense of camaraderie - a friendship and trust formed by spending time together.

a) Irina
b) Laika or
c) Anastasia?

Yes, a lot of people questioned Collins afterwards regarding the solitude, about which he had this to say in the same interview with BBC programme Hard Talk:

Neil
Which is correct, well done! And you were right when you said that she sadly didn't survive the return to Earth.

NeilYes, we had camaraderie - a sense of trust and friendship after spending a long time together, and the creation of strong bonds or connections.

And if you're the first person to do something, you could be called a pioneer.

NeilOr even a trailblazer which means the same thing. And if you are the first person to do something, you could become famous and go down in history.

And finally we spoke about the solitude, or state of being alone, that Collins must have experienced.

Georgina
If you are busy, we offer English in a Minute: short videos with tips on how to improve your English.

Georgina
Don't forget we have an app too, which you can download for free from the app stores. We help you learn English on the move! Grammar, vocabulary, and interesting topics - we have them all! Visit our website! Get the app!

Georgina
Goodbye.

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BBC Learning English - 6 Minute English / The loneliest man in history

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Can you imagine being left in a capsule orbiting the Moon all by yourself, while your team mates go walk on the surface and become the first two humans to do so in history? That's what happened to the late Michael Collins in 1969.

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Maria Elena - Training artificial intelligence

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Maria Elena - Training artificial intelligence

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In this episode, they speak about the level of intelligence of the AI. They speak about the importance it has for car satnavs and for  detecting cancer for example.

They say that the intelligent AI was in terms of brain cell count, as intelligent as a bumblebee.

“AI learns through trial and error – repeating the same activity again and again until discovering the best way, and minimising – reducing as much as possible, the number of errors it makes.”

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How clever is artificial intelligence? It currently helps us in many ways from car satnavs to detecting cancer cells but it's yet to be cleverer than us humans. We still need to train AI to do things but should we fear that it eventually learns too much? Neil and Sam discuss the subject and teach some useful vocabulary.

This week's question

In terms of brain cell count, what level of intelligence is AI currently working at? Is AI as smart as:

a) a frog
b) an earthworm
c) a bumblebee

Listen to the programme to find out the answer.

Vocabulary

chat-up lines
remarks men and women make to start up a romantic conversation with someone they don't know but find attractive

computer programmers
people who write, or code, computer programmes

algorithms
a set of rules or procedures to be followed by computers in problem-solving exercises

trial and error
repeating the same task over and over until finding the most successful way

minimising
reducing as much as possible

a stroke of luck
when something unexpected happens by good luck or chance

Transcript

Note: This is not a word-for-word transcript

Neil
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.

Sam
And I'm Sam.

Neil
Do you like cooking, Sam? There's a new recipe I've been trying out - it's for 'frosted oysters'.

Sam
Frosted oysters?! Sounds... unusual. How do you make it?

Neil
Well, take a pound of chicken, then some cubed pork and half a crushed garlic.

Sam
Eh? I thought you said it was for 'frosted oysters', whatever they are.

Neil
Yes, that's right. Now heat it up until boiling and serve with custard.

Sam
Ugh, that sounds disgusting! Who on earth told you that recipe?

Neil
It's not 'who' told me, Sam, but 'what'. In fact, that recipe was made by computers using artificial intelligence, or AI, which is the topic of today's programme. In real life, AI is making huge progress - from car satnavs to detecting cancer cells. But as you can see from that revolting recipe, things don't always go according to plan.

So, just how intelligent is a rtificial intelligence? I mean, it definitely needs some cooking lessons!

Neil
Right. AI is not as intelligent as we tend to think. AI programmes use artificial brain cells to roughly imitate real brain cell activity, but they're still a long way behind human levels of intelligence. And that's my quiz question - in terms of brain cell count, what level of intelligence is AI currently working at? Is AI as smart as:

a) a frog

b) an earthworm

c) a bumblebee

Well, I don't think anyof those are good cooks either, to be honest. I'll say c) a bumblebee, because at least they can make honey!

Neil
Nice guess, Sam. We'll find out the answer later. But first let's find out more about how AI misunderstandings like the oyster recipe can happen. Janelle Shane is the author of 'You Look Like a Thing and I Love You' in which she tells her amusing experiences and bizarre experiments with AI.

Sam
You Look Like a Thing and I Love You - that's a strange title for a book, Neil.

Yes. It's another example of AI miscommunication. The book title is what a AI produced when asked to write chat-up lines - remarks men and women make to start up a conversation with someone they don't know but find attractive.

Here she is talking to the BBC World Service programme More or Less:

So even though we're talking about machines learning for themselves, there still need to be humans involved at the start of the journey. This human teaching is done by computer programmers - people who write, or code, the computer programmes used by AI.

Right. These programmers write algorithms - a set of rules or procedures to be followed in problem-solving exercises. So, for example, the AI that wrote that oyster recipe read thousands of other recipes before coming up with its own version.

In other words, Artificial intelligence uses a process of trial and error - repeating the same task over and over until finding the most successful way. Only in the case of the oyster recipe, there was more 'error' than 'trial'!

Neil
Well, according to Janelle Shane, we can learn a lot about something by seeing how it goes wrong. Here she is, talking about an AI which had been told to solve maths problems:

Neil
Well, let's settle it once and for all by answering today's quiz question. Remember I asked you how intelligent AI was in terms of brain cell count and you said, as intelligent as...

Sam
I said c) a bumblebee.

Neil
Well, here's Janelle again with the answer...

Janelle Shane
If you're looking at rough computing power, the algorithms we're working with are probably somewhere around the level of an earthworm.

Sam
So, the correct answer was b) as clever as an earthworm! No wonder AIs can't cook!

Sam
And AIs don't know much about cooking oysters either!

Neil
That's all from us from this programme. Be sure to join us again for more topical discussion and vocabulary at 6 Minute English for BBC Learning English. Bye for now!

Sam
Bye.

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BBC Learning English - 6 Minute English / Training artificial intelligence

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How clever is artificial intelligence? It currently helps us in many ways from car satnavs to detecting cancer cells but it's yet to be cleverer than us humans. We still need to train AI to do things but should we fear that it eventually learns too much?

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Writing 2 Agree/Disagree with one measure but what are other measures?

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Writing 2 Agree/Disagree with one measure but what are other measures?

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The flow charts give information about the process of making cement in order to produce concrete for building purposes.

The diagram on the right describes the cement production. The first stage is when the limestone and clay are placed in a machine. After these minerals are crushed, they become a powder. Next the powder is mixed by the mixer. In the following step the powder is delivered to a tube that connects the rotating heater. Once the powder has been heated which is put into a grinder that after processing it, get as a final result the cement. The product is packed in bags ready to be sold.

The second diagram descibes the concrete production. There are more elements involved to produce it in comparason with the cement production. It needs (active) 15% of cement, 10% of water, 25% of sand and 50% of gravel in order to mix them all together and produce concrete. The system that is required is less complex than the cement production, it only (adverb before verb) needs a concrete mixer.

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Speaking is my strongest part of the ielts

I need to focus more on the writing and reading even though I improved during the class

Yo improve my vocabulary and punctuation
Focus on reading because It’s my lowest grade

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Aziz , this is ok as a place to start but basically a bit brief especially in terms of your level of English!
Could you elaborate further please?
What are you good at with listening?
Why do you think this is your best skill?
What do you find difficult with the reading?
What skills do you need to improve?
What will help you get a 7 do you think?

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1. Full stops at the end of a sentence.
(Make sure each paragraph is more than one sentence !)
2.Capital letters after the full stops , at the beginning of sentences and paragraphs.
3. Watch out for random capital letters! Only proper nouns which are name nouns, countries , cities, languages
4. Commas after linking words at the beginning of sentences.

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These days, the world has evolved and developed  dramatically with high technologies and various devices . Scientists believe that human energy will be replaced by robots in fact there are many arguments about it and many people agree with and others disagree.

Firstly, the medical field has developed dramatically, and everything that progresses in the medical field leads us with new devices moreover  The human needs to study the device before using it This may lead to draining the health of the patient or injured person who needs to use this device And this leads to the disruptions and delays of the medical department, Furthermore, Some robotic devices are used, and this is proven to prove that the human need in medicine can be replaced by 98 percent with robots.

On the other hand Robots are not siuitable for replacing them with  teachers, because it is the teacher’s job, because the teacher’s job is completely dependent on the mutual feelings between the teacher and the student. for example, in the nursery, the teacher must understand the fluctuations  feelings of the students because they cannot control and the teacher loves to show love and appreciation for them. Robots don't control our actions because they are emotionless.

In engineering and construction, some people say that they can replace people with robots because robots have great accuracy and efficiency and speed in construction and can accomplish more.however, there are other people who oppose the idea and say that robots cannot work under the fluctuations of the weather, so the weather could be  It rains and it gets affected and we have fires.

To sum up in developed countries such as Japan, most of the students graduating  from High School intend to study IT, and their 40% of the graduates. the percentage is rising year by year, and this indicates the importance of programming robots.overall I believe that we cannot dispense with both humans and robots in all fields.

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These days, the world has evolved and developed  dramatically with high technologies and various devices . Scientists believe that human energy will be replaced by robots , in fact ,there are many arguments about it, and many people agree with it and others disagree

Firstly , the medical field has developed dramatically, and everything that progresses in the medical field leads us with new devices . Moreover  , humans need to study the device before using it This may lead to draining the health of the patient or injured person who needs to use this device . This leads to the disruptions  and delays  of the medical department .   Furthermore  , some robotic devices are used, and this proves that the humans need in medicine can be replaced by 98 percent with robots.

On the other hand , robots are not siuitable for replacing them with  teachers, because it is the teacher’s job, because the teacher’s job is completely dependent on the mutual feelings between the teacher and the student.  For example, in the nursery, the teacher must understand the fluctuations feelings of the students because they cannot control and the teacher loves to show love and appreciation for them and  robots don't control our actions because they are emotionless .

In engineering and construction, some people say that they can replace people with robots because robots have great accuracy and efficiency and speed in construction and can accomplish more . However ,  there are other people who oppose the idea and say that robots cannot work under the fluctuations of the weather, so the weather could be  rainy and it gets affected and we have fires .

To sum up , in developed countries such as Japan, most of the students graduating  from High School intend to study IT, and their there 40% of the graduates, and the percentage is rising year by year, and this indicates the importance of programming robots. Overall I believe that we cannot dispense with both humans and robots in all fields .

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These days, the world has evolved and developed dramatically with high technologies and various devices. Scientists believe that human energy will be replaced by robots there are many arguments about it and many people agree with and others disagree

Firstly, the medical field has developed dramatically and everything that progresses in the medical field leads us with new devices. Moreover, the human needs to study the device before using it This may lead to draining the health of the patient or injured person who needs to use this device. This leads to the disruptions and delays of the medical department   Furthermore  Some robotic devices are used, and this is proven to prove that the human need in medicine can be replaced by 98 per cent with robots.

On the other hand, Robots are not suitable for replacing them with  teachers, because it is the teacher’s job, because the teacher’s job is completely dependent on the mutual feelings between the teacher and the student, for example, in the nursery, the teacher must understand the fluctuations  feelings of the students because they cannot control and the teacher loves to show love and appreciation for them and  Robots don't control our actions because they are emotionless

In engineering and construction, some people say that they can replace people with robots because robots have great accuracy, efficiency, speed in construction and can accomplish more. However,  other people oppose the idea and say that robots can not work under the fluctuations of the weather. So the weather could be  It rains and it   What is it here? gets affected so we have fires.

To sum up, In developed countries such as Japan, most of the students graduating from High School intend to study IT, and 40% of the graduates, and the percentage is rising year by year. This indicates the importance of programming robots. Overall I believe that we can not dispense with both humans and robots in all fields

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IELTS Speaking Part 2: ideal home

Describe the ideal home that you would like to live in. You should say

what your ideal home would look like

where it would be

and why you would like to live there.

1. Make a quick decision about the type of home you will describe.

2. Talk about each bullet point in as much detail as you can.

3. Maybe choose something adventurous like a castle or an apartment on the top floor of a skyscraper, even if it's not really your ideal home. You might find it easier to talk for 2 minutes about something more imaginative.

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IELTS Speaking Part 2: describe a house

Try preparing ideas or a full answer for this topic:

Describe an interesting house or apartment that you have visited.
You should say

- where the house or apartment was
- who lived there
- what it looked like on the outside and/or inside
- and explain why you found this house or apartment interesting.

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Discussion topics - Different types of home:

Q.  What kinds of home are most popular in your country? Why is this?

Q.  What do you think are the advantages of living in a house rather than an apartment?

Q.  Do you think that everyone would like to live in a larger home? Why is that?

1) How easy is it to find a place to live in your country?

2) Do you think it's better to rent or to buy a place to live in?

3) Do you agree that there is a right age for young adults to stop living with their parents?

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A. CREATING A NICE HOME

Why do some people buy lots of things for their home?

Do you think it is very expensive to make a home look nice?

Why don’t some people care about how their home looks?

B. DIFFERENT TYPES OF HOME:

In what ways is living in a flat/apartment better than living in a house?

Do you think homes will look different in the future?

Do you agree that the kinds of homes people prefer change as they get older?

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Punctuation (AQA) test questions - GCSE English Language - AQA - BBC Bitesize

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Learn and revise how to use punctuation effectively with this BBC Bitesize GCSE English Language (AQA) study guide.

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This diagrams is(are) talking about the there have (are) two manner(s) how to collect water for irrigation purposes.

Both of them's fininal goal are collecting/ (collect) water, those two manners all need ropes and containers. in addition to this system needs collecting water and put water to irrigation channel.

The first manner is "Swing basket", It uses manpower to collecting (collect) water, it needs two people who use ropes and a basket to get water. Water can be collected from one to two metres.

On the other hand the "manner B" is "Rope and bucket". It operation is worked is operated by mechanical principle. It uses livestock(animal) to get water and it also needs a whole system that is worked by a pulley and rollers and bucket. Water can be collected form from 50 metres.

Overall these two manners is very useful to collect water, and this diagrams clearly show how to get water.

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The diagrams illustrate two types of approach techniques to gather water for irrigation aims purposes , such as 'swing basket' and 'rope and bucket', to gather water for irrigation aims. Overall, it is clear that these methods have completely distinct characteristics to each other.

On the one hand, the only same similar element thing ( the only thing that is the same )is that ropes are used in these two ways. On the other hand, they have many different features. The most noticeable point is the depth which the water comes from. In the approach 'Swing basket'  approach, water is taken out from 1-2 metres depth underground, whereas in the method 'rope and bucket' method , it comes from 50 metres depth basement. Another significant difference is that people and animals perform  'Swing basket' in fields and 'rope and bucket' on slopes respectively. In addition, a basket woven from bamboo or leather is needed in the way 'Swing basket', while a pulley, rollers, a bucket are utilised in the method 'rope and bucket'. (Just 150 words)

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Yunha, Writing Task 2 : Larger family in the past

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Yunha, Writing Task 2 : Larger family in the past

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In the past, people used to have more children than now. The main reason is because in the past, it was an agricultural society, so the more workers there were, the easier life was. This is highly related closely linked to why most families were larger in the past. However, being part of a large family in the past would have both advantages and disadvantages.

I cannot deny that children in a large family would feel less pressure. However large the family size is, they will only ever have two parents. Parents cannot educate fairly if they are raising more than three children. So attention will be naturally separated. Relative to my experience in a smaller family, parents overly focused attention is likely to adversely affect their children's mental health. So separated attention will decrease the level of pressure.

Nonetheless these advantages can cause the problem about jealousy. Attention cannot be fair unless they are twins. Always the younger needs more attention for various reasons. And also it could depend on children's personality. If one of their children is friendlier than others, as parents are also human, they may develop a closer relationship than with the other children.

Add to this opinion, for me the pressure on the oldest will not be solved. Because in the past it was an agricultural society, the oldest child would not have a choice between studying or working. Even if they wanted to study, family would still need money to live. This certain reason meant the oldest would have to work.

To summarise, I am sure that there are more disadvantages to being part of a large family in the past. Parents attention will cause jealousy and pressure, especially on the oldest child.

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See Unit 14 in the coursebook

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https://drive.google.com/file/d/1TluuTjV40G-AhimPvyY_avyEcUclR9ka/view

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In our Nowadays/These days, the topic about the use of the petrol is very important, considering the climate change that is causing the global warming. The petrol not only creates pollution in the world through its use in many industries and as gas for cars and lorries, but there are sometimes serious incidents in the petrol stations that cause irreversibile damages  to the sea world. So/On the one hand, increasing the price of the petrol is not a good solution (off topic). The problem of the petrol must be solved by starting begging/getting to the roots of the problem. In fact, increasing the price of it you can only limit it’s use but petrol will continue to have negative effects in our Planet. I strongly believe that high prices of petrol will not solve pollution problems at all.
Actually, if the countries of which a good portion is involved in petrol money interests, want really to find a solution to this problem, they should start investing and converting their economies in circular economy or green economy and in other sustainable activities that, multiplied for billions of people can really bring to a green revolution.
For example, same alternatives to petrol are renewable energies generated by solar panels or wind turbines, often used in companies, offices but also in private houses; electricity,  that can be used also for the cars. For this last one a stunning example is a German car, called Sion, projected by a startup, that uses a mix of solar panels and electric engines instead of the gas.
In conclusion, getting to the point of the topic, increasing the price of petrol does not solve in any way the problem of traffic and pollution. but The real solution is to substitute it with the green alternatives and totally stopping to use totally petrol on every big or little way that has been used up until now.

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Nowadays , government increases talk about increasing the price of fuel to stop people using cars to reduce traffic and find solutions for pollution . This is one solution and I think there are different opinions to solve this problem .

On the one hand , people think that , governments should raise the price of petrol . For example , main problem to stop pollution and start help environment . If the petrol is to a high price people have to start  using the car less when they go to the local area to play or walk . In addition , people will only use the car if necessary such as going to work or travelling to for place . Another solution for reducing traffic jams are for people to use public transports rather than private cars or sharing car  with other people who commute every day in the same place . For instance, In other words the government should put petrol price up and make public transports cheaper than a private car to encourage people to use alternative transportation.
On the other hand , some people believe that , the government should not increases  the price of petrol . For example, they are working and they use the car for work they think it unfair the price petrol increase they can not make money . Furthermore , people after covid 19 are  scared to use public transport.they believe using their own car is more safer than bus or train .
In conclusion, I agree with the steatment  because pollution will destroy our life  and planet . The scientists are researching in good solutions to improve the planet . They think stopping people using cars will help the planet has had good and bad effects . The good thing is more people work for from home and studying at home this can also help stop pollution .

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These diagrams show 2 methods to generate cement for building aims purposes.
The first process is called “cement production” and the second one is called “concrete production”.
In the “cement production” process, limestone and clay are mixed thanks to a crusher made from 2 rolls. From this process a powder is created and afterwards it is put into a mixer that ends in a rotating heater. In this heater, the heat transforms the powder into a grinder that thanks to a rolls creates the cement that will be packed in/into (both) bags.
In the “concrete production”, instead, cement and water are used cement and water, respectively of 15% and 10% as quantity. To these, sand and gravel (small stones), are added for 25% and 50% each one. At the end of this phase, the concrete mixer mixes all the elements to create cement.
Overall, it is clear that the 2 methods are totally different in their process and the second one could seen easier, but both are used to produce cement.

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The diagram shows the stages and equipment used in the cement making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes.

Cement production, first of all, Limestone, clay and it will go to the crusher, and it becomes powder and after that is mixed. It  will go to the rotating heater where it will be heated. After that it will be ground to a powder, and the cement will be put into  bags.

Secondly,  in the  concrete production diagram the cement with (15%), is mixed with water with (10%). Sand with (25%), and the gravel with (50%) all mixed up together with the concrete, in small stones.

Overall, sentence the two processes are different because the first one needs a heater and the second one does not.

the

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The diagrams illustrate the different stages how cement is made ,also how building purposes is used cement to produce concrete.   Overall the diagrams show produce the cement. Firstly, the clay and limestone are crushed together. After that the powder is mixed in the mixture. In the next stage the powder goes into a rotating heater where it is heated . In the following stages the cement is letting to cool . Finally the cement is backed and it is ready to transfers every where to  be used for building .                                             The next diagram gives information how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes.
(15%) from cement , (10%) water , sand (25%)and (50%) cravel.
All those materials are put together in concrete mixer after concrete is mixed very well . Lastly the concrete is ready to be used for building.

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A large number of people claim that it would be better if the price of petrol was increased to solve growing traffic and pollution problems. However, many others strongly disagree. I plan to consider both sides and then give my opinion in the conclusion.

There are some important reasons why so many people argue that everyone ought to increase ing the price of petrol. First of all, increasing the price of petrol is a good thing, because it can save petrol for the future. In addition some people use petrol with no reason for example go around the street and making noisy noise next to the people, than you will lose petrol. Finally, if you want to save the price of petrol just do good things, what. I mean about by that is go to your job, hangout with your friends, so that is how to solve growing traffic and pollution problems.

On the other hand, not everyone can agree with above for these reasons. To being with, some people do not have the money for petrol, so they will stay at home, for instance they do not have the same money for the petrol, so they will save money.

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IELTS vocabulary lessons with word lists, practice exercises and pronunciation. Learn word lists for common topics and how to pronounce words correctly in English. Vocabulary is 25% of your marks for IELTS writing and speaking and also plays a key role in listening and reading. You need to develop your English language vocabulary if you wish to crack IELTS.

Below are IELTS topics for improving your English language vocabulary.

Improve your IELTS vocabulary score by learn useful tips for paraphrasing in IELTS. You need to learn to paraphrase correctly and avoid errors to get a good score in all skills, particularly IELTS writing. Knowing which words to repeat and which words to paraphrase is essential.
Paraphrasing Video: How to paraphrase and avoid errors
Get a list of over 100 common uncountable nouns with practice exercises. This is an essential page to view before your IELTS test. The most common vocabulary mistake in IELTS is with uncountable nouns.
Common Uncountable Nouns List
Spelling: US vs UK English Words

Learn about the differences in spelling between UK English and US English. For the IELTS writing test, you ought to choose one type of spelling and not mix them. Click below:
UK & US Spelling Differences
Idioms count for your score of vocabulary. They are informal and should not be used in writing. But you can use some of them in IELTS speaking.

Improve your vocabulary by learning the exact meaning of words and how to use them correctly. These lessons are either words lists or lessons which focus on how to use a particular word correctly. For students aiming to reduce the number of errors in their writing and speaking, these lessons are essential.

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Vocabulary for IELTS: Word Lists, Exercises & Pronunciation

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IELTS vocabulary lessons with word lists, practice exercises and pronunciation. Learn word lists for common topics and how to pronounce words correctly in English. Vocabulary is 25% of your marks for IELTS writing and speaking and also plays a key role in listening and reading.

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https://padlet.com/loolwa2004/wtvtvqqfqwyszzce