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The study and development of systems for improving and assisting the memory.

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defines an approach as a set of assumptions dealing with the nature of language, learning, and teaching.

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A method is a generalized set of classroom specifications for accomplishing linguistic objectives.

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Any of a wide variety of exercises, activities, or tasks used in the language classroom for realizing lesson objectives

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strategies are “attacks” used by humans in a particular situation, those differ within each person.

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They are strategies that involve directly the target language.

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They help learners regulate the learning process.

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Such a gruping or using imaginary, have a highly specific funtion.

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Such a summarizing or reasoning deductively, enable learners to understand and produce new labguage by many different means.

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Like guessing or using synonyms, allow learners to use the language despite their often large gaps in knowledge.

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Things like grouping language into meaningful units, associating new information with concepts already memorized, or placing new words and language into a sentence, conversation or story are all types of memory strategies that create links.

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Reviewing in carefully spaced intervals, at first close
together and then more widely spaced apart.

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Classifying or reclassifying language material into meaningful units, mentally or in writing, to make the material easier to remember by reducing the number of discrete elements.

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Physically acting out a new expression (e.g., going to the door), or meaningfully relating a new expression to a physical feeling or sensation (e.g., warmth).

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Are among the most important cognitive strategies.

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helps learner locate the main idea through skimming or the key points of interest through scanning.

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They construct a formal model in their minds based on analysis and comparison, create general rules, and revise these rules when new information is available.

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That create structure which is necessary for comprehension and production in the new lenguage.

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Guessing is when logic and information don't provide sufficient insight to answer a question completely. ... Probability theory is one of the approach for facilitate intelligent guessing.

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Using the mother tongue for an expression without translating it. This strategy may also include adding word endings from the new language onto words from the mother tongue.

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allow learners to control their own cognition that is, to to coordinate the learning process by using functions such as centering, arranging,planning, and attitudes.

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Provide a way for learner to coordinate their own learning process.

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Refers to emotions, attitudes, motivation, and values. It is imposiblr to overstate the importance of the affective factors influencing language learning.

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Is a form of social behavior; it is communication, and communication occurs between and among people.

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Overviewing and linking with already known material involves previewing the principles, the new vocabulary or the material for an upcoming language task and linkingthem to learners` prior knowledge.

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Arranging and planning your learning, studying and practice usually unfold into five separate tasks or techniques: ... Planning a language goal or task; Setting your linguistic goals and objectives; Organizing your time and resources in view of your chosen goals and objectives.

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is a systematic process of determining the extent to which educational objectives are achieved by pupils. Evaluation includes both qualitative and quantitative plus value judgments concerning the desirability of that behaviour.

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When practiced regularly relaxation techniques such as mindfulness meditation, progressive muscle relaxation, and deep breathing can reduce anxiety symptoms and increase feelings of relaxation and emotional well-being.

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Self-encouragement is believing in yourself and in your ability to overcome your limitations and handicaps.

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Taking the emotional temperature gives you an edge to enhance productivity.

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mean to address a person in order to gain information. ask implies no more than the putting of a question.

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o act or work with another or others

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Emotion researchers generally define empathy as the ability to sense other people's emotions, coupled with the ability to imagine what someone else might be thinking or feeling.