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I can understand the 5 schedules of reinforcement

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I can understand the 5 schedules of reinforcement

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Continuous: rewarded every time
Fixed ratio: every 2 letters a skittle was given
Fixed interval: every 10 seconds a skittle was given

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Seligman:
-Purpose: perceptions on power and control are learned from experience
Learned Helplessness: becomes depressed
-Classical Conditioning
-Procedure: Dogs: escape group, non escape group, non harness group. Dogs were shocked 64 every 90 seconds: bell was rung and dog was shocked. Soon, before the dog even heard the bell, it knew it would be shocked. Later, the dog stopped trying and just gave up.
-Results: average time to escape for non harness (control): 30 secs
shocked: 50 secs;
-Ethical Guidelines: no, because it was to get research to figure out hwy people get depressed. Yes, harmed dogs.
-Future impact: found the beginnings of a theory to explain why some people become helpless, hopeless, and depressed

Bandura:
-Purpose: determine if (based on Modeling):
Procedure: 5 groups, control, aggressive/non aggressive males/females
adult model in room and they would verbally abuse it then taken to another room were they couldn't play with the toy
The Bobo Doll Experiment
Observational Learning
Result: children exposed to aggression/poor model behavior were more likely to initiate the behaviors {Boys were more aggressive than girls}
Ethical Guidelines: yes consent; debriefing: no treatment afterwards-they will stay aggressive forever--we would need to show them not to act this way
Future Impact: predict future behaviors of males and females; correlate to cases with domestic violence

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11/4: I can understand PAVLOV research study

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11/4: I can understand PAVLOV research study

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Ian Pavlov: 1849-1946:
John Watson also applied Pavlov's principles
Purpose:
-Pavlov and his assistants started research on salivation and digestion
-used classical conditioning to study people reflexes; such as phobias and anxiety
-relate to dogs salivating first at footsteps
-Procedure
-dogs have incision in cheek w tube to collect saliva
saliva=UCP
food=UCS
smell, sounds=neutral stimulus
dogs started to salivate when heard footsteps
put dogs in soundproof lab so they couldn't hear
results:
UCS+NS=CR
dogs needed stimulus of sound or sight to salivate (became conditioned)
ethical because dogs were well kept in lab; fed dogs and no effects of experiement were too drastic
-Future research
research and conditioning on phobias
today, using classical conditioning to help people get over fears and phobias
farmers using predators(wolves) to dislike smell of sheep
-real life examples:
hearing the bell-->kids to pack up for next class
hearing a microwave beep-->salivate
hearing national anthem-->raises heart rates

Big Bang Theroy:
1) what is the schedule of reinforcement? Every time she did something annoying. Anything he wanted to change
2) what did Sheldon do wrong? He didn't tell her what he wanted to reinforce.
3) what did Sheldon do well? Used PR: He gave her a chocolate every time she stopped talking. He corrected her first then gave it to her. He choose a reward she likes

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11/2: I can understand Thorndike & Skinner's research studies

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11/2: I can understand Thorndike & Skinner's research studies

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PR: positive reinforcement: add reward
NR: subtract something unpleasant
______________Increase good behaviors

PP: adding something don't like
NP: subtracting something like
_____________Decrease poor behaviors

--Thorndike- Operant Learning PPT:

--B.F. Skinner-Operant Chamber PPT:
*Purpose of Study:
-to study animal behavior
-to show that reinforcement can affect behavior (how long would the animal take to learn the behavior with the good reward)
*Created the "Skinner Box" (Operant Chamber)
- a small closure in which there was a response to be made and means of delivering a reinforcement
-how long it would take for the rat and pigeon to pull the lever
*Results- Rat: after response had a better influence on the rate of occurrence
-Operant Conditioning: if a response (operant) is followed by a reinforcing stimulus, response strength is increased
-Discrimination: a stimulates that elicits a response after association w reinforcement
-Pigeon=better study than rat
-Schedule of reinforcement: when reinforcement is made available to subject of participant only some of the time, according to certain rules, these rules define schedule
-Fixed ratio, fixed interval, variable interval
*Skinnner wrote books discussing idea of behavior in human society: controversial: thought he was trying to brainwash
-behaviorism a prominent field in psychology
-ethical: fed animals and took care of them; no harm
*taught parents how to train their children
-teach children how to speak
-mentally disabled to talk, dress, interact w other
brain damaged ppl to control inappropriate behaviors