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When we learn, we adapt to the different situations that we face in our day to day lives so that we can change to become more successful in our endeavours. Whenever we make a mistake we are able to learn from that so that we can change our habits to ensure that we don't make the same mistake again. For example if you touch a hot iron once, you can associate that experience with pain and you will not repeat that action. If we aren't able to learn we would continue to make the same mistakes over and over again

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Continuous reinforcement- every instance of a behavior is reinforced
ratio schedules-reinforcement is based on the numbers of behaviors required
interval schedules-reinforcement is based on the passage of time
fixed schedules- the requirement for reinforcement are always the same
variable schedules-the requirements for reinforcement change randomly

Fixed Ratio-reward for every thing you do (every toy you pick up)
Fixed Interval-reward after a certain time period (getting paid monthly)
Variable Interval-reinforcement occurs after a random amount of time
Variable Ratio-reinforcement occurs after a random amount of behavior

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-apparent conditioning, observational learning
-social learning theory-learning through interactions
-study the effects of children's behavior after watching an adult model act aggressively towards a bobo doll
-child was given non-violent toys, adults were aggressive towards bobo doll
-child was individually given bobo doll
-children exposed to aggressive models, they were more aggressive towards bobo dolls
-those who were not exposed to the aggression, did not display as much aggression

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Classical Conditioning
a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired with one another to form an association

since conditioned reflexes are not inborn how are they acquired
the dogs were isolated and measured the amount of saliva they produced, every time they heard footsteps they were given food, so they started salivating every time they heard footsteps.

Generalization-associating something that you were conditioned to with something else related to that that you were not conditioned to

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What is the schedule of reinforcement? Continuously rewards her with chocolate every time she does something he approves of.
what did he do well? He used a reward that she likes.
what did he do wrong? He isn't consistent with the actions he rewards.

shaping-slowly training the behavior so they do what they are supposed to

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Unconditioned stimulus=undconditioned response (UCR1)
neutral (conditioned stimulus)+UCS=UCR2
CS=CR
Little Albert-
UCS= White rat before
UCR1= No fear
CS=Noise
UCR2=Fear from noise
CR=Fear from rat

Spontaneous Recovery-after it becomes extinct it randomly comes back weaker
Extinction-conditioned behavior slowly goes away
Acqusition-the process of pairing the UCS and CS

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-classical conditioning-humans could be classical conditioned along with animals
-Albert was presented with a white rat, rabbit, dog, monkey, and white cotton wool
-a hammer was hit against a steel bar to produce a loud noise, to produce fear in Albert
-when Albert was about to touch a rat, they would hit the hammer so that he would be afraid of the white animals
-A fear response was conditioned to the read and then through generalization all other white furry things as well
-helped create behaviorism

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-Taste Aversion- a learned response to eating spoiled or toxic food
-classical conditioning- a learned behavior based on association
-if rats would be quick to form a association between taste and illness
-experimental group was given the saccarine solution and the control group wasn't and the saccarine made the rats sick so they avoided it
-when given the saccharine solution the rats in the experimental group refused to drink it

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I can understand Garcia and Watson's research studies

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Operant conditioning-studied learning through consequences
-based off of Thorndike's Law of Effect
-studies the power that reward could have on one's behavior.
-If a response is followed by a reinforcer, its stronger
-Skinner box-a small box where there was a lever for a rat to press and food would come out only when the rat pressed the lever when a light came on
Fixed ratio-every nth response is reinforced
-Fixed interval- a reinforcement becomes available after a fixed period of time
-Variable interval- in this case a reinforcement made available at a variable intervals
-The results of the study show behaviorism is most concerned with observable behavior

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-Operant conditioning-consequences
-Animals have intelligence and the ability to be conditioned
-create a problem box with a device to lock/unlock the entrance and cats had to unlock the box to get food
-Apparent cleverness came from trial and error
-If an action brings a reward-that action becomes stamped in the mind
-Law of effect-behavior changes due to consequence
-The cats became faster at unlocking the box gradually
-Latency- you don't know you learn until after the fact

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I can understand Thorndike and Skinner's research studies.

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My brother has no consideration for time and is always late and therefore makes others late.
To counter this behavior he could be rewarded for being early and on the way to school we could get McDonald's.

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I can apply behavior modification

1. Trial and Error
2. Operant Conditioning
-behaviors have consequences
-positive-add something (spanking)
-negative-take something away (phone)

3. Classical Conditioning
-associative learning
4. Observational Learning (Modeling)