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Animals generally need 7 types of nutrients. These are:
-Car

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Comparison of plant and animals cells

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Saliva is made in the salivary glands. It is a mixture of water, mucus and amylase, which is an enzyme.

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Kingdoms:

-Animal Kingdom
-Plant Kingdom
-Fungi Kingdom
-Protocsita Kingdom
-Prokaryotes Kingdom

(NOT VIRUSES

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There are two tubes leading down from the back of the mouth. One is the trachea or windpipe, this takes air to the lungs. The other is the oesophagus, which takes food down to the stomach.

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Phylum vertebrates:
-Fish
-Mammal
-Bird
-Amphibian
-Reptile

Phylum arthropods:
-Arachnids
-Myriapods
-Insects
-Crustaceans

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How does blood get oxygenated?

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Humans have a double circulatory system. This means that the blood passes through the heart twice in one complete circuit of the body. Double circulatory systems are found in all mammals, birds and reptiles, but fish have a single circulatory system. A single circulatory system is when the blood only passes through the heart once one a complete circuit of the body.

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The bioanimal naming system

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CALCIUM
Calcium is essential for the growth and strength at bones and teeth.

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Human digestive system

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Arteries carry blood away from the heart, and veins return the blood to the heart.

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The difference between a food chain and Food web.
Food chain Up
Food web down

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Food web and food chain

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Transition of blood from arteries to veins. Aka: a capillary network.

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Inside of a artery, vein and capillaries.

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To test for the presence of starch, one must put iodine one the substance on which they test. If the substance turns blue-black in color, starch is present.

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LIPIDS
Helps in energy prooduction and storage lipids. They are also used to insulate and to protect the body, they are needed for proper digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Lipids are also needed for cell wakk stucture and Hormone production.

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What are the parts of a celll?

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The four main risk factors for coronary heart disease are thought to be (i) smoking, (ii) high

blood pressure (possible accentuated by stress), (iii) high blood cholesterol (possibly aggravated by a fatty diet), (iv) lack of exercise.

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Commiphora Africana and Commiphora angloensis.  These names are first genus, then species.  If an organisms is the not of the same genus, it is not possible to be the same species, despite having the same “species” name.  The orgnanisms that are of the same genus are different species but closely related as they are within the same genus.

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What molecules are produced when starch, proteins and fats are broken down in the digestive system?

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The anatomy of a heart

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Table of classification

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Nitrification is the biological oxidation of ammonia or ammonium to nitrite followed by the oxidation of the nitrite to nitrate. The transformation of ammonia to nitrite is usually the rate limiting step of nitrification. Nitrification is an important step in the nitrogen cycle in soil.

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Info

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Animal and Plant cells in pure water

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Structure of an animal cell

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The tests that identify the different macromolecules

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Animals have no cell wall and no chlorophyll in the cells

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Magnification

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Leaf cross section

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Classification

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Organs: a structure made up of a group of tissues, working together to perform Specific functions

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Fish have scaly skin and gills

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Plants make. Food through photosynthesis

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Animals can move to hunt

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These kind of questions might be on the Exam

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animals: multicellular

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Specialised cells

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Functions of an alimentary canal.Alimentary canal, also called digestive tract, pathway by which food enters the body and solid wastes are expelled. The alimentary canal includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus

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The enzymes in the digestive system and their functions.

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3 types of enzymes

Lipase: Digests Fats
Protease: Digests proteins
Amylase: Digests carbs

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Anatomy of a heart

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Anatomy of a dicot stem

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DNA - Deoxybonucleic acid

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The

incisors at the front of the mouth have a sharp biting surface and are used for cutting or shearing food into small chewable pieces. There are eight incisors in both primary and permanent dentitions.

The

canines are situated at the 'corners' of the dental arches. They have a sharp, pointed biting surface. Their function is to grip and tear food. There are four canine teeth in both primary and permanent dentitions.

The

premolars, unlike the incisors and canines, have a flat biting surface. Their function is to tear and crush food. They are unique to the permanent dentition which has eight premolars.

The

molars are the largest of the teeth. They have a large flat biting surface. The function of the molars is to chew, crush and grind food. There are eight molars in the primary dentition and twelve in the permanent dentition.

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This is what the predator and prey graph looks like. (It can be different).

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Diffusion is faster at higher temperatures.

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Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules from a region of high water potential to a reason of low concentration, through a partially permeable cell membrane.

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Carbohydrates:
->Monosaccharide: 1 sugar molecule [glucose]
->Disaccharide: 2 sugar molecules join together [sucrose or maltose]
->Polysaccharide: many sugars joined together [cellulose, starch and glycogen

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Don't forget the parts of a leaf

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Vertical section through the heart

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Nitrification is the biological oxidation of ammonia or ammonium to nitrite followed by the oxidation of the nitrite to nitrate. The transformation of ammonia to nitrite is usually the rate limiting step of nitrification. Nitrification is an important step in the nitrogen cycle in soil.

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Blood flow in your body

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We have covered many large topics that you know will come up on the exam. Start to generate areas that you know you will be asked about and come up with some pre-made answers. For example, (Plant vs. Animal cell anatomy, flow of blood in the heart, passive vs active transport). After you post your general question or area, everybody can chip in and add details to the post. This way as class, you can help cover all the bases and lift each other up.