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Another way of understanding critical thinking :)

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http://philosophy.hku.hk/think/critical/ct.php

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Definition and Examples of Critical Thinking

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Definition and Examples of Critical Thinking

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Critical thinking is the process of independently analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information as a guide to behavior and beliefs.

The American Philosophical Association has defined critical thinking as "the process of purposeful, self-regulatory judgment. The process gives reasoned consideration to evidence, contexts, conceptualizations, methods, and criteria" (1990). Critical thinking is sometimes broadly defined as "thinking about thinking."

Critical thinking skills include the ability to interpret, verify, and reason, all of which involve applying the principles of logic. The process of using critical thinking to guide writing is called critical writing.

Observations

"Critical Thinking is essential as a tool of inquiry. As such, Critical Thinking is a liberating force in education and a powerful resource in one's personal and civic life. While not synonymous with good thinking, Critical Thinking is a pervasive and self-rectifying human phenomenon. The ideal critical thinker is habitually inquisitive, well-informed, trustful of reason, open-minded, flexible, fair-minded in evaluation, honest in facing personal biases, prudent in making judgments, willing to reconsider, clear about issues, orderly in complex matters, diligent in seeking relevant information, reasonable in the selection of criteria, focused in inquiry, and persistent in seeking results which are as precise as the subject and the circumstances of inquiry permit."
(American Philosophical Association, "Consensus Statement Regarding Critical Thinking," 1990)

Thought and Language
"In order to understand reasoning, . . . it is necessary to pay careful attention to the relationship between thought and language. The relationship seems to be straightforward: thought is expressed in and through language. But this claim, while true, is an oversimplification. People often fail to say what they mean. Everyone has had the experience of having their words misunderstood by others. And we all use words not merely to express our thoughts but also to shape them. Developing our critical thinking skills, therefore, requires an understanding of the ways in which words can (and often fail to) express our thoughts."
(William Hughes and Jonathan Lavery, Critical Thinking: An Introduction to the Basic Skills, 4th ed. Broadview, 2004)

Dispositions That Foster or Impede Critical thinking
"Dispositions that foster critical thinking include facility in perceiving irony, ambiguity, and multiplicity of meanings or points of view; the development of open-mindedness, autonomous thought, and reciprocity (Piaget's term for ability to empathize with other individuals, social groups, nationalities, ideologies, etc.). Dispositions that act as impediments to critical thinking include defense mechanisms (such as absolutism or primary certitude, denial, projection), culturally conditioned assumptions, authoritarianism, egocentrism, and ethnocentrism, rationalization, compartmentalization, stereotyping and prejudice."
(Donald Lazere, "Invention, Critical Thinking, and the Analysis of Political Rhetoric." Perspectives on Rhetorical Invention, ed. by Janet M. Atwill and Janice M. Lauer. University of Tennessee Press, 2002)

Critical Thinking and Composing
- "[T]he most intensive and demanding tool for eliciting sustained critical thought is a well-designed writing assignment on a subject matter problem. The underlying premise is that writing is closely linked with thinking and that in presenting students with significant problems to write about-and in creating an environment that demands their best writing-we can promote their general cognitive and intellectual growth. When we make students struggle with their writing, we are making them struggle with thought itself. Emphasizing writing and critical thinking, therefore, generally increases the academic rigor of a course. Often the struggle of writing, linked as it is to the struggle of thinking and to the growth of a person's intellectual powers, awakens students to the real nature of learning."
(John C. Bean, Engaging Ideas: The Professor's Guide to Integrating Writing, Critical Thinking, and Active Learning in the Classroom, 2nd ed. Wiley, 2011)

- "Finding a fresh approach to a writing assignment means that you must see the subject without the blinders of preconception. When people expect to see a thing in a certain way, it usually appears that way, whether or not that is its true image. Similarly, thinking based on prefabricated ideas produces writing that says nothing new, that offers nothing important to the reader. As a writer, you have a responsibility to go beyond the expected views and present your subject so that the reader sees it with fresh eyes. . . .[C]ritical thinking is a fairly systematic method of defining a problem and synthesizing knowledge about it, thereby creating the perspective you need to develop new ideas. . . .

"Classical rhetoricians used a series of three questions to help focus an argument. Today these questions can still help writers understand the topic about which they are writing. An sit? (Is the problem a fact?); Quid sit (What is the definition of the problem?); and Quale sit? (What kind of problem is it?). By asking these questions, writers see their subject from many new angles before they begin to narrow the focus to one particular aspect."
(Kristin R. Woolever, About Writing: A Rhetoric for Advanced Writers. Wadsworth, 1991)

A List of Logical Fallacies
Ad Misericordiam Appeal to Authority Appeal to Force Appeal to Humor Appeal to Ignorance Appeal to the People Begging the Question Circular Argument Complex Question Contradictory Premises
Dicto Simpliciter, Equivocation
False Analogy False Dilemma Gambler's Fallacy Hasty Generalization Name-Calling Non Sequitur Paralepsis Poisoning the Well Red Herring Slippery Slope Stacking the Deck

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Critical thinking is the process of independently analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information as a guide to behavior and beliefs. The American Philosophical Association has defined critical thinking as "the process of purposeful, self-regulatory judgment. The process gives reasoned consideration to evidence, contexts, conceptualizations, methods, and criteria" (1990).

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Want More Critical Thinking Quiz Questions?
Test your knowledge with questions from our award-winning titles below.

1) You have only an 8-liter jug and a 3-liter jug. Both containers are unmarked. You need exactly 4 liters of water.

How can you get it, if a water faucet is handy? Question from Classroom Quickies *

Show/Hide Solution

2) What can you add to 1,000,000 and always get more than if you multiplied the 1,000,000 by the same value?

Question from Scratch Your Brain * Show/Hide Solution

3) Determine the common saying depicted in these verbal picture puzzles.

a. DECI SIONQuestion from
b. ANOTHER ONE

Think-A-Grams * Show/Hide Solution

4) What is the 50th number in this sequence?

Explain how you got your answer.Question from
5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41, ...

Dr. Funster's Think-A-Minutes * Show/Hide Solution

5) Determine both one-word answers.

The floor of ship or boat,
They walk on me at sea;
Where there's a C, make it an S,
At school you sit on me.

What am I? _______________

6) The reason he gave the press for leaving his job was illness and fatigue. That wasn't exactly the truth and it wasn't exactly a lie.

Why did he leave?

7) Determine both one-word answers.

Another word for sick,
Your forehead is quite hot;
Now put an H in front,
A mountain I am not.

What am I?______________

8) Use the clues to solve the puzzle.

A duck, a goose, a goat, and a horse all entered the barn at different times one day last week.
a. A mammal entered the barn first.
b. The duck entered before the goose.
c. The goose entered ahead of the horse.

Who entered the barn first? ____________

9) Determine the common term or phrase depicted in these verbal picture puzzles.

a. CHIEDITOREF
b. T 2222

10) Use the addition, subtraction, multiplication and division symbols once each to make these equations true.

a. 600 __ 200 __ 400 __ 300 __ 200 = 200
b. 200 __ 300 __ 600 __ 400 __ 200 = 200

11) While relaxing on the deck outside her cabin one summer evening, Vivian fell into a deep trance-like sleep. When she awoke, she felt as if she had slept only an hour or two, but it was now the middle of winter.

How could this be?

12) What do you get when a math teacher is a magician? ________________

Answers to Questions:
1) Fill the 3-liter jug three times, each time dumping the water from it into the 8-liter jug. The third time, this will leave one liter of water in the 3-liter jug, and the 8-liter jug will be filled. Dump the water from the 8-liter jug down the drain, and then empty the one liter of water from the 3-liter jug into the 8-liter jug. Now fill the 3-liter jug again and dump the water into the 8-liter jug. The 8-liter jug now contains 4 liters of water. Various answers are possible.

2) zero, or any fraction less than a whole, or any negative number

3) a. split decision; b. one after another

4) 299. The pattern involves a difference of 6 between adjacent terms of the sequence. Add 6 to 5, getting 11, then add 6 to 11, getting 17, then add 6 to 17, getting 23, etc., until 6 has been added 50 times, ending in 299. Answer explanations will vary.

5) Deck, desk

6) He was the coach of a professional ball team. The team's owner fired him because he was "sick and tired" of the team's dismal performance.

7) a. ill; b. hill

8) the goat

9) a. Editor in Chief; b. Tea for two

10) a. 600 x 200 / 400 - 300 + 200 = 200; b. 200 / 300 x 600 - 400 + 200 = 200

11) Vivian was on the patio of her first class cabin on a cruise ship. She fell asleep just before the ship crossed the equator on a trip from Hawaii to New Zealand. The equator is the dividing line between the opposite seasons. She fell asleep north of the equator while in the middle of summer and awoke two hours later south of th equator in the middle of winter.

12) Tricky Problems

The Free Critical Thinking Quizzes are promotional quizzes, not be confused with our time tested and academically sound Cornell Critical Thinking Tests.

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Are You a Critical Thinker? - Free Online Quiz

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Want More Critical Thinking Quiz Questions? Test your knowledge with questions from our award-winning titles below. How can you get it, if a water faucet is handy? Question from Classroom Quickies * Show/Hide Solution Question from Scratch Your Brain * Show/Hide Solution a. DECI SIONQuestion from b.

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Books shelved as critical-thinking: Asking the Right Questions: A Guide to Critical Thinking by M. Neil Browne, The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Can...

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Fifteen Positive Examples of Critical Thinking / Importance of Critical Thinking / Resources / Home - Insight Assessment

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Everyday examples of thinking skills such as analyzing & evaluating data, interpreting input, explaining alternatives & seeing logical consequences

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Though you may not realize it, you use critical thinking skills ever day. Join us as we talk about critical thinking and how it applies to your every day lif...

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzV1pNQUX5s

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Center for Innovation in Legal Education

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As educators, it is our responsibility to ensure that critical thinking takes place on an ongoing basis in the classroom. This video helps define what critical thinking is and why it is an important. For part 2 visit www.onsided.com/lessons/critical-thinking-part-2/

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5 tips to improve your critical thinking - Samantha Agoos

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Every day, a sea of decisions stretches before us, and it's impossible to make a perfect choice every time. But there are many ways to improve our chances - and one particularly effective technique is critical thinking.

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What is the standard form of an argument? - Logical and Critical Thinking - The University of Auckland

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What is the standard form of an argument?