# data[].attributes.body
In the winter of 1838-1839, the Cherokee were force to evacuate their lands in Georgia and travel under military guard to present day Oklahoma. Many of the Native Americans died along the way due to exposure to disease, climate, etc.

# data[].attributes.body
Small landowners (the majority of white families in the south) who farmed their own land and usually did not own slaves.

# data[].attributes.body
Between 1830s and 40s hopes for social perfection - utopia - were widespread among Evangelical Christians as well as secular humanists. These hopes found expression in various Utopian communities and spiritual movements.

# data[].attributes.body
A serious belief of faith derived from Puritanism. Unitarians believed that God existed in only one person and not in the orthodox trinity. They also denied the divinity of Jesus, stressed the essential goodness of human nature, proclaimed their belief in free will and the possibility of salvation through good works, and pictured God as a loving father rather than a stern creator. The Unitarian movement began in New England at the end of the eighteenth century and was embraced by many of the leading "thinkers" or intellectuals of the day.

# data[].attributes.body
A network of safe-houses organized by abolitionists (usually free blacks) to aid slaves in their attempt to escape slavery in the North or Canada.

# data[].attributes.body
A protective tariff that helped American industry by raising the prices of British goods which were often cheaper and of higher quality than those of the U.S.

# data[].attributes.body
The practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1836, President Jackson issued this executive order that required purchasers of public land to pay in "specie," gold or silver coin, rather than paper money.

# data[].attributes.body
A series of evangelical revivals that swept over America in the early 1800s.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1817, it demilitarized the Great Lakes. Both Britain and the U.S. were limited to one 100-ton vessel armed with a single 18-pounder on Lake Champlain and Lake Ontario. All the other lakes were to have two for both countries.

# data[].attributes.body
Jackson's belief that all federal employers serve only "one term" in office, Jackson forced out 10% of old government worker. aka spoils system, brought more of the common people into office.

# data[].attributes.body
The act of restoring something to its original state.

# data[].attributes.body
The practice of prohibiting the manufacture, transportation, import, export, sale, and consumption of alcohol and alcoholic beverages.

# data[].attributes.body
New prisons in PA where prisoners were placed in solitary confinement to force them to reflect on sins and repent; high rate of prisoner suicides caused the end of the system.

# data[].attributes.body
A financial depression that lasted until the 1840s.

# data[].attributes.body
Men in charge of managing slaves on a plantation.

# data[].attributes.body
The belief that native-born Americans are superior to immigrants/foreigners.

# data[].attributes.body
Political ideology that stresses people's membership in a nation-a community defined by a common culture and history as well as by territory. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, nationalism was a force for unity in western Europe.

# data[].attributes.body
Time: 1806
Definition: The national road was the first highway built with entirely federal funds. Congress authorized the road in 1806 during the Jefferson Administration.
Significance: This was the first road open to all people, which opened up many new trade routes and ways to get to other states. It was very helpful in creating a national economy.

# data[].attributes.body
Members of a church (Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints) founded by Joseph Smith, Jr. in 1830; religious group that emphasized moderation, saving, hard work, and risk-taking.

# data[].attributes.body
The manufacture of many identical products by the division of labor into many small repetitive tasks. This method was introduced into the manufacture of pottery by Josiah Wedgwood and into the spinning of cotton thread by Richard Arkwright.

# data[].attributes.body
The most progressive law to pass under a wave of women's rights sentiments, guaranteeing more property rights to married women; proof that feminist reform movement was making significant headway in American society.

# data[].attributes.body
A drastic change in the manual labor system originating in south (but was soon moved to the north) and later spread to the entire world. Traditional commerce became outdated with the transportation and industrail revolution. As a result, the north started to have a more powerful economy that was starting to challenge the economies of some mid-sized European cities at the time.

# data[].attributes.body
In a textile mill at Lowell, Massachusetts virtually all of the workers were New England farm girls. They were supervised on and off the job, and even escorted to and from church. They had few opportunities to express their discontentment regarding their working conditions.
Example of inhumane labor conditions in America during the Industrial Revolution.

# data[].attributes.body
American party, order of the star-spangled banner, secret Nativist political party, anti-immigration/foreign and anti-Catholic.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

# data[].attributes.body
The belief of stressed self-reliance, self-culture, self-discipline, and that knowledge transcend instead of coming by reason; belief in individualism (caused an array of humanitarian reforms).

# data[].attributes.body
The trait of avoiding excesses (or abstinence from alcoholic drink).

# data[].attributes.body
A millennial group who believed in Jesus and Ann Lee; were celibate and only increased their numbers through recruitment and conversion (eventually ceased to exist).

# data[].attributes.body
A gathering of women of all ages and some men where the rights and conditions of women were discussed; also wrote the Declaration of Sentiments (took place in 1848 in upper-state New York).

# data[].attributes.body
A severe depression that followed the economic boom of the post-War of 1812 years; the Second National Bank tried to dampen land speculation and inflation, but called loans, raised interest rates, and received the blame for the panic (divided the commercial interests of the East from the agrarian interests of the West).

# data[].attributes.body
1. Missouri became the twelfth slave state 2. Maine become the twelfth free state 3. the Louisiana territory was divided where the northern party closed slavery and the southern area allowed slavery (first real debate over the future of slavery since the Constitution was ratified).

# data[].attributes.body
Invented by Eli Whitney, a huge development in the production of guns and was a huge factor in a revolution in industry.

# data[].attributes.body
The change from an agricultural to an industrial society and from home manufacturing to factory production, especially the one that took place in England from about 1750 to about 1850.

# data[].attributes.body
Passed in 1830, authorized Andrew Jackson to negotiate land-exchange treaties with tribes living east of the Mississippi. The treaties enacted under this act's provisions paved the way for the reluctant—and often forcible—emigration of tens of thousands of American Indians to the West/Trail of Tears, the South wanted the Indian's land so they kicked them out

# data[].attributes.body
System of work disciplined used on southern cotton plantations in the mid 19th cent. White overseers or black constantly supervised gangs of enslaved laborers to enforce work norms and secure greater productivity.

# data[].attributes.body
A system in which workers and machines were together in one place to make goods, and the employees worked a set number of hours for a certain amount of money.

# data[].attributes.body
People placed in charge of a small group of slaves with the duty of getting them to work without creating dissension.

# data[].attributes.body
Expressed in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, it said that states could nullify federal laws.

# data[].attributes.body
1850-1900; Proslavery; Favored secession from Union; Blamed for Civil War (Bloody Shirt Issue); States' rights (especially on civil rights); Farmers; Feared strong central government; Opposed god standard (usually); Used Spoils system; Supported lowering tariff (1887); Reduced government role in railroad building; opposed imperialism in 1890s.

# data[].attributes.body
Revision of the Declaration of Independence to include women and men (equal). It was the grand basis of attaining civil, social, political, and religious rights for women.Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Seneca Falls Convention.

# data[].attributes.body
Eli Whitney, 1793, this machine separated the seeds from the fibers of short-staple cotton, enabling a slave to clean fifty times more cotton than by hand. Reduced cotton costs, increased cotton production, and gave a new life to slavery in the south.

# data[].attributes.body
Britain and the United States agreed to the 49th parallel (latitude) as the northern boundary of the Louisiana Territory between Lake of the Woods and the Rocky Mountains. The two nations also agreed to joint occupation of the Oregon country for ten years.

# data[].attributes.body
the time period before the Civil War when there were many reforms, such as the establishment of tax-supported public schools, improvement of the treatment of the mentally ill, controlling/abolishing the sale of alcohol, abolishing slavery, and gaining equal legal/political rights for women.

# data[].attributes.body
A set of proposals that called for a national bank, protective tariffs, and internal improvements by Henry Clay (goal was American economic self-sufficiency).

# data[].attributes.body
(a.k.a the Transcontinental Treaty or the Florida Purchase Treaty)
a treaty where the United States purchased Florida for $5 million from Spain, Spain recognized America's claims to the Oregon Country, and the United States surrendered its claim to Texas (Northern Mexico).