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MUHAMMAD HAFIZ BIN MUKRI           DOE 20160709588

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MUHAMMAD HAFIZ BIN MUKRI           DOE 20160709588

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The oil and gas are important fossil fuels formed from the decomposition and pressurisation of algae, plankton and other organisms. This process forms hydrocarbons. These are compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon that form powerful combustible fuels.
When algae, plankton and other organisms die, they sink to the bottom of the sea and lakes, as well as rivers that wash them into seas and lakes. These low-lying areas are parts of “sedimentary basins” that are filled up over tens of millions of years by fragmented material that hardens into rock layers including sandstones, shales and coal seams. Organic material (mostly plankton and algae) in these rock layers breaks down to hydrocarbons (oil and gas) that are trapped in the rocks.

Oil and gas in everday life. Oil and gas are used widely in modern life. Oil fuels the cars, trucks and planes that underpin modern economies and lifestyles. By-products from oil refining are used in the production of plastics and chemicals, as well as many lubricants, waxes, tars and asphalts. Nearly all pesticides and many fertilisers are made from oil or oil byproducts.
Gas provides electricity and is also used for cooking, heating houses and buildings, and heating water. It is also important for fuelling many industrial operations, including glass and steel foundries, aluminium or nickel smelters, and many manufacturing industries. Gas is used in producing fertilisers and a wide range of industrial products, including plastics and polymers, textiles and paints and dyes. It can also be used in the form of compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a transportation fuel.

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Muhammad Syafiq Bin Zul Rozaini DOE 201607

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Muhammad Syafiq Bin Zul Rozaini DOE 201607

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In my opinion, Stage 1 - All of the oil and gas we use today began as microscopic plants and animals living in the ocean millions of years ago. As these microscopic plants and animals lived, they absorbed energy from the sun, which was stored as carbon molecules in their bodies. When they died, they sank to the bottom of the sea. Over millions of years, layer after layer of sediment and other plants and bacteria were formed.

Stage 2 - As they became buried ever deeper, heat and pressure began to rise. The amount of pressure and the degree of heat, along with the type of biomass, determined if the material became oil or natural gas. More heat produced lighter oil. Even higher heat or biomass made predominantly of plant material produced natural gas.

Stage 3 - After oil and natural gas were formed, they tended to migrate through tiny pores in the surrounding rock. Some oil and natural gas migrated all the way to the surface and escaped. Other oil and natural gas deposits migrated until they were caught under impermeable layers of rock or clay where they were trapped. These trapped deposits are where we find oil and natural gas today.

However, it very important to our living because it give vitamin that we used until today. Beside that, It has energy like oil, gas and other than that, human use for their life like for transport and uses for any utilities like hospital for medicine that we use today such as vitamin.

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In my opinion,it takes millions of years for decaying organic matter to be transformed into hydrocarbons within source rock. As sedimentation occurs, chemical reactions create the carbon and hydrogen molecules that make up liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons then slowly travel upwards until they are trapped by impermeable rock and form a deposit in a reservoir.￼2)Some things we use for our favorite hobbies and recreation also rely on mineral materials to make them stronger, lighter, and more flexible. Advances in materials science have allowed bicycles, once largely made of steel, to incorporate parts made of aluminum, carbon fiber, magnesium, and titanium that make them lighter and more durable. Aluminum, fiberglass, graphite, titanium, zirconium, beryllium, copper, tungsten, and steel have replaced wood in baseball bats, tennis racquets, and golf clubs to make them lighter and stronger. Race tracks, as well as playing surfaces for baseball and tennis, are a prescribed mixture of clay, sand, and silt. Calcined clay (a clay that has been heated) readily absorbs water to dry wet spots on fields and it is used to reduce soil compaction. It is also used on infield areas of baseball diamonds and on fields and tracks because it does not stick to cleats or hooves.

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In my opinion,it takes millions of years for decaying organic matter to be transformed into hydrocarbons within source rock. As sedimentation occurs, chemical reactions create the carbon and hydrogen molecules that make up liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons then slowly travel upwards until they are trapped by impermeable rock and form a deposit in a reservoir.￼2)Some things we use for our favorite hobbies and recreation also rely on mineral materials to make them stronger, lighter, and more flexible. Advances in materials science have allowed bicycles, once largely made of steel, to incorporate parts made of aluminum, carbon fiber, magnesium, and titanium that make them lighter and more durable. Aluminum, fiberglass, graphite, titanium, zirconium, beryllium, copper, tungsten, and steel have replaced wood in baseball bats, tennis racquets, and golf clubs to make them lighter and stronger. Race tracks, as well as playing surfaces for baseball and tennis, are a prescribed mixture of clay, sand, and silt. Calcined clay (a clay that has been heated) readily absorbs water to dry wet spots on fields and it is used to reduce soil compaction. It is also used on infield areas of baseball diamonds and on fields and tracks because it does not stick to cleats or hooves.

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Muhammad Hazim bin R.Azmi
OE20160709477

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Stage 1 - All of the oil and gas we use today began as microscopic plants and animals living in the ocean millions of years ago. As these microscopic plants and animals lived, they absorbed energy from the sun, which was stored as carbon molecules in their bodies. When they died, they sank to the bottom of the sea. Over millions of years, layer after layer of sediment and other plants and bacteria were formed.Stage 2 - As they became buried ever deeper, heat and pressure began to rise. The amount of pressure and the degree of heat, along with the type of biomass, determined if the material became oil or natural gas. More heat produced lighter oil. Even higher heat or biomass made predominantly of plant material produced natural gas.Stage 3 - After oil and natural gas were formed, they tended to migrate through tiny pores in the surrounding rock. Some oil and natural gas migrated all the way to the surface and escaped. Other oil and natural gas deposits migrated until they were caught under impermeable layers of rock or clay where they were trapped. These trapped deposits are where we find oil and natural gas today.                                 Our homes and office buildings contain many mineral materials(benefits of minerals in our living ):Drywall is made from gypsum,Concrete in the foundation is made with limestone and aggregate reinforced with steel rebar,Bricks are made from clay,Titanium oxide is used to make paint,Silica is used to make windows,Electrical wiring is made from copper,Iron and copper are used to make pipes for plumbing, and Faucets contain various combinations of iron, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum combined to make stainless steel

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Stage 1 - All of the oil and gas we use today began as microscopic plants and animals living in the ocean millions of years ago. As these microscopic plants and animals lived, they absorbed energy from the sun, which was stored as carbon molecules in their bodies. When they died, they sank to the bottom of the sea. Over millions of years, layer after layer of sediment and other plants and bacteria were formed.Stage 2 - As they became buried ever deeper, heat and pressure began to rise. The amount of pressure and the degree of heat, along with the type of biomass, determined if the material became oil or natural gas. More heat produced lighter oil. Even higher heat or biomass made predominantly of plant material produced natural gas.Stage 3 - After oil and natural gas were formed, they tended to migrate through tiny pores in the surrounding rock. Some oil and natural gas migrated all the way to the surface and escaped. Other oil and natural gas deposits migrated until they were caught under impermeable layers of rock or clay where they were trapped. These trapped deposits are where we find oil and natural gas today.                                 Our homes and office buildings contain many mineral materials(benefits of minerals in our living ):Drywall is made from gypsum,Concrete in the foundation is made with limestone and aggregate reinforced with steel rebar,Bricks are made from clay,Titanium oxide is used to make paint,Silica is used to make windows,Electrical wiring is made from copper,Iron and copper are used to make pipes for plumbing, and Faucets contain various combinations of iron, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum combined to make stainless steel

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Ilman Faza B.Nurikah
OE20160709522

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In my opinion,mineral and gases are formed from the dead animals that are died for thousand years ago and likely to called as fossils.At the first step to become the title of the fossils is when the animals were dead,it will being composed by the composing agent like microorganisms.The process of the composition also happened by the factors of pressure of gases from the soil that been produced and also the condition of the temperature in the soil.So,the product occurs will maintain for about decades and will long lasting for decades.The benefits that we can get from this product is fuel and gases also can be our stuff to help in our daily activities like plastics and so on.From the fossils that are being called hydrocarbon oil and gases will produced different types of fuel like petrol,diesel,kerosene and so on for our uses in daily life.

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In my opinion,mineral and gases are formed from the dead animals that are died for thousand years ago and likely to called as fossils.At the first step to become the title of the fossils is when the animals were dead,it will being composed by the composing agent like microorganisms.The process of the composition also happened by the factors of pressure of gases from the soil that been produced and also the condition of the temperature in the soil.So,the product occurs will maintain for about decades and will long lasting for decades.The benefits that we can get from this product is fuel and gases also can be our stuff to help in our daily activities like plastics and so on.From the fossils that are being called hydrocarbon oil and gases will produced different types of fuel like petrol,diesel,kerosene and so on for our uses in daily life.

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Wan mohamad afiq amsyar
OE 20160709446

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Hydrocarbon oils and gas are formed in many years ago. In your opinion, how hydrocarbon oils and gas are form? How these minerals give benefits for our living?

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