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Defamation: false expression that injures a person's reputation.

When defamation is spoken, it is called slander.

Libel: false written or published statements that damage a person’s reputation.

Fighting words: words spoken face-to-face that are likely to cause immediate violence.

Commercial speech: speech where the speaker is more likely to be engaged in commerce and the intended audience is commercial, actual, or potential consumers.

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Obscenity is anything that treats sex or nudity in an offensive or lewd manner, violates recognized standards of decency, and lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.

U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1957 that obscenity is not speech protected by the Constitution.

Standards for what is considered obscene may be different from one community to the next.

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Pure Speech: verbal expression before an audience that has chosen to listen.

The most common form of speech and what most people think of when they hear the word speech.

Symbolic speech: the use of actions and symbols, in addition to or instead of words, to express ideas.

Sit-ins, flag waving, demonstrations, and wearing armbands or protest buttons.

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First Amendment protects people’s freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.

The last four rights protect political expression.

Protect people’s right to express themselves without interference from the government and to be able to hold the government accountable.

The essential, core political purpose of the First Amendment is self-governance